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Brady PT, Herrmann M, Lopez JM. Addendum to "Two-fluid confined flow in a cylinder driven by a rotating endwall". Phys Rev E 2012; 85:067301. [PMID: 23005247 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.067301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 85, 016308 (2012)], we reported on numerical simulations of swirling two-phase flows in which for cases where the viscosity of the upper fluid is sufficiently smaller than that of the lower fluid, a small region of reversed flow is present on the interface. In this Brief Report, we show that the reported reversed flow is grid converged and comment further on its physical origin.
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Harzer J, Hillebrands B, Pogosova I, Herrmann M, Güntherodt G, Weller D. Structural and Magnetic Properties of e-Beam Prepared CoxPt1-x Alloy Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe have investigated structural and magnetic properties of CoPt alloy films with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the thickness range between 100Å and 400A. From a detailed x-ray analysis we find highly (111) -textured CoPt Microcrystal-lites in all samples. STM studies reveal a granular topography with grain diameters of up to 250Å. Measurements of hysteresis loops yield a saturation field which increases with thickness, and which is consistent with a freely mobile domain Model. Brillouin light scattering measurements of the frequencies of the surface and standing spin wave modes yield a bulk exchange constant, which is strongly dependent on the Pt content.
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Sarter K, Janko C, Andre S, Munoz LE, Schorn C, Winkler S, Rech J, Kaltner H, Lorenz HM, Schiller M, Andreoli L, Manfredi AA, Isenberg DA, Schett G, Herrmann M, Gabius HJ. Autoantibodies against galectins are associated with antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Glycobiology 2012; 23:12-22. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Veith NT, Bischoff M, Müller LV, Laschke MW, Schramm R, Roller J, Herrmann M, Menger MD, Tschernig T. Mikroskopische Beobachtung von Alveolen der Mauslunge in vivo. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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105
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Janko C, André S, Munoz LE, Briand JP, Schorn C, Winkler S, Schiller M, Andreoli L, Manfredi AA, Isenberg DA, Schett G, Gabius HJ, Muller S, Herrmann M. Autoantibodies against galectin-2 peptides as biomarkers for the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2012; 21:781-3. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203312443422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against opsonins of dying and dead cells mediate Fcγ receptor-dependent phagocytosis of autologous apoptotic and necrotic cells and hereby tend to elicit inflammation instead of silent clearance. We analysed sera of patients with chronic autoimmune diseases for the occurrence of IgG autoantibodies recognizing galectins. These pluripotent effectors can also bind to apoptotic or necrotic cells. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS; n = 104) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 62) were examined, healthy donors ( n = 31) served as controls. Selected peptides of galectin (Gal)-2 were employed for peptide-based ELISAs. Levels of anti-Gal-2PEP-IgG were significantly increased in SLE and APS when compared with controls. In addition, patients with APS showed significantly higher levels of anti-Gal-2PEP-IgG compared with patients with SLE. Anti-Gal-2PEP-IgG may, therefore, be considered novel biomarkers for APS.
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106
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Sambrook PN, Cameron ID, Chen JS, Cumming RG, Durvasula S, Herrmann M, Kok C, Lord SR, Macara M, March LM, Mason RS, Seibel MJ, Wilson N, Simpson JM. Does increased sunlight exposure work as a strategy to improve vitamin D status in the elderly: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:615-24. [PMID: 21369788 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Sunlight exposure by improving vitamin D status could be a simple public health strategy in reducing falls among frail elder people. In a randomised controlled trial, adherence to sunlight exposure was low (median adherence, 26%) and no effect of increased UV exposure on falls risk was observed (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.06, P = 0.73). INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine whether increased sunlight exposure was effective to improve vitamin D status and reduce falls in the elderly. METHODS In a cluster randomised controlled trial (NCT00322166 at ClinicalTrials.gov), 602 residents aged 70 or more (mean age, 86.4 years; 71% female) were recruited from 51 aged care facilities in Northern Sydney, Australia. Participants were randomised by facility to receive either increased sunlight exposure (additional 30-40 min/day in the early morning) with (UV+) or without (UV) calcium supplementation (600 mg/day) or neither (control) for a year. The co-primary endpoints were change in serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and falls incidence after 12 months. RESULTS Adherence to sunlight exposure was low (median adherence, 26%; IQR, 7%-45%). Serum 25OHD levels were low at baseline (median, 32.9 nmol/L) and increased only slightly depending on the number of sunlight sessions attended over 12 months (P = 0.04). During the study, 327 falls occurred in 111 (54%) subjects in the control group, 326 falls in 111 (58%) subjects in the UV only group and 335 falls in 108 (52%) subjects in the UV+ group. By intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant effect of increased UV exposure on falls risk (IRR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.76-1.48; P = 0.73). However, in 66 participants who attended ≥130 sessions per year (adherence, ≥50% of 260 sessions-five per week), falls were significantly reduced (IRR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.88; P = 0.01) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Increased sunlight exposure did not reduce vitamin D deficiency or falls risk in frail older people. This public health strategy was not effective most likely due to poor adherence to the intervention.
