201
|
Gao Y, Yang Y, Rangwala N, Cao M, Low D, Hu P. TU-AB-BRA-07: Distortion-Free 3D Diffusion MRI On An MRI-Guided Radiotherapy System for Longitudinal Tumor Response Assessment. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
202
|
Luo R, Wang J, Zhong H, Gan J, Hu P, Shen L, Hu W, Zhang Z. SU-F-R-33: Can CT and CBCT Be Used Simultaneously for Radiomics Analysis. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
203
|
Yang Y, Cao M, Kamrava M, Low D, Sheng K, Lamb J, Agazaryan N, Thomas D, Hu P. WE-FG-202-11: Longitudinal Diffusion MRI for Treatment Assessment of Sarcoma Patients with Pre-Operative Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
204
|
Hu P, Wang J, Zhong H, Zhou Z, Shen L, Hu W, Zhang Z. SU-D-207B-01: Radiomics Feature Reproducibility From Repeat CT Scans of Patients with Rectal Cancer. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
205
|
Gibson G, Morgan A, Hu P, Lin WF. New insights into electrocatalytic ozone generation via splitting of water over PbO2 electrode: A DFT study. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
206
|
Wang Y, Hu P. SU-F-T-222: Dose of Fetus and Infant Following Accidental Intakes of I-131 by the Mother. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
207
|
Li K, Chang X, Wang J, Hu P, Hu W. SU-F-T-358: Is Auto-Planning Useful for Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy Planning in Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy? Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
208
|
Liu F, Wang XW, Chen L, Hu P, Ren H, Hu HD. Systematic review with meta-analysis: development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:1253-61. [PMID: 27117732 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is considered to be associated with favourable clinical outcomes. However, previous studies with inconsistent findings reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could still develop in those patients. AIM To establish the proportion of HCC occurrence in CHB patients after HBsAg seroclearance, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Databases of Medline, Web of Science and Embase were searched from inception to July 2015. The proportion of patients who developed HCC after HBsAg seroclearance was pooled by a random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were finally included, involving 34 952 patients with HBsAg seroclearance. The overall pooled proportion suggested that 2.29% (95% CI: 1.19-4.37%) CHB patients would develop HCC despite HBsAg seroclearance. In HBsAg seroclearance patients without cirrhosis and HCV co-infection, the pooled proportion of HCC development was 1.55% (95% CI: 0.92-2.61%). Moreover, patients with cirrhosis or age greater than 50 years at the time of HBsAg seroclearance were at significantly higher risk for HCC development. Nonetheless, the seroclearance of HBsAg was significantly associated with a reduced risk for HCC compared with persistently positive HBsAg (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20-0.56, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Despite that HBsAg seroclearance can significantly reduce the risk for HCC, HCC can still develop in a proportion of CHB patient after HBsAg seroclearance. Closer attention should be paid to those patients with established cirrhosis or older age than 50 years at the time of HBsAg seroclearance.
Collapse
|
209
|
Gan J, Wang J, Zhong H, Luo R, Zhou Z, Hu P, Shen L, Zhang Z. MO-DE-207B-09: A Consistent Test for Radiomics Softwares. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
210
|
Finn JP, Nguyen KL, Han F, Zhou Z, Salusky I, Ayad I, Hu P. Cardiovascular MRI with ferumoxytol. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:796-806. [PMID: 27221526 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The practice of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) has changed significantly in the span of a decade. Concerns regarding gadolinium (Gd)-associated nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in those with severely impaired renal function spurred developments in low-dose CEMRA and non-contrast MRA as well as efforts to seek alternative MR contrast agents. Originally developed for MR imaging use, ferumoxytol (an ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle), is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in adults with renal disease. Since its clinical availability in 2009, there has been rising interest in the scientific and clinical use of ferumoxytol as an MR contrast agent. The unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of ferumoxytol, including its long intravascular half-life and high r1 relaxivity, support a spectrum of MRI applications beyond the scope of Gd-based contrast agents. Moreover, whereas Gd is not found in biological systems, iron is essential for normal metabolism, and nutritional iron deficiency poses major public health challenges worldwide. Once the carbohydrate shell of ferumoxytol is degraded, the elemental iron at its core is incorporated into the reticuloendothelial system. These considerations position ferumoxytol as a potential game changer in the field of CEMRA and MRI. In this paper, we aim to summarise our experience with the cardiovascular applications of ferumoxytol and provide a brief synopsis of ongoing investigations on ferumoxytol-enhanced MR applications.
