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Kim KY, Jeong SY, Won J, Ryu PD, Nam MJ. Induction of angiogenesis by expression of soluble type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor in mouse hepatoma. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:38781-6. [PMID: 11457844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104944200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological effect of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is cell type-specific and complex. The precise role of TGF-beta is not clear in vivo. To elucidate the regulation mechanism of endogenous TGF-beta on hepatoma progression, we modified the MH129F mouse hepatoma cell with a retroviral vector encoding the extracellular region of type II TGF-beta receptor (TRII). Soluble TRII (TRIIs) blocked TGF-beta binding to TRII on the membrane of hepatoma cells. Growth of MH129F cells was inhibited by TGF-beta1 treatment; however, soluble TRII-overexpressing cells (MH129F/TRIIs) did not show any change in proliferation after TGF-beta1 treatment. MH129F/TRIIs cells also increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, endothelial cell migration, and tube formation. Implantation of MH129F/TRIIs cells into C3H/He mice showed the significantly enhanced tumor formation. According to Western blot and protein kinase C assay, the expression of VEGF, KDR/flk-1 receptor, and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase was enhanced, and the phosphorylation activity of protein kinase C was increased up to 3.7-fold in MH129F/TRIIs tumors. Finally, a PECAM-1-stained intratumoral vessel was shown to be 4.2-fold higher in the MH129F/TRIIs tumor. These results indicate that VEGF expression is up-regulated by a blockade of endogenous TGF-beta signaling in TGF-beta-sensitive hepatoma cells and then stimulates angiogenesis and tumorigenicity. Therefore, we suggest that endogenous TGF-beta is a major regulator of the VEGF/flk-1-mediated angiogenesis pathway in hepatoma progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Division
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Progression
- Endothelial Growth Factors/biosynthesis
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphokines/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Phosphorylation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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102
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Kim JY, Kim KY, Lee KH, Hong KW, Kim BG. Effects of Polyamines on TNFalpha- or Tamoxifen-induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res Treat 2001; 33:385-91. [PMID: 26680812 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2001.33.5.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of polyamines on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-or tamoxifen (TAM)-induced apoptosis in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF- 7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was assessed by using MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetste (DCFDA) by fluorescence plate reader. DNA fragmentation was assessed by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS TNFalpah and TAM showed significant dose- and time- dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of MCF-7 human cells. However, the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells were not inhibited by TNFalpha or TAM treatment. The generation of ROS was increased in dose-and time-dependent manner by TNFalpha treatment in MCF-7 cells. Polyamines, especially spermine suppressed TNFalpha-induced ROS generation in MCF-7 cells. Antioxidant effects of polyamines were also demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, cell morphology as well as ROS generation assay. Polyamines also blocked TAM-induced cell death in MCF-7 cell. However, MDA-MB-231 cells showed resistance to the cytotoxic effects of TNFalpha or TAM. CONCLUSION These results suggest that polyamines may prevent TNFalpha or TAM-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
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103
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Chae HS, Bach JH, Lee MW, Kim HS, Kim YS, Kim KY, Choo KY, Choi SH, Park CH, Lee SH, Suh YH, Kim SS, Lee WB. Estrogen attenuates cell death induced by carboxy-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein in PC12 through a receptor-dependent pathway. J Neurosci Res 2001; 65:403-7. [PMID: 11536323 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated effects of estrogen on cell death induced by carboxy-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein (CT), a candidate causative substance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. 17 beta-Estradiol attenuated CT-induced cell death in PC12 cells, whereas 17 alpha-estradiol, nonestrogenic stereoisomer, did not exert any significant protective effect on CT-induced cell death. These results suggest that protective effects of estrogen may be mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) in PC12 cells. To confirm the results, we determined the effects of tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist. Tamoxifen blocked the protective effects of 17 beta-estradiol, although it did not affect those of 17 alpha-estradiol. Overall, it might be thought that the protective effect of estradiol on CT-induced cell death is achieved by hormonal properties mediated through the estrogen receptor rather than the structural properties as a reducing agent.
