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Nicolaides A, Fareed J, Kakkar AK, Comerota AJ, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Myers K, Samama M, Fletcher J, Kalodiki E, Bergqvist D, Bonnar J, Caprini JA, Carter C, Conard J, Eklof B, Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Geroulakos G, Giannoukas A, Greer I, Griffin M, Kakkos S, Lassen MR, Lowe GDO, Markel A, Prandoni P, Raskob G, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Walenga JM, Warwick D. The Problem and the Need for Prevention. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 19:121-2. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029612474840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nicolaides A, Fareed J, Kakkar AK, Comerota AJ, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Myers K, Samama M, Fletcher J, Kalodiki E, Bergqvist D, Bonnar J, Caprini JA, Carter C, Conard J, Eklof B, Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Geroulakos G, Giannoukas A, Greer I, Griffin M, Kakkos S, Lassen MR, Lowe GDO, Markel A, Prandoni P, Raskob G, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Walenga JM, Warwick D. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 19:208-13. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029612474840s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nicolaides A, Fareed J, Kakkar AK, Comerota AJ, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Myers K, Samama M, Fletcher J, Kalodiki E, Bergqvist D, Bonnar J, Caprini JA, Carter C, Conard J, Eklof B, Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Geroulakos G, Giannoukas A, Greer I, Griffin M, Kakkos S, Lassen MR, Lowe GDO, Markel A, Prandoni P, Raskob G, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Walenga JM, Warwick D. Diagnosis and Anticoagulant Treatment. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 19:187-98. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029612474840n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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105
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Nicolaides A, Fareed J, Kakkar AK, Comerota AJ, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Myers K, Samama M, Fletcher J, Kalodiki E, Bergqvist D, Bonnar J, Caprini JA, Carter C, Conard J, Eklof B, Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Geroulakos G, Giannoukas A, Greer I, Griffin M, Kakkos S, Lassen MR, Lowe GDO, Markel A, Prandoni P, Raskob G, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Walenga JM, Warwick D. Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 19:116-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029612474840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nicolaides A, Fareed J, Kakkar AK, Comerota AJ, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Myers K, Samama M, Fletcher J, Kalodiki E, Bergqvist D, Bonnar J, Caprini JA, Carter C, Conard J, Eklof B, Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Geroulakos G, Giannoukas A, Greer I, Griffin M, Kakkos S, Lassen MR, Lowe GDO, Markel A, Prandoni P, Raskob G, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Walenga JM, Warwick D. Thrombolytic Therapy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 19:198-204. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029612474840o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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107
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Nicolaides A, Fareed J, Kakkar AK, Comerota AJ, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Myers K, Samama M, Fletcher J, Kalodiki E, Bergqvist D, Bonnar J, Caprini JA, Carter C, Conard J, Eklof B, Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Geroulakos G, Giannoukas A, Greer I, Griffin M, Kakkos S, Lassen MR, Lowe GDO, Markel A, Prandoni P, Raskob G, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Walenga JM, Warwick D. Surgical Thrombectomy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 19:205-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029612474840q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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108
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O'Connor R, Mannix M, Mullen J, Powys L, Mannion M, Nolan HA, Kearney E, Cullen W, Griffin M, Saunders J. Structured care of diabetes in general practice: a qualitative study of the barriers and facilitators. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 106:77-80. [PMID: 23951976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored general practitioner's and practice nurse's perceptions of barriers and facilitators to the proposed transfer of diabetes care to general practice. Qualitative data were collected through five focus groups. Participants included GPs (n = 55) and practice nurses (n = 11) representing urban (44%), rural (29%) and mixed (27%) practices, in the Irish Mid-West region. Barriers and facilitators were mentioned 631 times (100%). Barriers were mentioned 461 times (73%), facilitators 170 times (27%). The most frequently identified barriers were lack of financial incentive (119/631; 19%), lack of access to secondary resources (93/631; 15%), lack of staff and increased workload (59/631; 9%) and time constraints (52/631; 8%). Identified facilitators were access to secondary care (49/631;7.8%), the holistic nature of general practice and continuity of care (48/631;7.6%). Although many are enthusiastic, there remains significant reluctance among GPs and practice nurses to take responsibility for diabetes care without addressing these barriers.