Collapse
|
211
|
Hu P, Wei Z, Li R, Wu D, Meng Z. Prediction and preliminary screening of HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope peptides of human GPC3. Int J Immunogenet 2016; 43:166-70. [PMID: 27102087 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In response to the limited therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), immunotherapy as a promising approach points out a new direction to the cure of tumours through specific recognition and elimination of tumour cells by the immunity-enhanced autologous immunocytes of patients. Few effective tumour antigens, however, are alternative in addition to alpha fetoprotein or tumour cell lysates. Recent studies have demonstrated that glypican-3 (GPC3) is not only a promising diagnostic marker, but also ideal therapeutic target to HCC. In this study, potential HLA-A*0201 GPC3 peptides were screened with three epitope prediction software, the binding affinity of 13 predicted epitopes with high scores was determined by T2 cells binding assay and four optimal epitopes were identified. This is the first study in which the optimal HLA-A*0201 GPC3 epitopes were screened from a large number of candidates predicted by three software. The optimized HLA-A*0201 GPC3 peptides will provide new epitope candidates for HCC immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
212
|
Adeniran O, Kim H, Spiotto M, Feldman L, Hu P, Chen L, Nallari A, Qu J, Haverkos B, Rastogi S, Chilkulwar A. No Difference in Outcome Comparing 5-Fluorouracil, Hydroxyurea, and Twice Daily Radiation Therapy (FHX) to High-Dose Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy (CRT) in Advanced T-Stage Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ATSHNSCC): A Retrospective Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
213
|
Zhang Y, Hu P, Qi X, Ren H, Mao RC, Zhang JM. A comparison of telbivudine and entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients: a prospective cohort study in China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:287.e1-9. [PMID: 26548508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There are few studies directly comparing the efficacy and safety of telbivudine and entecavir. The present prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of these compounds in 196 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B for a median follow-up period of 172 weeks; 97 were treated with telbivudine and 99 were treated with entecavir. Patients showing suboptimal responses could also take adefovir at 24-48 weeks and all patients with viral breakthrough were started on adefovir. The 240-week cumulative proportions of patients showing undetectable hepatitis B DNA levels and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization were similar in the two study groups. Viral breakthrough developed in 14% of the telbivudine group and in 2% of the entecavir group (p 0.002). Interestingly, the cumulative proportions of patients treated with entecavir and telbivudine showing HBeAg seroconversion were 12% versus 21% at 48 weeks (p 0.041), 15% versus 38% at 96 weeks (p 0.001), 24% versus 50% at 144 weeks (p 0.001), 33% versus 53% at 192 weeks (p 0.004) and 36% versus 53% at 240 weeks (p 0.005), respectively. Patients treated with telbivudine were therefore significantly more likely to show HBeAg seroconversion than those receiving entecavir and similar results were observed in study sub-groups matched for age, serum ALT, and HBV DNA levels. A safety analysis identified no differences between grade 3/4 creatine kinase elevations in the study groups and only telbivudine was associated with improved kidney function.
Collapse
|
214
|
Wang Z, Hu P. Towards rational catalyst design: a general optimization framework. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0078. [PMID: 26755754 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rational catalyst design is one of the most fundamental goals in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we briefly review our previous design work, and then introduce a general optimization framework, which converts catalyst design into an optimization problem. Furthermore, an example is given using the gradient ascent method to show how this framework can be used for rational catalyst design. This framework may be applied to other design schemes.