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104
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Ju WK, Gwon JS, Kim KY, Oh SJ, Kim SY, Chun MH. Up-regulated eNOS protects blood-retinal barrier in the L-arginine treated ischemic rat retina. Neuroreport 2001; 12:2405-9. [PMID: 11496119 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200108080-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using immunoblot analysis and immunocytochemistry, we investigated expression and cellular localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the l-arginine treated ischemic rat retina. In parallel, we tested whether the blood-retinal barrier was intact by immunocytochemistry using an antiserum against IgG. In the l-arginine-treated ischemic retina, the magnitude of the increased eNOS was higher, and PCNA was expressed in endothelial cells as well as in neurons in the inner retina during the whole experimental period. Finally, IgG leakage was not detectable in the l-arginine-treated ischemic retina. Our results clearly suggest that the increased NO production by eNOS may be essential for the survival of endothelial cells in the rat retina following transient ischemia.
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105
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Park H, Hong KM, Sakanari JA, Choi JH, Park SK, Kim KY, Hwang HA, Paik MK, Yun KJ, Shin CH, Lee JB, Ryu JS, Min DY. Paragonimus westermani: cloning of a cathepsin F-like cysteine proteinase from the adult worm. Exp Parasitol 2001; 98:223-7. [PMID: 11560415 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2001.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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106
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Kim KY, Davidson PM, Chung HJ. Antibacterial activity in extracts of Camellia japonica L. petals and its application to a model food system. J Food Prot 2001; 64:1255-60. [PMID: 11510672 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-64.8.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential presence of naturally occurring antimicrobials in petals of Camellia japonica L., a member of the tea family, was investigated against foodborne pathogens in microbiological media and food. Petals of the camellia flower (C. japonica L.) were extracted with methanol and fractionated into basic, acidic, and neutral fractions. The acidic fraction (equivalent to 1.0 g of raw sample per disk) produced an inhibitory zone of 14 to 19 mm (diameter) in a disk assay against the pathogens Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus on agar plates. Silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative purification by high-pressure liquid chromatography were used to purify compounds in the fraction. The mass spectrum of the antibacterial compound isolated had a molecular ion (M+) of m/z 116 and showed good conformity with the spectrum of fumaric acid (HOOC-CH=CH-COOH). An aqueous extract from the petals of C. japonica L. had an inhibitory effect on growth of all pathogens at 37 degrees C in microbiological media by increasing the lag phase. None of the microorganisms was inhibited completely. Milk was used as a model food system. Aqueous extract at a concentration of 100 mg/ml was bacteriostatic against all the foodborne pathogens in the milk stored at 25 degrees C for up to 4 days.
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107
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Bach JH, Chae HS, Rah JC, Lee MW, Park CH, Choi SH, Choi JK, Lee SH, Kim YS, Kim KY, Lee WB, Suh YH, Kim SS. C-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein induces astrocytosis. J Neurochem 2001; 78:109-20. [PMID: 11432978 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathophysiological features of Alzheimer's disease is astrocytosis around senile plaques. Reactive astrocytes may produce proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, and subsequent reactive oxygen intermediates such as peroxynitrites. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of the C-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein (CT-APP), which is another constituent of amyloid senile plaque and an abnormal product of APP metabolism, as an inducer of astrocytosis. We report that 100 nM recombinant C-terminal 105 amino acid fragment (CT105) of APP induced astrocytosis morphologically and immunologically. CT105 exposure resulted in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways as well as transcription factor NF-kappaB. Pretreatment with PD098059 and/or SB203580 decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. But inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation did not affect MAPKs activation whereas they abolished NO production and attenuated astrocytosis. Furthermore, conditioned media derived from CT105-treated astrocytes enhanced neurotoxicity and pretreatment with NO and peroxynitrite scavengers attenuated its toxicity. These suggest that CT-APP may participate in Alzheimer's pathogenesis through MAPKs- and NF-kappaB-dependent astrocytosis and iNOS induction.