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O'Regan A, Culhane A, Dunne C, Griffin M, Meagher D, McGrath D, O'Dwyer P, Cullen W. Towards vertical integration in general practice education: literature review and discussion paper. Ir J Med Sci 2012; 182:319-24. [PMID: 23266908 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-012-0893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical education policy in Ireland has enabled an increase in undergraduate and postgraduate education activity in general practice. Internationally, 'vertical integration in general practice education' is suggested as a key strategy to support the implementation of this policy development. AIMS To review the emerging literature on vertical integration in GP education, specifically to define the concept of 'vertical integration' with regard to education in general practice and to describe its benefits and challenges. METHODS We searched 'Pubmed', 'Academic Search Complete', 'Google', and 'MEDLINE' databases using multiple terms related to 'vertical integration' and 'general practice education' for relevant articles published since 2001. Discussion papers, reports, policy documents and position statements were identified from reference lists and retrieved through internet searches. RESULTS The key components of 'vertical integration' in GP education include continuous educational pathway, all stages in GP education, supporting the continuing educational/professional development needs of learners at each stage and effective curriculum planning and delivery. Many benefits (for GPs, learners and the community) and many challenges (for GPs/practices, learners and GPs in training) have been described. Characteristics of successful implementation include role sharing and collaborative organisational structures. CONCLUSIONS Recent developments in medical education in Ireland, such as the increase in medical school clinical placements in general practice and postgraduate GP training and the introduction of new competence assurance requirements offer an important opportunity to further inform how vertical integration can support increased educational activity in general practice. Describing this model, recognising its benefits and challenges and supporting its implementation in practice are priorities for medical education in Ireland.
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Opachich YP, Kalantar DH, MacPhee AG, Holder JP, Kimbrough JR, Bell PM, Bradley DK, Hatch B, Brienza-Larsen G, Brown C, Brown CG, Browning D, Charest M, Dewald EL, Griffin M, Guidry B, Haugh MJ, Hicks DG, Homoelle D, Lee JJ, Mackinnon AJ, Mead A, Palmer N, Perfect BH, Ross JS, Silbernagel C, Landen O. High performance imaging streak camera for the National Ignition Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:125105. [PMID: 23278024 DOI: 10.1063/1.4769753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An x-ray streak camera platform has been characterized and implemented for use at the National Ignition Facility. The camera has been modified to meet the experiment requirements of the National Ignition Campaign and to perform reliably in conditions that produce high electromagnetic interference. A train of temporal ultra-violet timing markers has been added to the diagnostic in order to calibrate the temporal axis of the instrument and the detector efficiency of the streak camera was improved by using a CsI photocathode. The performance of the streak camera has been characterized and is summarized in this paper. The detector efficiency and cathode measurements are also presented.
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111
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Egerton S, Griffin M. Providing low costs physical activity and healthy lifestyle activities for our Logan community–Active Logan and Healthy Logan. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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112
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Griffin M, Malahias M, Khan W, Hindocha S. Update on the management of open lower limb fractures. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:571-7. [PMID: 23248730 PMCID: PMC3522114 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Open lower limb fractures pose a significant challenging pathology for orthopaedic and plastic surgeons to manage due to the combined soft tissue damage, bone loss and potential vascular compromise. These fracture require extensive team-work and expertise between several surgical specialties and the advice of non-surgical specialties to ensure good clinical outcomes. Extensive research has improved the outcomes of open lower limb fractures and current recommendation on the optimal management is always being updated to enhance patient outcomes. This review serves to provide an overview of the management of open tibial fractures using current evidence and recently updated UK guidelines. The optimal time for surgical debridement, surgical intervention, providing antibiotics and soft tissue coverage will be outlined as well as the indications for amputation.
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Griffin M, Malahias M, Hindocha S, Khan W. Update on the management of compound lower limb fractures. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:518-24. [PMID: 23251301 PMCID: PMC3524792 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound lower limb fractures pose a significant challenging pathology for orthopaedic and plastic surgeons to manage due to the combined soft tissue damage, bone injury and potential vascular compromise. These fractures require extensive team-work and expertise between several surgical specialties and the advice of non-surgical specialties, to ensure good clinical outcomes. Extensive research has improved the outcomes of compound lower limb fractures and current recommendation on the optimal management is always being updated to enhance patient outcomes. This review serves to provide an overview of the management of compound tibial fractures using current evidence and recently updated UK guidelines. The optimal time for surgical debridement, surgical intervention, antibiotic regime and soft tissue coverage will be outlined as well as the indications for amputation.