Collapse
|
215
|
Peng C, Wang H, Hu P. Theoretical insights into how the first C–C bond forms in the methanol-to-olefin process catalysed by HSAPO-34. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14495-502. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp08029k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism is proposed for the role of the carbenium ion in the first C–C coupling in the methanol-to-olefin process catalysed by HSAPO-34.
Collapse
|
216
|
Guan X, Su M, Zhao R, Ouyang H, Dong X, Hu P, Pei Q, Lu J, Li Z, Zhang C, Yang TH. Cinnamon effectively inhibits the activity of leukemia stem cells. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2016; 15:gmr7662. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15037662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
217
|
Wang D, Jiang J, Wang HF, Hu P. Revealing the Volcano-Shaped Activity Trend of Triiodide Reduction Reaction: A DFT Study Coupled with Microkinetic Analysis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
218
|
Song W, Song C, Chen Y, Du M, Hu P, Liu A, Lu W. Polysaccharide-induced apoptosis in H22 cells through G2/M arrest and BCL2/BAX caspase-activated Fas pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2015; 61:88-95. [PMID: 26612738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect and the mechanism of growth inhibition on mouse H22 hepatocarcinoma cell of ascitic tumor induced by cartilage polysaccharides (PS). Our results showed that PS prolonged the survival time of the mice and increased the life span. In addition, PS induced the apoptosis of the H22 cells with the typical apoptotic morphological and biochemical changes confirmed by HE staining and TUNEL assay. The subsequent analysis of cell cycle distribution and relevant proteins revealed that decrease of cells in G0/G1phase and a G2/M arrest might due to the down-regulation of Cyclin D1 and AFP and up-regulation of P21 proteins. Moreover, BCL2/BAX caspase-activated Fas pathway was activated in PS-induced H22 apoptosis.
Collapse
|
219
|
Meng XY, Li YS, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Qiao B, Si CC, Hu P, Lu SY, Ren HL, Liu ZS, Qiu HJ, Liu JQ. An improved RT-IPCR for detection of pyrene and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 78:194-199. [PMID: 26609944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous homogeneous chemicals which are well known by carcinogens, mutagens and endocrine disorder. Here, an improved real-time immuno-PCR (RT-IPCR) was developed for detection of pyrene and its homologs in water samples. The PAHs in sample compete with pyrene-modified DNA to bind with monoclonal antibody (McAb) coated on PCR plate. The reporter DNA was exponentially amplified by real-time PCR instrument using Fast Start universal SYBR Green Master (ROX) kit. Only two reaction steps were needed to accomplish the detection. The assay had a good linear range from 5 pmol L(-1) to 5 nmol L(-1) with a detection limit of 3.5 pmol L(-1). For application assay, the average recoveries from tap water, lake water and mineral water were 98.4%, 98.2% and 99.7%, respectively which showed a good correlation (R(2)=0.9906) with those from GC-MS. The results indicated that the improved RT-IPCR seems to be a potential method for simple and ultrasensitive detection of pyrene and some homologues in environment water samples.
Collapse
|
220
|
Mao Y, Chen J, Wang H, Hu P. Catalyst screening: Refinement of the origin of the volcano curve and its implication in heterogeneous catalysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)60875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
221
|
Qian L, Chen JF, Li YH, Wu L, Wang HF, Chen AP, Hu P, Zheng LR, Yang HG. Orange Zinc Germanate with Metallic Ge-Ge Bonds as a Chromophore-Like Center for Visible-Light-Driven Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11467-71. [PMID: 26291331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of solar-energy-conversion devices depends on the absorption region and intensity of the photon collectors. Organic chromophores, which have been widely stabilized on inorganic semiconductors for light trapping, are limited by the interface between the chromophore and semiconductor. Herein we report a novel orange zinc germanate (Zn-Ge-O) with a chromophore-like structure, by which the absorption region can be dramatically expanded. Structural characterizations and theoretical calculations together reveal that the origin of visible-light response can be attributed to the unusual metallic Ge-Ge bonds which act in a similar way to organic chromophores. Benefiting from the enhanced light harvest, the orange Zn-Ge-O demonstrates superior capacity for solar-driven hydrogen production.