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108
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Yang SW, Lee WK, Lee EJ, Kim KY, Lim Y, Lee KH, Rha HK, Hahn TW. Effect of bradykinin on cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells. Ophthalmologica 2001; 215:303-8. [PMID: 11399940 DOI: 10.1159/000050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the effect of bradykinin on cytosolic free calcium mobilization and cell proliferation in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC). METHODS The cytosolic free calcium concentration (Ca2+]i) was measured with the InCa(TM) Imaging System after the treatment of bradykinin (10(-11) to 10(-7) M) alone or with the pretreatments of EGTA, bradykinin receptor (Bk1 and Bk2) antagonists and an inhibition of phospholipase C (U-73122). Also, the effect of bradykinin on cell proliferation in BCEC was evaluated using cell counts. RESULTS In BCEC, [Ca2+]i in the resting state was 87 +/- 9 nM. Bradykinin induced an increment of [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner and its 50% effective concentration was approximately 5 x 10(-11) M. A [Ca2+]i increment at 10(-8) M bradykinin was inhibited with the pretreatment of EGTA, an extracellular calcium chelator. U-73122 (5 x 10(-6) M) attenuated the bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i increment. The pretreatment of HOE-140 (Bk2 antagonist) almost attenuated the bradykinin (10(-8) M)-induced [Ca2+]i increase, but des-Arg9-[Leu(8)]-bradykinin (Bk1 antagonist) did not suppress it. To investigate the physiological effect of bradykinin, the effect of bradykinin on cell proliferation was studied. 10(-8) M of bradykinin produced a significant increase in cell numbers. This mitogenic effect of bradykinin was inhibited by the Bk2 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Bradykinin-induced stimulation of the signal transduction pathway in BCEC is coupled with the Bk2 type receptor. Furthermore, bradykinin produces the mitogenic effect in BCEC.
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109
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Jin Y, Kim KY, Soung NK, Shin EY, Kim EG, Kim SR. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against amphiphysins. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:69-75. [PMID: 11460884 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysin I and II, proteins enriched in nerve terminals, form heterodimers and interact with dynamin and synaptojanin through their Src homology 3 (SH3) domain. In order to study the expression profile of Amphs in cells and tissues and the interaction state with other cellular molecules, we have prepared specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) designed to bait N-terminus, middle part, and C-terminus domains of Amph I, respectively by immunizing with the expressed smaller domain molecules using the GST gene fusion system. The expression of Amphs was found to be most abundant in PC12 cells, followed by B103 cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Western blot analysis showed a relatively high level expression of Amphs that were found in both mouse and rat brain. There appeared to be some species difference in the expression pattern, i.e. Amphs are present more in the testis than in the lungs in rats, however, they are reversed in mice. Characterization of the mAbs revealed that clone 14-23 precipitated Amph I and II, whereas clone 8-2 could only precipitate Amph I. In addition, clathrin and dynamin in a complex with Amph were captured in the precipitate formed by mAbs and identified by the Western blot analysis. Cellular distribution of Amph was visualized with confocal immunofluorescence microscopy performed using the labeled-mAbs. Taken together, these results demonstrated that mAbs provided an excellent measure for studying Amphs' expression profile and their interacting proteins.
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Lee MW, Park SC, Chae HS, Bach JH, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Kang YK, Kim KY, Lee WB, Kim SS. The protective role of HSP90 against 3-hydroxykynurenine-induced neuronal apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:261-7. [PMID: 11394871 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway, is a potential neurotoxin in several neurodegenerative disorders. Stabilizing protein structure, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have diverse roles as molecular chaperones to mediate stress tolerance. In the present study, we investigated the possible protective role of HSPs against 3HK induced neuronal cell death. Here we report that 3HK induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner neuronal cell death in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The cell death showed characteristic apoptotic features such as cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Furthermore, SK-N-SN cells were protected from 3HK induced cytotoxicity by prior elevation of HSPs expression. Our results show that the protective effect was abolished by HSP90 anti-sense oligonucleotides while not by HSP27 and HSP70 anti-sense oligonucleotides. Also, our result shows that HSP90 effectively inhibits caspases activities leading to the apoptosis. These results suggest that 3HK induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma SK-N-SN cells and that HSP90 is major contributing protein component of protection against 3HK induced apoptosis.