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Brady PT, Herrmann M, Lopez JM. Two-fluid confined flow in a cylinder driven by a rotating end wall. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:016308. [PMID: 22400659 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.016308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flow of two immiscible fluids completely filling an enclosed cylinder and driven by the rotation of the bottom end wall is studied numerically. The simulations are in parameter regimes where there is significant advection of angular momentum, i.e., the disk rotation rate is fast compared to the viscous diffusion time. We consider two classes of scenarios. The first consists of cases that are straightforward to reproduce in physical experiments where only the rotation rate and the viscosity ratio of the fluids are varied. Then we isolate different forces acting on the system such as inertia, surface tension, and gravity by studying variations in individual governing parameters. The viscosity ratio determines how quickly the upper fluid equilibriates dynamically to the flow in the lower fluid and plays a major role in determining how vortex lines are bent in the neighborhood of the interface between the two fluids. This in turn determines the structure of the interfacial layer between the two swirling fluids, which is responsible for the flow in the upper fluid. The simulations show that even when there is significant interfacial deformation, both the dynamics and the equilibrium flow are dominated by vortex bending rather than vortex stretching. The simulations show that for the range of immiscible fluids considered, surface tension effects are significant. Increased surface tension reduces the degree to which the interface is deformed and the limit of zero surface tension is not an appropriate approximation.
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VanDevender JP, Cuneo ME, Slutz SA, Herrmann M, Vesey RA, Sinars DB, Seidel DB, Schneider LX, Mikkelson KA, Harper-Slaboszewicz VJ, Peyton BP, Sefkow AB, Matzen MK. Plasma Power Station with Quasi Spherical Direct Drive Capsule for Fusion Yield and Inverse Diode for Driver-Target Coupling. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.13182/fst12-a13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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109
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Herrmann M, Gieschke P, Ruther P, Paul O. Torsional bridge setup for the characterization of integrated circuits and microsensors under mechanical shear stress. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:125002. [PMID: 22225242 DOI: 10.1063/1.3665921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a torsional bridge setup for the electro-mechanical characterization of devices integrated in the surface of silicon beams under mechanical in-plane shear stress. It is based on the application of a torsional moment to the longitudinal axis of the silicon beams, which results in a homogeneous in-plane shear stress in the beam surface. The safely applicable shear stresses span the range of ±50 MPa. Thanks to a specially designed clamping mechanism, the unintended normal stress typically stays below 2.5% of the applied shear stress. An analytical model is presented to compute the induced shear stress. Numerical computations verify the analytical results and show that the homogeneity of the shear stress is very high on the beam surface in the region of interest. Measurements with piezoresistive microsensors fabricated using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process show an excellent agreement with both the computational results and comparative measurements performed on a four-point bending bridge. The electrical connection to the silicon beam is performed with standard bond wires. This ensures that minimal forces are applied to the beam by the electrical interconnection to the external instrumentation and that devices with arbitrary bond pad layout can be inserted into the setup.
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Veith NT, Bischoff M, Müller LV, Laschke MW, Schramm R, Roller J, Herrmann M, Menger MD, Tschernig T. Intrapulmonale Makrophagen/Bakterien-Interaktion in vivo – ein intravitalmikroskopischer Ansatz. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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111
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Hermes J, Jansen A, Geipel U, Herrmann M, von Müller L, Haber M, Jung W, Thomé-Granz S, Eckmanns T. [Multi-dose packaging of drugs as the causative vehicle for multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae: new results from a case-control study]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2011; 73:778-83. [PMID: 22113386 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Hospital hygiene faces cross-cutting and methodological challenges that are time consuming and require specialised knowledge. In outbreak situations German federal states can request assistance from infectious disease epidemiologists at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI). The presented study describes the successful collaboration of local hygienists, microbiologists, clinicians, health authorities and the epidemiologists of the RKI in the investigation of an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter (E.) cloacae in 2009 in a children's hospital. The outbreak was discovered in July 2009 when E. cloacae was detected in 12 patients in the neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit (NICU). Hygiene measures were intensified for infection control, and the RKI was invited by the responsible regional health authorities in October 2009 to assist in the outbreak investigation. We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study to identify risk factors for E. cloacae colonisation and infection. We identified a case as any child in the NICU from 1st May to 5th October 2009 with laboratory confirmation of the outbreak clone. Controls were patients staying in the NICU (> 72 h before the case's diagnosis) and swab-negative for the outbreak clone. We used standardised questionnaires to collect demographic and medical information. Matched odds ratios (mOR) were calculated by bivariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Environmental investigations were conducted. We identified 28 colonised and 3 bacteraemic cases. 29 matched case-control pairs were included in the study. Multivariable analysis revealed an association between E. cloacae diagnosis and the receipt of oral drugs at the bed-side from multidose packaging (mOR=1.8/drug; p=0.006). No specific drug was identified; microbiological investigation of drugs was negative. This multiresistant E. cloacae outbreak was most likely distributed by oral application using contaminated multidose drug packaging extrinsically contaminated via hands of personnel. No further cases occurred for 6 weeks after protocols for handling oral drugs were changed (smaller packaging, patient-based storage, and limited circulation time). Special attention and thorough hygiene protocols are needed for the distribution of oral medication. In NICUs the use of multi-dose medications should be avoided. The cooperation between locally available expertise and infectious disease epidemiologists enabled the discovery of a previously unidentified risk factor.
