Rhodium nanoparticles stabilized by ferrocenyl-phosphine ligands: synthesis and catalytic styrene hydrogenation

A series of ferrocenylphosphine-stabilized rhodium nanoparticles has been prepared in one pot from the organometallic [Rh(η3-C3H5)3] precursor. This complex has been decomposed by hydrogen treatment (3 bar) in dichloromethane in the presence of five different ferrocene-based phosphine ligands. Very small rhodium nanoparticles in the size range of 1.1-1.7 nm have been obtained. These nanoparticles have shown activity in a model catalytic reaction, namely the hydrogenation of styrene. These results evidence that the metal surface is not blocked despite the steric bulk of the stabilizing ligands. Moreover, certain selectivity has been observed depending on the ligand employed. To the best of our knowledge, such a type of compound has not yet been used for stabilizing metal nanoparticles and our findings highlight the interest to do so.

Oral Verruciform Xanthoma of lateral border of tongue - a sheep in wolf's clothing

Oral Verruciform Xanthoma (OVX) is an uncommon benign lesion of the oral cavity. Most authors consider it to develop as a response to chronic local irritation. It usually presents as a pink, yellow or greyish flat mass occurring on the gingiva, alveolar ridge or hard palate. This paper reports to you the management of a case of Oral Verruciform Xanthoma occurring on the latero-ventral border of the tongue in a young male patient, which is a rare location for this lesion. It goes on to discuss the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of this rare lesion and emphasizes the importance of having a broad knowledge of oral pathologic lesions especially for lesions that resemble malignant or pre-malignant pathologies in the oral cavity.

Use of Stimulan absorbable calcium sulphate beads in revision lower limb arthroplasty: Safety profile and complication rates

Aims

Calcium sulphate has traditionally been used as a filler of dead space arising during surgery. Various complications have been described following the use of Stimulan bio-absorbable calcium sulphate beads. This study is a prospective observational study to assess the safety profile of these beads when used in revision arthroplasty, comparing the complication rates with those reported in the literature.

Methods

A total of 755 patients who underwent 456 revision total knee arthroplasties (TKA) and 299 revision total hip arthroplasties (THA), with a mean follow-up of 35 months (0 to 78) were included in the study.

Results

A total of 32 patients (4.2%) had wound drainage, and this was higher with higher bead volumes and in McPherson grade C patients. There was also a significantly higher bead volume in the 41 patients who developed hypercalcaemia, two of which were symptomatic (p < 0.0001). A total of 13 patients (1.7%) had heterotopic ossification (HO). There was no statistically significant relationship between the development of HO and bead volume (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The strength of this study lies in the large number of patients and the detailed data collection, making it the most comprehensive report available in the literature on the use of calcium sulphate-based bone substitutes.Cite this article: R. Kallala, W. Edwin Harris, M. Ibrahim, M. Dipane, E. McPherson. Use of Stimulan absorbable calcium sulphate beads in revision lower limb arthroplasty: Safety profile and complication rates. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:570-579. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.710.BJR-2017-0319.R1.

Differential expression of CYP2j2 gene and protein in Camelus dromedarius

CYP2J2 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. It had been described in different mammalian species; however, no studies have described this gene in Camelus dromedarius. CYP2J2 is an epoxygenase enzyme which oxidizes various fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid, via NADPH-dependent epoxidation to generate epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). It is a multi-functional enzyme that plays crucial roles in inflammation, cancer, drug metabolism, and embryo development. It controls the water re-absorption in the kidney and maintains the blood pressure and glucose homeostasis. This study is considered the first report investigating the differential expression profiles of the CYP2J2 mRNA and protein in the liver, heart, and kidney of Camelus dromedarius. A total of 30 samples were used to determine the expression of both CYP2J2 mRNA and protein using qRT-PCR and western blotting methods, respectively. The mRNA level of CYP2J2 was significantly elevated in the liver compared to that in the heart and kidney. The tissue distribution of the CYP2J2 protein was coherent to its transcript level in the kidney, but not in the liver and heart samples. The difference between the CYP2J2 mRNA and protein distributions in the three studied organs may be attributed to the mechanism by which the CYP2J2 might be involved in the adaptability of the camel to the arid environment.

Perceptions of vascular access for intravenous systemic therapy and risk factors for lymphedema in early-stage breast cancer-a patient survey

Background

The choice of vascular access for systemic therapy administration in breast cancer remains an area of clinical equipoise, and patient preference is not consistently acknowledged. Using a patient survey, we evaluated the patient experience with vascular access during treatment for early-stage breast cancer and explored perceived risk factors for lymphedema.