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111
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Kim KY, Jones E, Goldstein MZ. Practical geriatrics: Mental health services for older veterans in the VA system. Psychiatr Serv 2001; 52:765-8. [PMID: 11376222 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.52.6.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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112
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Kim KY, Kang MA, Nam MJ. Enhancement of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by coexpression of GM-CSF/B70 in hepatoma. Cancer Lett 2001; 166:33-40. [PMID: 11295284 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On investigating the role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and costimulatory molecule, B70, in antitumor immunity, we have found important effects of GM-CSF/B70 coexpression in the interaction with natural killer (NK) cells. We used the pLSN vector system to contain the neomycin-resistant gene and LTR promoter. The pLSNGM-CSF, pLSNB70 and pLSNB70/GM-CSF, pLSN vectors each containing GM-CSF, B70, and B70/GM-CSF cDNA, respectively, were constructed. They were transfected into human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (SK-HEP1), and stable cells (SK-pLSN, SK-GM, SK-B70 and SK-BG) were selected after neomycin treatment. According to enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis and FACS, we showed that expression of GM-CSF was increased up to 23-fold in SK-GM and SK-BG cells, and also expression of B70 was induced at least 76-97% in SK-B70 and SK-BG cells. Expression of B70 was remarkably increased by autocrine effect of GM-CSF in SK-BG cells. Primary cytolytic ability of GM-CSF and B70 significantly increased almost 4-fold (effector/target ratio, 100:1) in SK-BG cells. In in vivo studies, SK-BG cells showed much less subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice accompanying increased NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, these results suggest that combining expression of GM-CSF and B70 may enhance NK-mediated cytotoxicity, and then induce the antitumor immunity in hepatoma transplanted into nude mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- B7-2 Antigen
- Cell Division
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Genetic Therapy
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/physiology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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113
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Hwang WS, Cho JK, Kim KY, Shin SJ, Kim SK, Park JI, Kim DY, Lee JK, Lim JM, Lee BC. Births of freemartins derived from embryos reconstructed with ear fibroblasts. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:577-8. [PMID: 11411508 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the combination of artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) is effective for preventing large offspring syndrome in clone cattle production, it may cause freemartinism. In this study, 51 reconstructed embryos were transferred to artificially inseminated recipients. Of those 9 twin pregnancies, three delivered male and female offsprings. The females had tufts of long coarse hair and short blind pouch at the vaginal end. At necropsy, hypoplastic testicles and epididymis, which connected to the uterus through the spermatic cord, were found and seminal vesicles were also noted. All females had mixed sex chromosome configuration (60, XX and 60, XY). These results suggest that the combined ET program can cause freemartinism, which reduces the efficiency of clone cattle production.
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114
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Park KS, Kang KC, Kim KY, Jeong PY, Kim JH, Adams DJ, Kim JH, Paik YK. HWY-289, a novel semi-synthetic protoberberine derivative with multiple target sites in Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47:513-9. [PMID: 11328760 DOI: 10.1093/jac/47.5.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal properties of 515 synthetic and semi-synthetic protoberberines were investigated. HWY-289 was chosen for further study because it exhibited the most significant anti-Candida activity (MICs were 1.56 mg/L for Candida albicans and Candida krusei; 6.25 mg/L for Candida guilliermondii) but did not demonstrate toxicity in rats. HWY-289 inhibited the incorporation of L-[methyl-(14)C]methionine into the C-24 of ergosterol in whole cells of C. albicans (IC(50) 20 microM). However, HWY-289 (100 microM) had no effect on mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis in rat microsomes while miconazole (100 microM) was a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis under identical assay conditions. A second major target site for HWY-289 was identified that involves cell wall biosynthesis in C. albicans. HWY-289 was a potent inhibitor of the chitin synthase isozymes CaCHS1 and CaCHS2, with IC(50) values of 22 microM for each enzyme. The effect was highly specific in that HWY-289 had no significant effect on C. albicans CaCHS3 (IC(50) > 200 microM). Thus, HWY-289 compared favourably with well-established antifungal agents as an inhibitor of the growth of Candida species in vitro, and may have considerable potential as a new class of antifungal agent that lacks toxic side effects in the human host.