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Ehrenreich H, Kästner A, Weissenborn K, Streeter J, Sperling S, Wang KK, Worthmann H, Hayes RL, von Ahsen N, Kastrup A, Jeromin A, Herrmann M. Circulating damage marker profiles support a neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin in ischemic stroke patients. Mol Med 2011; 17:1306-10. [PMID: 21912808 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The German Multicenter EPO Stroke Trial, which investigated safety and efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment in ischemic stroke, was formally declared a negative study. Exploratory subgroup analysis, however, revealed that patients not receiving thrombolysis most likely benefited from EPO during clinical recovery, a result demonstrated in the findings of the Göttingen EPO Stroke Study. The present work investigated whether the positive signal on clinical outcome in this patient subgroup was mirrored by respective poststroke biomarker profiles. All patients of the German Multicenter EPO Stroke Trial nonqualifying for thrombolysis were included if they (a) were treated per protocol and (b) had at least two of the five follow-up blood samples for circulating damage markers drawn (n = 163). The glial markers S100B and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and the neuronal marker ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum on d 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 poststroke. All biomarkers increased poststroke. Overall, EPO-treated patients had significantly lower concentrations (area under the curve) over 7 d of observation, as reflected by the composite score of all three markers (Cronbach α = 0.811) and by UCH-L1. S100B and GFAP showed a similar tendency. To conclude, serum biomarker profiles, as an outcome measure of brain damage, corroborate an advantageous effect of EPO in ischemic stroke. In particular, reduction in the neuronal damage marker UCH-L1 may reflect neuroprotection by EPO.
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Frühholz S, Trautmann-Lengsfeld SA, Herrmann M. Contextual interference processing during fast categorisations of facial expressions. Cogn Emot 2011; 25:1045-73. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2010.516905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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114
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Fehr T, Wallace GL, Erhard P, Herrmann M. The neural architecture of expert calendar calculation: a matter of strategy? Neurocase 2011; 17:360-71. [PMID: 21547846 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2010.532135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Savants and prodigies are individuals with exceptional skills in particular mental domains. In the present study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine neural correlates of calendar calculation in two individuals, a savant with Asperger's disorder and a self-taught mathematical prodigy. If there is a modular neural organization of exceptional performance in a specific mental domain, calendar calculation should be reflected in a considerable overlap in the recruitment of brain circuits across expert individuals. However, considerable individual differences in activation patterns during calendar calculation were noted. The present results indicate that activation patterns produced by complex mental processing, such as calendar calculation, seem to be influenced strongly by learning history and idiosyncratic strategy usage rather than a modular neural organization. Thus, well-known individual differences in complex cognition play a major role even in experts with exceptional abilities in a particular mental domain and should in particular be considered when examining the neural architecture of complex mental processes and skills.