Methods

Patients who had received systemic therapy for early-stage breast cancer were surveyed at 2 Canadian cancer centres.

Results

Responses were received from 187 patients (94%). The route of vascular access was peripheral intravenous line (IV) in 24%, a peripherally inserted central catheter (picc) in 42%, and a surgically inserted central catheter (port) in 34%. Anthracycline-based regimens were associated with a greater use of central vascular access devices (cvads- that is, a picc or port; 86/97, 89%). Trastuzumab use was associated with greater use of ports (49/64, 77%). Although few patients (7%) reported being involved in the decisions about vascular access, most were satisfied or very satisfied (88%) with their access type. Patient preference centred mainly on avoiding delays in the initiation of chemotherapy. Self-reported rates of complications (183 evaluable responses) were infiltration with peripheral IVs (9/44, 20%), local skin infections with piccs (7/77, 9%), and thrombosis with ports (4/62, 6%). Perceived risk factors for lymphedema included use of the surgical arm for blood draws (117/156, 75%) and blood pressure measurement (115/156, 74%).

Conclusions

Most patients reported being satisfied with the vascular access used for their treatment. Improved education and understanding about the evidence-based requirements for vascular access are needed. Perceived risk factors for lymphedema remain variable and are not evidence-based.

New Developments in Managing Variceal Bleeding

Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver disease, independent of etiology, and is characterized by accumulation of fibrotic tissue and conversion of the normal liver parenchyma into abnormal regenerative nodules. Complications include portal hypertension (PH) with gastroesophageal varices, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, bacteremia, and hypersplenism. The most life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis is acute variceal bleeding (AVB) which is associated with increased mortality that, despite recent progress in management, is still around 20% at 6 weeks. Combined treatment with vasoactive drugs, prophylactic antibiotics, and endoscopic techniques is the recommended standard of care for patients with acute variceal bleeding. There are many promising new modalities including the combination of coil and glue injection for management of bleeding or non-bleeding gastric varices and hemostatic powder application, that requires minimal expertise, when performed early after admission of a cirrhotic patient with AVB and overt hematemesis acting as a bridge therapy till definitive endoscopic therapy can be performed in hemodynamically stable conditions and without acute bleeding.

Neural androgen receptors affect the number of surviving new neurones in the adult dentate gyrus of male mice

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in many mammalian species. In rats, the survival of new neurones within the hippocampus is modulated by the action of androgen via the androgen receptor (AR); however, it is not known whether this holds true in mice. Furthermore, the evidence is mixed regarding whether androgens act in neural tissue or via peripheral non-neural targets to promote new neurone survival in the hippocampus. We evaluated whether the action of androgen via AR underlies the survival of new neurones in mice, and investigated whether increasing AR selectively in neural tissue would increase new neurone survival in the hippocampus. We used the cre-loxP system to overexpress AR only in neural tissues (Nestin-AR). These males were compared with wild-type males, as well as control males with 1 of the 2 mutations required for overexpression. Mice were gonadectomised and injected with the DNA synthesis marker, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and for 37 days (following BrdU injection), mice were treated with oil or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Using immunohistochemistry, proliferation (Ki67) and survival (BrdU) of new neurones were both evaluated in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. Dihydrotestosterone treatment increased the survival of new neurones in the entire hippocampus in wild-type mice and control mice that only have 1 of 2 necessary mutations for transgenic expression. However, DHT treatment did not increase the survival of new neurones in mice that overexpressed AR in neural tissue. Cell proliferation (Ki67) and cell death (pyknotic cells) were not affected by DHT treatment in wild-type or transgenic males. These results suggest that androgens act via neural AR to affect hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting cell survival; however, the relationship between androgen dose and new neurone survival is nonlinear.

High Fat and Sugar Consumption During Ad Libitum Intake Predicts Weight Gain

OBJECTIVE

To determine how macronutrients accompanying foods with high energy density (EnDen) affect energy intake and weight gain.

METHODS

A total of 214 subjects (130 males, BMI: 32 ± 7 kg/m² ) ate ad libitum for 3 days. Food intake was expressed as the mean daily intake (in kilocalories) and the percentage of weight-maintaining energy needs (%WMEN). EnDen was expressed as the ratio of intake (in kilocalories) to food weight (in grams). Food choices were expressed as absolute and percent intake (kilocalories), categorized as high in fat (HF; ≥ 45% kcal) or low in fat (LF; < 20% kcal), and further categorized as high in complex carbohydrates (≥ 30% kcal), high in simple sugars (HSS; ≥ 30% kcal), or high in protein (HP; ≥ 13% kcal). Follow-up weights were available from 99 subjects (65 males, range: 6 months to 11 years).

