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Riwes M, Reddy P. Microbial metabolites and graft versus host disease. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:23-29. [PMID: 28742948 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The health of mammals is a reflection of the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota. Alterations in the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota have been implicated in multiple disease processes. The impact of the microbiota in health and disease is in part a function of the nutrient processing and release of metabolites. Recent studies have uncovered a major role for microbial metabolites in the function of the host immune system by which they influence disease processes such as acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), which is the main complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The mechanisms of acute GVHD regulation by the complex microbial community and the metabolites released by them are unclear. In this review we summarize major findings of how microbial metabolites interact with the immune system and discuss how these interactions could impact acute GVHD.
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Naidoo P, Sewpaul R, Nyembezi A, Reddy P, Louw K, Desai R, Stein DJ. The association between biopsychosocial factors and disability in a national health survey in South Africa. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 23:653-660. [PMID: 29280386 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1417606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between psychosocial factors and disability is less clear. This study investigated the biological and psychosocial (employment and psychological distress) factors associated with level of disability in an adult sample in South Africa. Data were analysed from a cross-sectional survey among adults aged 18-64 (n = 4974). Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations of the selected variables with disability. The mean percentage score on the WHODAS scale of disability was 5.31% (95% CI: 4.74-5.88). Age (p < 0.001) and race (p = 0.0002) were significantly associated with disability, and history of stroke (β = 7.19, 95% CI: 3.19-11.20) and heart-related conditions (β = 2.08, 95% CI: [0.23-3.93) showed positive associations. Of the psychosocial variables, psychological distress (β = 10.49 [8.63-12.35]) showed a strong positive association while employment (-1.62 [-2.36 to -0.88]) showed a negative association with disability. The association between demographic factors, medical conditions and increased disability confirms the findings in the literature. The finding that psychological distress is associated with increased disability has not been frequently reported. This study highlights specific psychosocial targets that may be usefully addressed by health policies and interventions in order to improve disability management.
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Maharaj S, Seegobin K, Perez-Downes J, Bajric B, Chang S, Reddy P. Severe carvedilol toxicity without overdose - caution in cirrhosis. Clin Hypertens 2017; 23:25. [PMID: 29214053 PMCID: PMC5709975 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-017-0083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carvedilol is used in the management of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and most recently, portal hypertension. It has been associated with improved outcomes regarding variceal bleeding, hepatic decompensation and death when compared to propranolol and endoscopic band ligation. The main cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis and therefore carvedilol is increasingly used in these patients. Due to its extensive hepatic metabolism, carvedilol is contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment. However, there are no dosage adjustments in the manufacturer's labelling for mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Case presentation We present a case of cardiogenic shock that occurred after carvedilol 25 mg orally was administered to a patient with cirrhosis. As there was no overdose, the diagnosis was based on clinical recognition of the toxidrome. The patient was successfully treated with glucagon 5 mg bolus followed by infusion. Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis represent a special at-risk group for beta blocker toxicity. The typical threshold for carvedilol toxicity in overdose is 50 mg but in patients with cirrhosis this is not applicable. Nurses and physicians need to recognize the toxidrome early. Hospitals where carvedilol is used in patients with cirrhosis should have glucagon in formulary at doses to treat toxicity (bolus and infusion). Finally, dose adjustment and slow uptitration of carvedilol in cirrhosis is recommended.
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Pfister GG, Reddy P, Barth MC, Flocke FF, Fried A, Herndon SC, Sive BC, Sullivan JT, Thompson AM, Yacovitch TI, Weinheimer AJ, Wisthaler A. Using observations and source specific model tracers to characterize pollutant transport during FRAPPÉ and DISCOVER-AQ. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:10510-10538. [PMID: 33006328 PMCID: PMC7526682 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transport is a key parameter in air quality research and plays a dominant role in the Colorado Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area (NFRMA), where terrain induced flows and recirculation patterns can lead to vigorous mixing of different emission sources. To assess different transport processes and their connection to air quality in the NFRMA during the FRAPPÉ and DISCOVER-AQ campaigns in summer 2014, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with inert tracers. Overall, the model represents well the measured winds and the inert tracers are in good agreement with observations of comparable trace gas concentrations. The model tracers support the analysis of surface wind and ozone measurements and allow for the analysis of transport patterns and interactions of emissions. A main focus of this study is on characterizing pollution transport from the NFRMA to the mountains by mountain-valley flows and the potential for recirculating pollution back into the NFRMA. One such event on 12 August 2014 was well captured by the aircraft and is studied in more detail. The model represents the flow conditions and demonstrates that during upslope events, frequently there is a separation of air masses that are heavily influenced by oil and gas emissions to the North and dominated by urban emissions to the South. This case study provides evidence that NFRMA pollution not only can impact the nearby Foothills and mountain areas to the East of the Continental Divide, but that pollution can "spill over" into the valleys to the West of the Continental Divide.