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115
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Kim KY, Moles JK, Hawley JM. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for aggressive behavior in patients with dementia after head injury. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21:498-501. [PMID: 11310524 DOI: 10.1592/phco.21.5.498.34504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Head injury of any severity can result in acute and chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms. After head injury, aggressive behaviors can be disabling to victims and stressful to their families. When aggression is compounded by dementia, treatment can be more difficult. Psychotropic agents can attenuate aggressive behaviors associated with mental disorders. Three patients with dementia and chronic aggression after head injury responded favorably to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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116
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Kim HY, Akbar M, Kim KY. Inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Mol Neurosci 2001; 16:223-7; discussion 279-84. [PMID: 11478377 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:16:2-3:223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Accepted: 11/01/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; AA), on apoptotic cell death was evaluated based on DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity induced by serum starvation using Neuro-2A and PC-12 cells. The presence of 20:4n-6 in the medium during serum starvation decreased DNA fragmentation and this initial protective effect was diminished with prolonged serum starvation. The observed protective effect of 20:4n-6 was not affected by the inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase. Conversely, 22:6n-3 became protective only after the enrichment of cells with this fatty acid at least for 24 h prior to the serum deprivation. DNA fragmentation as well as caspase-3 activity was reduced in 22:6n-3 enriched cells with a concomitant decrease in protein and mRNA levels. During the enrichment period, 22:6n-3 steadily increased its incorporation into PS leading to a significant increase in the total PS content; the protective effect of 22:6n-3 paralleled the PS accumulation. Neither direct exposure of cells to nor enrichment with 18:1n-9 had any protective effect. In conclusion, it is proposed that 20:4n-6 prevents neuronal apoptosis primarily due to the action of nonesterified 20:4n-6 but 22:6n-3, at least in part, through PS accumulation.
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Abstract
Various behaviors can be associated with dementing disorders. Management of these behaviors is often challenging to caregivers and clinicians. Verbal agitation such as talking constantly, screaming, and repeating phrases and noises is one of the most frequently encountered behaviors in the long-term care setting. We report two cases in which verbal agitation favorably responded to citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. We also discuss some other factors possibly associated with this response. Nonetheless, citalopram appears to be an added option in the treatment of verbal agitation in demented patients.
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118
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Thompson R, Dytman S, Kim KY, Mueller J, Adams GS, Amaryan MJ, Anciant E, Anghinolfi M, Asavapibhop B, Auger T, Audit G, Avakian H, Barrow S, Battaglieri M, Beard K, Bektasoglu M, Bertozzi W, Bianchi N, Biselli A, Boiarinov S, Bonner BE, Briscoe WJ, Brooks W, Burkert VD, Calarco JR, Capitani G, Carman DS, Carnahan B, Cole PL, Coleman A, Connelly J, Cords D, Corvisiero P, Crabb D, Crannell H, Cummings J, Day D, Degtyarenko PV, Demirchyan RA, Dennis LC, Deppman A, De Sanctis E, De Vita R, Dhuga KS, Djalali C, Dodge GE, Doughty D, Dragovitsch P, Dugger M, Eckhause M, Efremenko YV, Egiyan H, Egiyan KS, Elouadrhiri L, Farhi L, Feuerbach RJ, Ficenec J, Fissum K, Freyberger A, Funsten H, Gai M, Gavrilov VB, Gilfoyle GP, Giovanetti K, Gilad S, Girard P, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Guillo M, Gyurjyan V, Hancock D, Hardie J, Heddle D, Heisenberg J, Hersman FW, Hicks K, Hicks RS, Holtrop M, Hyde-Wright CE, Ito MM, Jenkins D, Joo K, Kane J, Khandaker M, Kim W, Klein A, Klein FJ, Klusman M, Kossov M, Kuhn SE, Kuang Y, Laget JM, Lawrence D, Leskin GA, Longhi A, Loukachine K, Lucas M, Magahiz R, Major RW, Manak JJ, Marchand C, Matthews SK, McAleer S, McCarthy J, McNabb JW, Mecking BA, Mestayer MD, Meyer CA, Minehart R, Mirazita M, Miskimen R, Muccifora V, Mutchler GS, Napolitano J, Niyazov RA, Ohandjanyan MS, O'Brien JT, Opper A, Patois Y, Peterson GA, Philips S, Pivnyuk N, Pocanic D, Pogorelko O, Polli E, Preedom BM, Price JW, Qin LM, Raue BA, Reolon AR, Riccardi G, Ricco G, Ripani M, Ritchie BG, Ronchetti F, Rossi