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Okines AFC, Langley RE, Thompson LC, Stenning SP, Stevenson L, Falk S, Seymour M, Coxon F, Middleton GW, Smith D, Evans L, Slater S, Waters J, Ford D, Hall M, Iveson TJ, Petty RD, Plummer C, Allum WH, Blazeby JM, Griffin M, Cunningham D. Bevacizumab with peri-operative epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine (ECX) in localised gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a safety report. Ann Oncol 2012; 24:702-9. [PMID: 23108952 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-operative chemotherapy and surgery is a standard treatment of localised oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma; however, the outcomes remain poor. PATIENTS AND METHODS ST03 is a multicentre, randomised, phase II/III study comparing peri-operative ECX with or without bevacizumab (ECX-B). The primary outcome measure of phase II (n = 200) was safety, specifically gastrointestinal (GI) perforation rates and cardiotoxicity. RESULTS Two hundred patients were randomised between October 2007 and April 2010. Ninety-one/101 (90%) ECX and 86/99 (87%) ECX-B patients completed pre-operative chemotherapy; 7 ECX and 9 ECX-B patients stopped due to toxicity. Gastrointestinal perforations (3 ECX, 1 ECX-B), cardiac events (1 ECX, 4 ECX-B) and venous thromboembolic events (VTEs, 8 ECX, 7 ECX-B) were uncommon. Arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs, myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebrovascular accident) were more frequent with ECX-B (5 versus 1 with ECX). Delayed wound healing, anastomotic leaks and GI bleeding rates were similar. More asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) falls (≥15% and/or to <50%) occurred with ECX-B (21.2% versus 11.1% with ECX). Clinically significant falls (≥10% to below lower limit of normal, LLN) occurred in (15.3%) and (8.9%) respectively, with no associated cardiac failure (median 22 months follow-up). CONCLUSIONS Addition of bevacizumab to peri-operative ECX chemotherapy is feasible with acceptable toxicity and no negative impact on surgical outcomes.
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Munster P, van der Noll R, Voest E, Specht J, Werner T, Dees E, Tan A, Daud A, Schellens J, Lolkema M, Griffin M, Agarwal N, Falchook G, Kleha J, Durante M, Smith D, Adams L, Greshock J, Morris S, Kurzrock R. PI3K Kinase Inhibitor GSK2126458 (GSK458): Clinical Activity in Select Patient (PT) Populations Defined by Predictive Markers (STUDY P3K112826). Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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116
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Peach G, Griffin M, Jones KG, Thompson MM, Hinchliffe RJ. Diagnosis and management of peripheral arterial disease. BMJ 2012; 345:e5208. [PMID: 22893640 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chappell L, Duckworth S, Griffin M, Tarft H, Seed P, Redman C, Shennan A. OS100. Plasma placental growth factor (PLGF) measurement in women presenting with suspected pre-eclampsia: the pelican study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:233-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Page MJ, Symeonidis M, Vieira JD, Altieri B, Amblard A, Arumugam V, Aussel H, Babbedge T, Blain A, Bock J, Boselli A, Buat V, Castro-Rodríguez N, Cava A, Chanial P, Clements DL, Conley A, Conversi L, Cooray A, Dowell CD, Dubois EN, Dunlop JS, Dwek E, Dye S, Eales S, Elbaz D, Farrah D, Fox M, Franceschini A, Gear W, Glenn J, Griffin M, Halpern M, Hatziminaoglou E, Ibar E, Isaak K, Ivison RJ, Lagache G, Levenson L, Lu N, Madden S, Maffei B, Mainetti G, Marchetti L, Nguyen HT, O’Halloran B, Oliver SJ, Omont A, Panuzzo P, Papageorgiou A, Pearson CP, Pérez-Fournon I, Pohlen M, Rawlings JI, Rigopoulou D, Riguccini L, Rizzo D, Rodighiero G, Roseboom IG, Rowan-Robinson M, Portal MS, Schulz B, Scott D, Seymour N, Shupe DL, Smith AJ, Stevens JA, Trichas M, Tugwell KE, Vaccari M, Valtchanov I, Viero M, Vigroux L, Wang L, Ward R, Wright G, Xu CK, Zemcov M. The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei. Nature 2012; 485:213-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Griffin M, Hindocha S, Jordan D, Saleh M, Khan W. Management of extensor tendon injuries. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:36-42. [PMID: 22431949 PMCID: PMC3293224 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensor tendon injuries are very common injuries, which inappropriately treated can cause severe lasting impairment for the patient. Assessment and management of flexor tendon injuries has been widely reviewed, unlike extensor injuries. It is clear from the literature that extensor tendon repair should be undertaken immediately but the exact approach depends on the extensor zone. Zone I injuries otherwise known as mallet injuries are often closed and treated with immobilisaton and conservative management where possible. Zone II injuries are again conservatively managed with splinting. Closed Zone III or ‘boutonniere’ injuries