Collapse
|
222
|
Qian L, Chen JF, Li YH, Wu L, Wang HF, Chen AP, Hu P, Zheng LR, Yang HG. Orange Zinc Germanate with Metallic GeGe Bonds as a Chromophore-Like Center for Visible-Light-Driven Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
223
|
Tao FF, Shan JJ, Nguyen L, Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhang L, Wu Z, Huang W, Zeng S, Hu P. Understanding complete oxidation of methane on spinel oxides at a molecular level. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7798. [PMID: 26239771 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to develop a catalyst made of earth-abundant elements highly active for a complete oxidation of methane at a relatively low temperature. NiCo2O4 consisting of earth-abundant elements which can completely oxidize methane in the temperature range of 350-550 °C. Being a cost-effective catalyst, NiCo2O4 exhibits activity higher than precious-metal-based catalysts. Here we report that the higher catalytic activity at the relatively low temperature results from the integration of nickel cations, cobalt cations and surface lattice oxygen atoms/oxygen vacancies at the atomic scale. In situ studies of complete oxidation of methane on NiCo2O4 and theoretical simulations show that methane dissociates to methyl on nickel cations and then couple with surface lattice oxygen atoms to form -CH3O with a following dehydrogenation to -CH2O; a following oxidative dehydrogenation forms CHO; CHO is transformed to product molecules through two different sub-pathways including dehydrogenation of OCHO and CO oxidation.
Collapse
|
224
|
Yang Y, Low D, Cao M, Sheng K, Lamb J, Thomas D, Kamrava M, Hu P. TH-CD-204-06: Diffusion MRI for Treatment Response Assessment of MRI-Guided Tri-Cobalt 60 Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
225
|
Wang Z, Wang HF, Hu P. Possibility of designing catalysts beyond the traditional volcano curve: a theoretical framework for multi-phase surfaces. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5703-5711. [PMID: 29861903 PMCID: PMC5947508 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current theory of catalyst activity in heterogeneous catalysis is mainly obtained from the study of catalysts with mono-phases, while most catalysts in real systems consist of multi-phases, the understanding of which is far short of chemists' expectation. Density functional theory (DFT) and micro-kinetics simulations are used to investigate the activities of six mono-phase and nine bi-phase catalysts, using CO hydrogenation that is arguably the most typical reaction in heterogeneous catalysis. Excellent activities that are beyond the activity peak of traditional mono-phase volcano curves are found on some bi-phase surfaces. By analyzing these results, a new framework to understand the unexpected activities of bi-phase surfaces is proposed. Based on the framework, several principles for the design of multi-phase catalysts are suggested. The theoretical framework extends the traditional catalysis theory to understand more complex systems.
Collapse
|
226
|
Hu P, Zhuo W, Liu H. TH-AB-201-08: Eye Lens Dose Reduction of Radiologists in Interventional Procedures with Lead Glasses. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
227
|
Sheng T, Lin WF, Hardacre C, Hu P. Significance of β-dehydrogenation in ethanol electro-oxidation on platinum doped with Ru, Rh, Pd, Os and Ir. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:13248-54. [PMID: 24869778 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the exploration of highly efficient direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), how to promote the CO2 selectivity is a key issue which remains to be solved. Some advances have been made, for example, using bimetallic electrocatalysts, Rh has been found to be an efficient additive to platinum to obtain high CO2 selectivity experimentally. In this work, the mechanism of ethanol electrooxidation is investigated using the first principles method. It is found that CH3CHOH* is the key intermediate during ethanol electrooxidation and the activity of β-dehydrogenation is the rate determining factor that affects the completeness of ethanol oxidation. In addition, a series of transition metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os and Ir) are alloyed on the top layer of Pt(111) in order to analyze their effects. The elementary steps, α-, β-C-H bond and C-C bond dissociations, are calculated on these bimetallic M/Pt(111) surfaces and the formation potential of OH* from water dissociation is also calculated. We find that the active metals increase the activity of β-dehydrogenation but lower the OH* formation potential resulting in the active site being blocked. By considering both β-dehydrogenation and OH* formation, Ru, Os and Ir are identified to be unsuitable for the promotion of CO2 selectivity and only Rh is able to increase the selectivity of CO2 in DEFCs.