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Salvanna N, Das B, Reddy P. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and
Styrenes: An Efficient Method to Synthesize 2-Alkenyl-1,3,4-
Oxadiazoles§. Synlett 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
2-Alkenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have been prepared by cross-coupling of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with styrenes by using palladium(II) trifluoroacetate [Pd(TFA)2] as a catalyst, 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand, silver trifluoroacetate as an oxidant, and toluene as a solvent. The products were formed in high yields and no byproducts were detected.
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DeFoor W, Reddy P, Reed M, VanderBrink B, Jackson E, Zhang B, Denlinger J, Noh P, Minevich E, Sheldon C. Results of a prospective randomized control trial comparing hydrophilic to uncoated catheters in children with neurogenic bladder. J Pediatr Urol 2017; 13:373.e1-373.e5. [PMID: 28713004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with neurogenic bladder (NGB) often require a lifetime of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), typically using uncoated catheters (UCs). Hydrophilic catheters (HCs) have lower friction than UCs with reported less damage to the urethra. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes between these catheters. METHODS An investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare HCs versus UCs. Children aged 2-17 years with NGB on CIC were enrolled for 1 year. Block randomization was used. Dexterity scores were obtained in those who perform self-catheterization. Outcomes were UTI, difficulty passing the catheter, urethral injury, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS Demographic data is presented in the Table. Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. Age and gender were similar between the groups. Fifteen patients in each group performed CIC via an abdominal wall stoma. Eight and 15 patients withdrew from the UC and HC groups, respectively. The HC group overall had more problems with the catheter, mainly difficulty with handling. There were no differences for passing the catheter, pain, hematuria, or urethral injuries. There were two urinary tract infections (UTIs) in two HC patients and 17 UTIs in seven UC patients (p = 0.003). Patients with UTIs in the HC group went from 16% in the previous year to 5% during the study. Three children in the HC group had three or more UTIs in the year before enrollment and none during the study. The patients that completed the study with HC were overall satisfied and many requested to continue with the HC. CONCLUSIONS HCs may decrease the risk of UTI in children with NGB. Urethral complications were low in both groups. Most HC patients were pleased but some found the slippery coating difficult to handle.
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Perez-Downes J, Palacio C, Miller A, Reddy P. Predicting Variables of Mortality among Patients with NT-proBNP > 70,000 Pg/Ml. J Card Fail 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Govender T, Reddy P, Ghuman S. Obstetric outcomes and antenatal access among adolescent pregnancies in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1333783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Perceval M, Kõlves K, Reddy P, De Leo D. Farmer suicides: a qualitative study from Australia. Occup Med (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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110
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Saliba RM, Sarantopoulos S, Kitko CL, Pawarode A, Goldstein SC, Magenau J, Alousi AM, Churay T, Justman H, Paczesny S, Reddy P, Couriel DR. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plasma level at the time of chronic GvHD diagnosis is a potential predictor of non-relapse mortality. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1010-1015. [PMID: 28481353 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological markers for risk stratification of chronic GvHD (cGvHD) could improve the care of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Increased plasma levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and elafin have been associated with the diagnosis, but not with outcome in patients with cGvHD. We evaluated the association between levels of these soluble proteins, measured by ELISA at the time of cGvHD diagnosis and before the initiation of therapy, with non-relapse-mortality (NRM). Based on the log-transformed values, factor levels were divided into tertiles defined respectively as low, intermediate, and high levels. On univariable analysis, BAFF levels were significantly associated with NRM, whereas CXCL9 and elafin levels were not. Both low (⩽2.3 ng/mL, hazard ratio (HR)=5.8, P=0.03) and high (>5.7 ng/mL, HR=5.4, P=0.03) BAFF levels were associated with a significantly higher NRM compared with intermediate BAFF level. The significant effect of high or low BAFF levels persisted in multivariable analysis. A subset of cGvHD patients had persistently low BAFF levels. In conclusion, our data show that BAFF levels at the time of cGvHD diagnosis are associated with NRM, and also are potentially useful for risk stratification. These results warrant confirmation in larger studies.