are managed conservatively unless there is evidence of displaced avulsion fractures at the base of the middle phalanx, axial and lateral instability of the PIPJ associated with loss of active or passive extension of the joint or failed non-operative treatment. Open zone III injuries are often treated surgically unless splinting enable the tendons to come together. Zone V injuries, are human bites until proven otherwise requires primary tendon repair after irrigation. Zone VI injuries are close to the thin paratendon and thin subcutaneous tissue which strong core type sutures and then splinting should be placed in extension for 4-6 weeks. Complete lacerations to zone IV and VII involve surgical primary repair followed by 6 weeks of splinting in extension. Zone VIII require multiple figure of eight sutures to repair the muscle bellies and static immobilisation of the wrist in 45 degrees of extension. To date there is little literature documenting the quality of repairing extensor tendon injuries however loss of flexion due to extensor tendon shortening, loss of flexion and extension resulting from adhesions and weakened grip can occur after surgery. This review aims to provide a systematic examination method for assessing extensor injuries, presentation and management of all type of extensor tendon injuries as well as guidance on mobilisation pre and post surgery.
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Mafi P, Mafi R, Hindocha S, Griffin M, Khan W. A systematic review of dynamometry and its role in hand trauma assessment. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:95-102. [PMID: 22423305 PMCID: PMC3296111 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamometer was developed by American neurologists and came into general use in the late 19th century. It is still used in various ways as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical settings. In this systematic review we assessed in detail the different uses of dynamometry, its reliability, different dynamometers used and the influence of rater experience by bringing together and evaluating all published literature in this field. It was found that dynamometry is applied in a wide range of medical conditions. Furthermore, the great majority of studies reported acceptable to high reliability of dynamometry. Jamar mechanical dynamometer was used most often in the studies reviewed. There were mixed results concerning the effect of rater experience. The factors influencing the results of dynamometry were identified as age, gender, body weight, grip strength, BMI, non/dominant hand, assessing upper/lower limbs, rater and patient’s strength and the distance from the joint where the dynamometer is placed. This review provides an understanding of the relevance and significance of dynamometry which should serve as a starting point to guide its use in hand trauma assessment. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that hand dynamometry has a great potential, and could be used more often in clinical practice.
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Griffin M, Hindocha S, Jordan D, Saleh M, Khan W. An overview of the management of flexor tendon injuries. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:28-35. [PMID: 22431948 PMCID: PMC3293389 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexor tendon injuries still remain a challenging condition to manage to ensure optimal outcome for the patient. Since the first flexor tendon repair was described by Kirchmayr in 1917, several approaches to flexor tendon injury have enabled successful repairs rates of 70-90%. Primary surgical repair results in better functional outcome compared to secondary repair or tendon graft surgery. Flexor tendon injury repair has been extensively researched and the literature demonstrates successful repair requires minimal gapping at the repair site or interference with tendon vascularity, secure suture knots, smooth junction of tendon end and having sufficient strength for healing. However, the exact surgical approach to achieve success being currently used among surgeons is still controversial. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the results of studies demonstrating the current knowledge regarding the optimal approach for flexor tendon repair. Post-operative rehabilitation for flexor tendon surgery is another area, which has caused extensive debate in hand surgery. The trend to more active mobilisation protocols seems to be favoured but further study in this area is needed to find the protocol, which achieves function and gliding but avoids rupture of the tendons. Lastly despite success following surgery complications commonly still occur post surgery, including adhesion formation, tendon rupture and stiffness of the joints. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the appropriate management of these difficulties post surgery. New techniques in management of flexor tendon will also be discussed including external laser devices, addition of growth factors and cytokines.