Collapse
|
228
|
Hu P, Liu Z. Preface. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
229
|
Sun X, Cao X, Hu P. Theoretical insight into the selectivities of copper-catalyzing heterogeneous reduction of carbon dioxide. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
230
|
Huang X, Yang Y, Hu P. Experimental study of falling film evaporation in large scale rectangular channel. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
231
|
Wang D, Wang H, Hu P. Identifying the distinct features of geometric structures for hole trapping to generate radicals on rutile TiO2(110) in photooxidation using density functional theory calculations with hybrid functional. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1549-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04159c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using density functional theory calculations with HSE 06 functional, we obtained the structures of spin-polarized radicals on rutile TiO2(110), which is crucial to understand the photooxidation at the atomic level, and furthermore the thermodynamic stability of the radicals and their promotion effect on water photooxidation are also investigated.
Collapse
|
232
|
Sheng T, Lin X, Chen ZY, Hu P, Sun SG, Chu YQ, Ma CA, Lin WF. Methanol electro-oxidation on platinum modified tungsten carbides in direct methanol fuel cells: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25235-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bilayer Pt-modified WC catalysts exhibit up to 2.4 times higher MOR reactivity compared to that of pure Pt.
Collapse
|
233
|
Yang F, Wang H, Hu P, Jiang J. Validation of an UPLC-MS-MS Method for Quantitative Analysis of Vincristine in Human Urine After Intravenous Administration of Vincristine Sulfate Liposome Injection. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:974-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
234
|
Li YS, Meng XY, Zhou Y, Zhang YY, Meng XM, Yang L, Hu P, Lu SY, Ren HL, Liu ZS, Wang XR. Magnetic bead and gold nanoparticle probes based immunoassay for β-casein detection in bovine milk samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 66:559-64. [PMID: 25522084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a double-probe based immunoassay was developed for rapid and sensitive determination of β-casein in bovine milk samples. In the method, magnetic beads (MBs), employed as supports for the immobilization of anti-β-casein polyclonal antibody (PAb), were used as the capture probe. Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), employed as a bridge for loading anti-β-casein monoclonal antibody (McAb) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), were used as the amplification probe. The presence of β-casein causes the sandwich structures of MBs-PAb-β-casein-McAb-AuNPs through the interaction between β-casein and the anti-β-casein antibodies. The HRP, used as an enzymatic-amplified tracer, can catalytically oxidize the substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), generating optical signals that are proportional to the quantity of β-casein. The linear range of the immunoassay was from 6.5 to 1520ngmL(-1). The limit of detection (LOD) was 4.8ngmL(-1) which was 700 times lower than that of MBs-antibody-HRP based immunoassay and 6-7 times lower than that from the microplate-antibody-HRP based assay. The recoveries of β-casein from bovine milk samples were from 95.0% to 104.3% that had a good correlation coefficient (R(2)=0.9956) with those obtained by an official standard Kjeldahl method. For higher sensitivity, simple sample pretreatment and shorter time requirement of the antigen-antibody reaction, the developed immunoassay demonstrated the viability for detection of β-casein in bovine milk samples.