RESULTS

EnDen was associated with BMI (r = 0.28, P < 0.0001), percent body fat (r = 0.18, P = 0.007), and percent intake from HF/HP (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001), HF/HSS (r = 0.31, P < 0.0001), LF/HP (r = -0.37, P < 0.0001) and LF/HSS (r = -0.68, P < 0.0001). The %WMEN was associated with EnDen (r = 0.16, P = 0.01), HF/HSS (r = 0.33, P < 0.0001), and LF/HP intake (r = -0.25, P = 0.0002). In a multivariate model, only HF/HSS intake remained a significant predictor of %WMEN (β = 1.4% per 1% change, P < 0.0001). The percent intake from HF/HSS (r = 0.23, P = 0.02), not EnDen (P = 0.54), was associated with weight gain, even after adjusting for follow-up time (in years) and covariates.

CONCLUSIONS

Relatively greater consumption of HF/HSS foods independently predicted overeating and weight gain. Nutrient compositions of high-EnDen foods may be important for weight management.

Abstract P3-08-16: ER, PR and HER2 biomarkers in UK and Irish clinical breast cancer testing: analysis of results from &gt;168,000 patients

AIMS

To describe and analyse &gt;168,000 sets of results from clinical breast biomarker testing carried-out between 2009 and 2016 in the UK and Republic of Ireland, focussing on biological relationships. To present robust confirmatory evidence on known associations and provide new data on previously undescribed or unconfirmed ones.

BACKGROUND

Between Jan-2009 and Jan-2016 the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immunocytochemistry and In-situ Hybridisation (UK NEQAS ICC&ISH) collected results on clinical breast cancer testing, comprehensively for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and optionally for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), from most UK and Irish testing centres. Primary objectives were to assess and, where indicated achieve improvements in testing quality. The size and scope of the data-set is unparalleled in the literature and represent a significant reference resource for the breast cancer community.

METHODS

UK NEQAS ICC&ISH created and curated an on-line data-entry system allowing centres to systematically collect their own HER2, ER and PR results from clinical testing; for HER2, immunohistochemical (IHC) and in-situ hybridisation (ISH) data were collected; for ER and PR, IHC results could be entered according to local practise format. Tools and guidance were provided enabling centres to analyse their data for local audit and quality assurance. Clinicopathologic data was also collected, including: patient age at diagnosis, histological tumor type, tumor grade, site/stage (primary, recurrence, metastasis) and sample type (core, excision).

RESULTS

Data are present on 168,793 patients. 173 centres contributed ≥100 entries (96% of total). Median age was 62 years (IQR: 51-72). Tumor type was stated in 42%: 76% were invasive ductal, and 13% invasive lobular carcinoma. Grade was stated in 56%: 15% were Grade 1, 55% Grade 2 and 30% Grade 3. Site/stage was stated in 56%: 92% were primary, 2% recurrent and 6% metastatic. Sample type was stated in 70%: 75% were cores and 25%, excision.

Receptor statuses were available as follows; HER2 (100%): 87% negative, 13% positive; ER (45%): 15% negative, 85% positive; PR (31%): 29% negative, 71% positive.

HER2 data were available as follows; category by IHC: 91%; amplification status by ISH: 15%; HER2 gene/chromosome 17 (CEP17) ratio: 15% (86% of which were IHC 2+); HER2 gene copy number: 7%; CEP17 copy number: 7%.

HER2-positive rate was 24% in ER-negative and 11% in ER-positive cases. HER2-positive status was negatively associated with increasing ER positivity (rho -0.22, P&lt;0.001). 71% of HER2-positive cases were ER-positive and 29% were ER-negative. The HER2 2+ rate was 14% in ER-negative and 21% in ER-positive cases. Considering only IHC 2+ cases, median HER2 copy number was 5.4 in ER-negative and 4.4 in ER-positive disease.

Comprehensive description of significant associations for all parameters will be presented.

CONCLUSION

The unique size and scope of this data-set has allowed confirmation of known associations for HER2, ER and PR with clinicopathologic and biological characteristics in breast cancer to very high confidence levels, and has uncovered previously undescribed relationships in both ER-positive and ER-negative disease.

Citation Format: Dodson A, Parry S, Ibrahim M, Bartlett J, Dowsett M, Miller K. ER, PR and HER2 biomarkers in UK and Irish clinical breast cancer testing: analysis of results from &gt;168,000 patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-16.