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Rohbeck N, Menna M, Somers J, Couland M, Herrmann M, Lippmann W. Chemical interaction of yttrium aluminosilicate glass with CeO2, UO2 and PuO2 at high temperatures. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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116
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Frühholz S, Jellinghaus A, Herrmann M. Time course of implicit processing and explicit processing of emotional faces and emotional words. Biol Psychol 2011; 87:265-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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117
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Eckmanns T, Jansen A, Geipel U, Herrmann M, Müller LV, Jung W, Haber M, Thomé-Granz S, Hermes J. Ein Enterobacterausbruch auf einer neonatologischen Intensivstation. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1274410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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118
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Hiendleder S, Herrmann M, Waßmuth R. Mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and growth performance of lambs. II. Oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation. J Anim Breed Genet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1995.tb00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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119
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Schorn C, Strysio M, Janko C, Springer E, Munoz LE, Schett G, Herrmann M. MSU, the adjuvans of dying cells activates the NALP3 inflammasome by sodium overload. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149096.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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120
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Schorn C, Frey B, Janko C, Munoz LE, Naschberger E, Herrmann M. Formation of gouty tophi is initiated by extranuclear DNA. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149096.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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121
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Uderhardt S, Herrmann M, Oskolikova O, Aschermann S, Frey B, Voll R, Nimmerjahn F, Bochkov VN, Schett G, Kronke G. 12/15-lipoxygenase orchestrates the clearance of apoptotic cells and maintains immunological tolerance. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148973.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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122
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Munoz LE, Siebig S, Janko C, Gaipl US, Schett G, Herrmann M. Secondarily necrotic cell-derived material (SNEC) causes systemic inflammation in sle by exposing autoantigens for immune complex formation. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149096.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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123
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Kollmar R, Herrmann M, Stöckl T, Weinzierl U, Schwab S, Kornhuber J, Kalb R. Significant decreases of circulating endothelial cells but no changes of endothelial progenitor cells or mesenchymal stem cells during antidepressant treatment. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveWe examined leukocyte numbers, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+, CD133+), circulating mesenychmal stem cells (CD105+) and circulating endothelial cells (CD146+) at the beginning, after 4 weeks and at the end of an inpatient antidepressant treatment.Methods24 insufficiently pretreated inpatients with major depression were included. At admission, after four weeks and at demission blood samples were obtained, and cell numbers were counted by flow cytometric analysis (FACS). At each examination the severity of the depression was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We were especially interested in the changes of cell numbers during the antidepressant treatment. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 14.0.ResultsThe mean BDI score fell from 34 ± 7 at the beginning to 26.5 ± 6.6 after four weeks and 13.5 ± 5.7 at demission. The longer the overall duration of the depressive illness, the higher the number of leukocytes at admission (P < 0.0001). The lower the depression score at demission, the lower the final number of leukocytes (P < 0.001). During the antidepressant treatment the BDI depression score improved significantly (P < 0.0001). The number of CD146+ cells showed a significant decrease (P < 0.006). We did not find any significant changes of circulating CD34+, CD105+, or CD133+ cells during the antidepressant treatment.ConclusionsThe leukocyte results suggest an activation of the immune system in major depression and a deactivation due to antidepressant treatment.
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Herrmann M, Michl M, Kohlhäufl M. Pulmonale Toxizität eines weit verbreiteten Antibiotikums. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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125
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Weiss EM, Meister S, Janko C, Ebel N, Schlücker E, Meyer-Pittroff R, Fietkau R, Herrmann M, Gaipl US, Frey B. High hydrostatic pressure treatment generates inactivated mammalian tumor cells with immunogeneic features. J Immunotoxicol 2011; 7:194-204. [PMID: 20205624 DOI: 10.3109/15476911003657414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the classical therapies for solid tumors have limitations in achieving long-lasting anti-tumor responses. Therefore, treatment of cancer requires additional and multimodal therapeutic strategies. One option is based on the vaccination of cancer patients with autologous inactivated intact tumor cells. The master requirements of cell-based therapeutic tumor vaccines are the: (a) complete inactivation of the tumor cells; (b) preservation of their immunogenicity; and (c) need to remain in accordance with statutory provisions. Physical treatments like freeze-thawing and chemotherapeutics are currently used to inactivate tumor cells for vaccination purposes, but these techniques have methodological, therapeutic, or legal restrictions. For this reason, we have proposed the use of a high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment (p >or= 100 MPa) as an alternative method for the inactivation of tumor cells. HHP is a technique that has been known for more than 100 years to successfully inactivate micro-organisms and to alter biomolecules. In the studies here, we show that the treatment of MCF7, B16-F10, and CT26 tumor cells with HHP >or= 300 MPa results in mainly necrotic tumor cell death forms displaying degraded DNA. Only CT26 cells yielded a notable amount of apoptotic cells after the application of HHP. All tumor cells treated with >or= 200 MPa lost their ability to form colonies in vitro. Furthermore, the pressure-inactivated cells retained their immunogenicity, as tested in a xenogeneic as well as syngeneic mouse models. We conclude that the complete tumor cell inactivation, the degradation of the cell's nuclei, and the retention of the immunogeneic potential of these dead tumor cells induced by HHP favor the use of this technique as a powerful and low-cost technique for the inactivation of tumor cells to be used as a vaccine.
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