Collapse
|
235
|
Li Y, Zhou Y, Meng X, Zhang Y, Song F, Lu S, Ren H, Hu P, Liu Z, Zhang J. Gold nanoparticle aggregation-based colorimetric assay for β-casein detection in bovine milk samples. Food Chem 2014; 162:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
236
|
Lou Y, Ma J, Cao X, Wang L, Dai Q, Zhao Z, Cai Y, Zhan W, Guo Y, Hu P, Lu G, Guo Y. Promoting Effects of In2O3 on Co3O4 for CO Oxidation: Tuning O2 Activation and CO Adsorption Strength Simultaneously. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501049r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
237
|
Gou S, Wu J, Liu F, Lee P, Rapacchi S, Hu P, Sheng K. Feasibility of automated pancreas segmentation based on dynamic MRI. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140248. [PMID: 25270713 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MRI-guided radiotherapy is particularly attractive for abdominal targets with low CT contrast. To fully utilize this modality for pancreas tracking, automated segmentation tools are needed. A hybrid gradient, region growth and shape constraint (hGReS) method to segment two-dimensional (2D) upper abdominal dynamic MRI (dMRI) is developed for this purpose. METHODS 2D coronal dynamic MR images of two healthy volunteers were acquired with a frame rate of 5 frames per second. The regions of interest (ROIs) included the liver, pancreas and stomach. The first frame was used as the source where the centres of the ROIs were manually annotated. These centre locations were propagated to the next dMRI frame. Four-neighborhood region transfer growth was performed from these initial seeds before refinement using shape constraints. RESULTS from hGReS and two other automated segmentation methods using integrated edge detection and region growth (IER) and level set, respectively, were compared with manual contours using Dice's index (DI). RESULTS For the first patient, the hGReS resulted in the organ segmentation accuracy as a measure by the DI (0.77) for the pancreas, superior to the level set method (0.72) and IER (0.71). The hGReS was shown to be reproducible on the second subject, achieving a DI of 0.82, 0.92 and 0.93 for the pancreas, stomach and liver, respectively. Motion trajectories derived from the hGReS were highly correlated to respiratory motion. CONCLUSION We have shown the feasibility of automated segmentation of the pancreas anatomy on dMRI. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Using the hybrid method improves segmentation robustness of low-contrast images.
Collapse
|
238
|
Liu J, Cao XM, Hu P. Density functional theory study on the activation of molecular oxygen on a stepped gold surface in an aqueous environment: a new approach for simulating reactions in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4176-85. [PMID: 24452136 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54384f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of oxygen molecules is an important issue in the gold-catalyzed partial oxidation of alcohols in aqueous solution. The complexity of the solution arising from a large number of solvent molecules makes it difficult to study the reaction in the system. In this work, O2 activation on an Au catalyst is investigated using an effective approach to estimate the reaction barriers in the presence of solvent. Our calculations show that O2 can be activated, undergoing OOH* in the presence of water molecules. The OOH* can readily be formed on Au(211) via four possible pathways with almost equivalent free energy barriers at the aqueous-solid interface: the direct or indirect activation of O2 by surface hydrogen or the hydrolysis of O2 following a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism or an Eley-Rideal mechanism. Among them, the Eley-Rideal mechanism may be slightly more favorable due to the restriction of the low coverage of surface H on Au(211) in the other mechanisms. The results shed light on the importance of water molecules on the activation of oxygen in gold-catalyzed systems. Solvent is found to facilitate the oxygen activation process mainly by offering extra electrons and stabilizing the transition states. A correlation between the energy barrier and the negative charge of the reaction center is found. The activation barrier is substantially reduced by the aqueous environment, in which the first solvation shell plays the most important role in the barrier reduction. Our approach may be useful for estimating the reaction barriers in aqueous systems.
Collapse
|
239
|
Wei Q, Tian Y, Yu Y, Zhang F, Hu X, Dong Y, Chen Y, Hu P, Hu X, Wang K. Modulation of interhemispheric functional coordination in electroconvulsive therapy for depression. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e453. [PMID: 25268257 PMCID: PMC4202999 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that depression is related to interhemispheric functional coordination deficits. For depression, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most rapid and effective therapy, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of ECT on the interhemispheric functional coordination in depression patients. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to observe the change of interhemispheric functional coordination with the method of voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) in 11 depressed patients before and after ECT, compared with 15 healthy controls. The results showed that, compared with depression patients before ECT, VMHC was significantly increased in superior frontal gyri (BA 8), middle frontal gyri (two clusters: BA 8/9 and BA 10) and angular gyri (BA 39) in depression patients after ECT. Compared with healthy controls, VMHC in those areas was significantly lower in the middle frontal gyri (BA 8/9) and angular gyri (BA 39) in depression patients before ECT, but no significant difference was observed in the superior frontal gyri (BA 8) and middle frontal gyri (BA 10). There was no significant correlation between the changes of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores and changed VMHC values in those four areas in depression patients. The results suggest that ECT selectively modulated interhemispheric functional coordination in depression patients. Such may play an important mechanistic role in the treatment of depression, and may afford a useful avenue for optimizing treatment.