P, Roudot F, Rowntree D, Rubin PD, Salgado CW, Sanzone M, Sapunenko V, Sarty A, Sargsyan M, Schumacher RA, Shafi A, Sharabian YG, Shaw J, Shuvalov SM, Skabelin A, Smith T, Smith C, Smith ES, Sober DI, Spraker M, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Taiuti M, Taylor S, Tedeschi D, Tung TY, Vineyard MF, Vlassov A, Weller H, Weinstein LB, Welsh R, Weygand DP, Whisnant S, Witkowski M, Wolin E, Yegneswaran A, Yun J, Zhou Z, Zhao J. The ep -->e'p eta reaction at and above the S11(1535) baryon resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:1702-1706. [PMID: 11290228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New cross sections for the reaction e p-->e p eta are reported for total center of mass energy W = 1.5--1.86 GeV and invariant momentum transfer Q2 = 0.25--1.5 (GeV/c)(2). This large kinematic range allows extraction of important new information about response functions, photocouplings, and eta N coupling strengths of baryon resonances. Newly observed structure at W approximately 1.65 GeV is shown to come from interference between S and P waves and can be interpreted with known resonances. Improved values are derived for the photon coupling amplitude for the S11(1535) resonance.
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Kang MA, Kim KY, Seol JY, Kim KC, Nam MJ. The growth inhibition of hepatoma by gene transfer of antisense vascular endothelial growth factor. J Gene Med 2001. [PMID: 10953920 DOI: 10.1002/1521-2254(200007/08)2:4<289::aid-jgm116>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mediator of angiogenesis and tumor growth in solid tumors. Therefore, to induce tumor regression, antiangiogenic agents to block VEGF need to be administered repeatedly. METHOD We constructed the recombinant mammalian expression vector bearing an antisense-VEGF cDNA, pZeoVEGFa. We examined the effect of pZeoVEGFa on the growth of SK-HEP1 hepatoma cells, bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells, and tubule formation of BCE cells in fibrin gel. To evaluate the function of pZeoVEGFa in vivo, we implanted SK-HEP1 hepatoma cells subcutaneously into nude mice. RESULTS In SK-HEP1 hepatoma cells, we showed that the synthesis of VEGF protein was suppressed by the stable and transient transfection of pZeoVEGFa. pZeoVEGFa inhibited the proliferation of BCE cells and significantly suppressed tubule formation of BCE cells. pZeoVEGFa inhibited a morphological change from a round shape to an elongated spindle shape in fibrin gel. When pZeoVEGFa was injected peritumorally by liposomes, tumor growth was inhibited. CONCLUSION Endothelial cell proliferation, tubule formation and tumor growth may be diminished by down-regulation of endogenous VEGF expression in tumor cells or tissue. These findings indicate that the efficient down-regulation of the VEGF produced by tumor cells using antisense strategies has an antitumor effect. We suggest that VEGF-targeted antiangiogenic gene therapy could be an effective strategy to treat VEGF-producing tumors.
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Farnsworth FA, Kim KY, Jacobs MR, Mankin ER. Centralized, pharmacist-managed anticoagulation service for a university-based health system. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2001; 58:77-8. [PMID: 11194140 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/58.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lee JH, Arumuganathan K, Chung YS, Kim KY, Chung WB, Bae KS, Kim DH, Chung DS, Kwon OC. Flow cytometric analysis and chromosome sorting of barley (hordeum vulgare L). Mol Cells 2000; 10:619-25. [PMID: 11211865 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-000-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometric analysis was systematically performed to optimize the concentration and duration of hydroxyurea (DNA synthesis inhibitor) and trifluralin (metaphase blocking reagent) treatments for synchronizing the cell cycle and accumulating metaphase chromosomes in barley root tips. A high metaphase index (76.5% in the root tip meristematic area) was routinely achieved. Seedlings of about 1.0-cm length were treated with 1.25 mM hydroxyurea for 14 h to synchronize the root tip meristem cells at the S/G2 phase. After rinsing with hydroxyurea, the seedlings were incubated in a hydroxyurea-free solution for 2 h and were treated with 1 microM trifluralin for 4 h to accumulate mitotic cells in the metaphase. The consistent high metaphase index depended on the uniform germination of seeds prior to treatment. High-quality and high-quantity isolated metaphase chromosomes were suitable for flow cytometric analysis and sorting. Flow karyotypes of barley chromosomes were established via univariate and bivariate analysis. A variation of flow karyotypes was detected among barley lines. Two single chromosome types were identified and sorted. Bivariate analysis showed no variation among barley individual chromosomes in AT and GC content.