Efficacy of external nasal nerve block following nasal surgery : A randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Pain is the major determinant factor which affects the quality of recovery and postoperative agitation following nasal surgery with the patient under general anesthesia. Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that an external nasal nerve block will decrease pain intensity, decrease drug consumption, decrease the incidence of postoperative emergence agitation and improve quality of recovery.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In this study 100 adult patients who were scheduled for elective external nasal surgery with the patient under general anesthesia and nasal packing on each side, received external nasal nerve blocks postoperatively for 24 h with saline (group I) or 2% xylocaine (group II) with 1:200,000 epinephrine. Postoperative pain was measured at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) utilizing a visual analog scale (VAS). Narcotics consumption was also measured. Emergence agitation and quality of recovery were also assessed.

RESULTS

Pain scores were statistically significant between both groups. Requirements of equivalent morphine doses in the PACU were lower in group II (block) than group I (control) with a significant P value <0.001. Group II (block) patients required significantly less intraoperative fentanyl than group I (control) patients (p = 0.001). Group II (block) showed higher scores in pain dimension of QoR-40 in comparison with group I (P <0.001). The incidence of emergence agitation was lower in group II (block) than in group I (control, 24% vs. 48%, P = 0.012).

CONCLUSION

External nasal nerve block is an effective technique for reducing postoperative pain, drug consumption and quality of recovery. It also reduces emergence agitation. The effects are mainly due to profound analgesia and effective pain control that lead to decreased drug usage and reduced discomfort.

Active elimination of radio frequency interference for improved signal-to-noise ratio for in-situ NMR experiments in strong magnetic field gradients

Improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) systems may be achieved either by increasing the signal amplitude or by decreasing the noise. The noise has multiple origins - not all of which are strictly "noise": incoherent thermal noise originating in the probe and pre-amplifiers, probe ring down or acoustic noise and coherent externally broadcast radio frequency transmissions. The last cannot always be shielded in open access experiments. In this paper, we show that pulsed, low radio-frequency data communications are a significant source of broadcast interference. We explore two signal processing methods of de-noising short T₂^∗ NMR experiments corrupted by these communications: Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Results are shown for numerical simulations and experiments conducted under controlled conditions with pseudo radio frequency interference. We show that both the LPC and DWT methods have merit.

Lung ultrasound in early diagnosis of neonatal transient tachypnea and its differentiation from other causes of neonatal respiratory distress

BACKGROUND

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common causes of neonatal respiratory distress (RD). However, distinguishing TTN from other causes of RD may be difficult during the first 12:24 h after birth. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) has been successfully utilized in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neonatal RD. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of LUS for early diagnosis of TTN as well as differentiate it from other causes of neonatal RD in near and full term Egyptian neonates.

METHODS

LUS was performed in 65 near and full term neonates presented with RD within the first 12:24 hours of admission in NICU of Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

RESULTS

Among the 65 neonates included in the study, 73.8% were diagnosed to have TTN, 18.5% were diagnosed to have pneumonia, 4.6% had meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and 3.1% had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The Double lung point has 69.6% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 39.1% NPV for detecting TTN. We have novel data showing a positive correlation between the degree of alveolar-interstitial syndrome (AIS) and the type of oxygen support offered to neonates diagnosed with TTN.

CONCLUSION

We found LUS to be a reliable and non-invasive tool for the early diagnosis of TTN and its differentiation from other causes of neonatal RD in near and full term Egyptian neonates.

S1PR1 drives a feedforward signalling loop to regulate BATF3 and the transcriptional programme of Hodgkin lymphoma cells

The Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are characterised by the aberrant activation of multiple signalling pathways. Here we show that a subset of HL displays altered expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PR)s. S1P activates phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) in these cells that is mediated by the increased expression of S1PR1 and the decreased expression of S1PR2. We also showed that genes regulated by the PI3-K signalling pathway in HL cell lines significantly overlap with the transcriptional programme of primary HRS cells. Genes upregulated by the PI3-K pathway included the basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3 (BATF3), which is normally associated with the development of dendritic cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that BATF3 was expressed in HRS cells of most HL cases. In contrast, in normal lymphoid tissues, BATF3 expression was confined to a small fraction of CD30-positive immunoblasts. Knockdown of BATF3 in HL cell lines revealed that BATF3 contributed to the transcriptional programme of primary HRS cells, including the upregulation of S1PR1. Our data suggest that disruption of this potentially oncogenic feedforward S1P signalling loop could provide novel therapeutic opportunities for patients with HL.