Collapse
|
240
|
Josson S, Gururajan M, Sung SY, Hu P, Shao C, Zhau HE, Liu C, Lichterman J, Duan P, Li Q, Rogatko A, Posadas EM, Haga CL, Chung LWK. Stromal fibroblast-derived miR-409 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and prostate tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2014; 34:2690-9. [PMID: 25065597 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-stromal interaction is a dynamic process that promotes tumor growth and metastasis via cell-cell interaction and extracellular vesicles. Recent studies demonstrate that stromal fibroblast-derived molecular signatures can be used to predict disease progression and drug resistance. To identify the epigenetic role of stromal noncoding RNAs in tumor-stromal interactions in the tumor microenvironment, we performed microRNA profiling of patient cancer-associated prostate stromal fibroblasts isolated by laser capture dissection microscopy and in bone-associated stromal models. We found specific upregulation of miR-409-3p and miR-409-5p located within the embryonically and developmentally regulated DLK1-DIO3 (delta-like 1 homolog-deiodinase, iodothyronine 3) cluster on human chromosome 14. The findings in cell lines were further validated in human prostate cancer tissues. Strikingly, ectopic expression of miR-409 in normal prostate fibroblasts conferred a cancer-associated stroma-like phenotype and led to the release of miR-409 via extracellular vesicles to promote tumor induction and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. miR-409 promoted tumorigenesis through repression of tumor suppressor genes such as Ras suppressor 1 and stromal antigen 2. Thus, stromal fibroblasts derived miR-409-induced tumorigenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness of the epithelial cancer cells in vivo. Therefore, miR-409 appears to be an attractive therapeutic target to block the vicious cycle of tumor-stromal interactions that plagues prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
|
241
|
Ruan D, Yang Y, Cao M, Hu P, Low D. SU-E-J-212: Identifying Bones From MRI: A Dictionary Learnign and Sparse Regression Approach. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
242
|
Gou S, Rapacchi S, Hu P, Sheng K. SU-E-J-168: Automated Pancreas Segmentation Based On Dynamic MRI. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
243
|
Gou S, Rapacchi S, Hu P, Sheng K. TU-F-BRF-06: 3D Pancreas MRI Segmentation Using Dictionary Learning and Manifold Clustering. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
244
|
Yang Y, Cao M, Han F, Santhanam A, Neylon J, Gomez C, Kaprealian T, Sheng K, Agazaryan N, Low D, Hu P. SU-E-J-90: MRI-Based Treatment Simulation and Patient Setup for Radiation Therapy of Brain Cancer. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
245
|
Li YS, Zhou Y, Meng XY, Zhang YY, Liu JQ, Zhang Y, Wang NN, Hu P, Lu SY, Ren HL, Liu ZS. Enzyme-antibody dual labeled gold nanoparticles probe for ultrasensitive detection of κ-casein in bovine milk samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:241-4. [PMID: 24892786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A dual labeled probe was synthesized by coating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with anti-κ-CN monoclonal antibody (McAb) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme on their surface. The McAb was used as detector and HRP was used as label for signal amplification catalytically oxidize the substrate. AuNPs were used as bridges between the McAb and HRP. Based on the probe, an immunoassay was developed for ultrasensitive detection of κ-CN in bovine milk samples. The assay has a linear response range within 4.2-560 ng mL(-1). The limit of detection (LOD) was 4.2 ng mL(-1) which was 10 times lower than that of traditional McAb-HRP based ELISA. The recoveries of κ-CN from three brand bovine milk samples were from 95.8% to 111.0% that had a good correlation (R(2)=0.998) with those obtained by official standard Kjeldahl method. For higher sensitivity and as simple as the traditional ELISA, the developed immunoassay could provide an alternative approach for ultrasensitive detection of κ-CN in bovine milk sample.