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Fan J, Parra E, Alexeev I, Kim KY, Milchberg HM, Margolin LY, Pyatnitskii LN. Tubular plasma generation with a high-power hollow bessel beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:R7603-R7606. [PMID: 11138111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.r7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2000] [Revised: 09/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A high power, hollow Bessel beam (J5) is generated using an axicon and a phase plate in combination. The optical breakdown of a gas target and generation of a tubular plasma fiber with such a beam is realized. Hydrodynamic simulations of the hollow beam-plasma breakdown and heating are in reasonable agreement with interferometric measurements of the plasma time evolution.
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Ju WK, Kim KY, Lee MY, Hofmann HD, Kirsch M, Cha JH, Oh SJ, Chun MH. Up-regulated CNTF plays a protective role for retrograde degeneration in the axotomized rat retina. Neuroreport 2000; 11:3893-6. [PMID: 11117510 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200011270-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, we investigated the expression and cellular localization of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) in the rat retina following optic nerve transection (ONT). Following ONT, a signal for CNTFRalpha mRNA appeared in a layer-specific and time-dependent manner. In the ganglion cell layer, the signal showed a peak value 1 day after ONT, and then gradually decreased. In the inner nuclear layer the signal reached a peak value at 14 days of about 500% of control level, but then decreased at 4 weeks. Our findings suggest that CNTF might play a protective role for the retrograde degeneration of retinal cells induced by ganglion cell death in the rat retina following ONT.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To inform clinicians of the possibility that seizures due to therapeutic doses of fluvoxamine may not be as rare as previously considered. CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old white man with schizoaffective disorder and a past history of seizures secondary to head trauma had been seizure-free for approximately 10 years. Fluvoxamine therapy was begun due to increasing obsessive-compulsive behavior. Despite receiving anticonvulsants for his mood disorder, the patient had a breakthrough seizure. There were no underlying medical conditions that might have induced this seizure. No further seizures occurred after he was placed on a higher dosage of the anticonvulsants. The obsessive-compulsive behavior improved considerably as a result of fluvoxamine treatment. DISCUSSION The patient presented here developed a seizure with a therapeutic dosage of fluvoxamine; seizures associated with this agent have occurred more often with overdose. Multiple factors such as a prior history of seizures, head trauma, and concurrent treatment with other psychotropic agents are considered in this case report. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively safe and benign adverse effect profile of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors such as fluvoxamine, clinicians should be cautious about seizures as an adverse effect, especially when the patient has even a remote history of seizure or head trauma.
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Parra E, Alexeev I, Fan J, Kim KY, McNaught SJ, Milchberg HM. X-ray and extreme ultraviolet emission induced by variable pulse-width irradiation of Ar and Kr clusters and droplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:R5931-R5934. [PMID: 11102018 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.r5931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements are presented of x-ray (>1.5 keV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV, lambda=2-44 nm) emission from argon and krypton supersonic gas jets at room (T=300 K) and cryogenic (T=173 K) temperatures irradiated with constant energy (50 mJ), variable width laser pulses ranging from 100 fs to 10 ns. Two regimes of jet operation are explored: cluster formation (radius<100 nm) and droplet formation (radius>1 &mgr;m). The results for both clusters and droplets can be understood in terms of two time scales: a short time scale for optimal resonant absorption at the critical density layer in the expanding plasma, and a longer time scale for the plasma to drop below critical density.
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