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Badarau E, Collighan RJ, Griffin M. Recent advances in the development of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) inhibitors. Amino Acids 2011; 44:119-27. [PMID: 22160259 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme and probably the most ubiquitously expressed member of the mammalian transglutaminase family. TG2 plays a number of important roles in a variety of biological processes. Via its transamidating function, it is responsible for the cross-linking of proteins by forming isopeptide bonds between glutamine and lysine residues. Intracellularly, Ca(2+) activation of the enzyme is normally tightly regulated by the binding of GTP. However, upregulated levels of TG2 are associated with many disease states like celiac sprue, certain types of cancer, fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Selective inhibitors for TG2 both cell penetrating and non-cell penetrating would therefore serve as novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of these disease states. Moreover, they would provide useful tools to fully elucidate the cellular mechanisms TG2 is involved in and help comprehend how the enzyme is regulated at the cellular level. The current paper is intended to give an update on the recently discovered classes of TG2 inhibitors along with their structure-activity relationships. The biological properties of these derivatives, in terms of both activity and selectivity, will also be reported in order to translate their potential for future therapeutic developments.
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Wiseman T, DeBerker D, Miller C, Griffin M, Richardson A. 4218 POSTER Introducing Volunteers Into Chemotherapy Day Units: a Mixed Method Evaluation. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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124
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Khaled EG, Saleh M, Hindocha S, Griffin M, Khan WS. Tissue engineering for bone production- stem cells, gene therapy and scaffolds. Open Orthop J 2011; 5 Suppl 2:289-95. [PMID: 21886695 PMCID: PMC3149819 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001105010289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A bone graft has been the gold standard treatment for repairing bone defects. However, due to bone grafts associated donor site morbidity several alternative bone substitutes options have been made available but with their added expense and limited osteoinductive properties they are not ideal. Therefore, research has begun in tissue engineering to investigate stem cells, which are one of the body’s own mechanisms used to repair bone. Stem cells are clonogenic undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal. Readily available from numerous of sources stem cells have the potential to differentiate in osteoblasts and chrondrocytes showing capability to repair both bone and cartilage. The known immunologic properties of stem cells further enhance their therapeutic appeal. Stem cells have shown to be excellent carriers for gene transfer having the capability to be transduced. Gene transfer could enable growth factors and bone morphogentic proteins to enhance bone repair. Stem cells are implanted onto scaffolds, which are structures capable of supporting tissue formation by allowing cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Research aims to produce scaffolds that deliver and retain cells, allow for cell attachment has adequate biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity. However, having tried and testing numerous materials including synthetic and natural products research into the perfect scaffold product continues. This review aims to explain how stem cells were discovered, the techniques used to isolate stem cells, identify and manipulate them down different cell lineages and discuss the research into using stem cells to reconstruct bone using genetic modification and scaffolds.
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Mafi R, Hindocha S, Mafi P, Griffin M, Khan WS. Sources of adult mesenchymal stem cells applicable for musculoskeletal applications - a systematic review of the literature. Open Orthop J 2011; 5 Suppl 2:242-8. [PMID: 21886689 PMCID: PMC3149887 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001105010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first discovered by Friedenstein and his colleagues in 1976 from bone marrow. The unique property of these cells was their potential to develop into fibroblastic colony forming cells. Since Friedenstein’s discovery of these cells the interest in adult MSCs has been progressively growing. Nowadays MSCs are defined as undeveloped biological cells capable of proliferation, self renewal and regenerating tissues. All these properties of MSCs have been discovered in the past 35 years. MSCs can play a crucial role in tissue engineering, organogenesis, gene therapy, transplants as well as tissue injuries. These cells were mainly extracted from bone marrow but there have been additional sources for MSCs discovered in the laboratories including: muscle, dermis, trabecular bone, adipose tissue, periosteum, pericyte, blood, synovial membrane and so forth. The discovery of the alternative sources of MSCs helps widen the application of these cells in different areas of medicine. By way of illustration, they can be used in various therapeutic purposes such as tissue regeneration and repair in musculoskeletal diseases including osteonecrosis of femoral head, stimulating growth in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, disc regeneration, osteoarthritis and duchenne muscular dystrophy. In order to fully comprehend the characteristics and potential of MSCs future studies in this field are essential.
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