Collapse
|
246
|
Li YH, Xing J, Chen ZJ, Li Z, Tian F, Zheng LR, Wang HF, Hu P, Zhao HJ, Yang HG. Unidirectional suppression of hydrogen oxidation on oxidized platinum clusters. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2500. [PMID: 24042183 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen may be an ideal solution for global energy and environment issues. Among the various photocatalytic systems, platinum has been widely used to co-catalyse the reduction of protons in water for hydrogen evolution. However, the undesirable hydrogen oxidation reaction can also be readily catalysed by metallic platinum, which limits the solar energy conversion efficiency in artificial photosynthesis. Here we report that the unidirectional suppression of hydrogen oxidation in photocatalytic water splitting can be fulfilled by controlling the valence state of platinum; this platinum-based cocatalyst in a higher oxidation state can act as an efficient hydrogen evolution site while suppressing the undesirable hydrogen back-oxidation. The findings in this work may pave the way for developing other high-efficientcy platinum-based catalysts for photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, fuel cells and water-gas shift reactions.
Collapse
|
247
|
Song F, Zhou Y, Li YS, Meng XM, Meng XY, Liu JQ, Lu SY, Ren HL, Hu P, Liu ZS, Zhang YY, Zhang JH. A rapid immunomagnetic beads-based immunoassay for the detection of β-casein in bovine milk. Food Chem 2014; 158:445-8. [PMID: 24731368 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An immunomagnetic beads-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IMBs-ELISA) was developed for the detection of β-casein in bovine milk. Immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) were employed as the solid phase. The anti-β-casein monoclonal antibody (McAb) bound to IMBs was used as capture probe and an anti-β-casein polyclonal antibody (PcAb), labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was employed as detector probe. Three reaction and two washing steps were needed. Each reaction needed 10 min or less, which significantly shortened detection compared with classic sandwich ELISA. β-Casein in bovine milk was detected across a linear range (2-128 μg mL(-1)). Application results were in accordance with the Kjejdahl method, which suggests the IMBs-ELISA is rapid and reliable for the detection of β-casein in bovine milk.
Collapse
|
248
|
Wang Z, Cao XM, Zhu J, Hu P. Activity and coke formation of nickel and nickel carbide in dry reforming: A deactivation scheme from density functional theory. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
249
|
Yang B, Burch R, Hardacre C, Headdock G, Hu P. Correction to Understanding the Optimal Adsorption Energies for Catalyst Screening in Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500044v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
250
|
Hou Y, Chen ZP, Wang D, Zhang B, Yang S, Wang HF, Hu P, Zhao HJ, Yang HG. Highly electrocatalytic activity of RuO₂ nanocrystals for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:484-483. [PMID: 23784873 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are promising alternatives to conventional silicon devices because of their simple fabrication procedure, low cost, and high efficiency. Platinum is generally used as a superior counter electrode (CE) material, but the disadvantages such as high cost and low abundance greatly restrict the large-scale application of DSCs. An efficient and sustainable way to overcome the limited supply of Pt is the development of high-efficiency Pt-free CE materials, which should possess both high electrical conductivity and superior electrocatalytic activity simultaneously. Herein, for the first time, a two-step strategy to synthesize ruthenium dioxide (RuO₂) nanocrystals is reported, and it is shown that RuO₂ catalysts exhibit promising electrocatalytic activity towards triiodide reduction, which results in comparable energy conversion efficiency to that of conventional Pt CEs. More importantly, by virtue of first-principles calculations, the catalytic mechanism of electrocatalysis for triiodide reduction on various CEs is investigated systematically and it is found that the electrochemical triiodide reduction reaction on RuO₂ catalyst surfaces can be enhanced significantly, owing to the ideal combination of good electrocatalytic activity and high electrical conductivity.
Collapse
|