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Naraen A, Reddy P, Notarstefano C, Kudavali M. Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm in a Middle-Aged Woman. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103:e313-e315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cui L, Miao R, Jiang C, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. Perspective: Thermal and thermoelectric transport in molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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113
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Reddy P, Ebrahim S, Singh B, Ramklass S, Buccimazza I. Breast Cancer and HIV: a South African perspective and a critical review of the literature. S AFR J SURG 2017; 55:10-15. [PMID: 28876552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of breast cancer and concurrent HIV in South Africa is common. The limited current evidence on this subject suggests that the patients thus afflicted appear to be younger, have a more advanced stage of breast cancer, have a higher treatment related complications and poorer outcomes. This paper reviews the literature related to HIV and breast cancer, with a view to improving the standard and quality of care of HIV positive breast cancer patients. METHOD Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Google scholar and Science Direct electronic databases were searched from 2001 and 2015. using the terms ('HIV' OR 'human immunodeficiency virus' OR 'AIDS' OR 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome') and 'breast cancer' or 'breast carcinoma' to identify all publications related to HIV and breast cancer. Titles and abstracts were evaluated for eligibility and appropriate full text articles obtained. The data extraction variables included the type of study, year of publication, study setting, participants, sample size, outcome measures and main findings. RESULTS Only five studies fulfilled the criteria, in respect of the aforementioned maladies, with twenty or more participants in each study. Evidence suggested that breast cancers develop at a much younger age in the HIV positive patient compared to the HIV negative patients, with more aggressive appearing tumour biology. Overall, it appears that HIV positive patients experienced a higher cancer-specific mortality than HIV negative patients, and this is independent of the stage of the cancer or the cancer therapy received, further the relationship between the HIV syndrome and breast cancer is currently marginal and inconclusive, and hence requires further investigation. CONCLUSION The prescription and administration of chemotherapy is a challenge, with potential complications impacting on the morbidity and mortality in HIV positive patients. Currently there are no reliable predictors of those at risk to complications from chemotherapy; however, being on ART appears to provide an acceptable safety profile. HIV positive patients are best managed in the context of a multi-disciplinary team in order to achieve favourable outcomes in the treatment of cancer. Well-designed prospective trials to assess the response to multimodal therapy, and the long-term outcomes of HIV positive patients with breast cancer are needed.
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Cui L, Jeong W, Hur S, Matt M, Klöckner JC, Pauly F, Nielaba P, Cuevas JC, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. Quantized thermal transport in single-atom junctions. Science 2017; 355:1192-1195. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nokoff NJ, Palmer B, Mullins AJ, Aston CE, Austin P, Baskin L, Bernabé K, Chan YM, Cheng EY, Diamond DA, Fried A, Frimberger D, Galan D, Gonzalez L, Greenfield S, Kolon T, Kropp B, Lakshmanan Y, Meyer S, Meyer T, Mullins LL, Paradis A, Poppas D, Reddy P, Schulte M, Reyes KJS, Swartz JM, Wolfe-Christensen C, Yerkes E, Wisniewski AB. Prospective assessment of cosmesis before and after genital surgery. J Pediatr Urol 2017; 13:28.e1-28.e6. [PMID: 27887913 PMCID: PMC5894813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little data exist about the surgical interventions taking place for children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Most studies that have evaluated cosmetic outcomes after genitoplasty have included retrospective ratings by a physician at a single center. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to: 1) describe frequency of sex assignment, and types of surgery performed in a cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe genital ambiguity; and 2) prospectively determine cosmesis ratings by parents and surgeons before and after genital surgery. STUDY DESIGN This prospective, observational study included children aged <2 years of age, with no prior genitoplasty at the time of enrollment, moderate-to-severe genital atypia, and being treated at one of 11 children's hospitals in the United States of America (USA). Clinical information was collected, including type of surgery performed. Parents and the local pediatric urologist rated the cosmetic appearance of the child's genitalia prior to and 6 months after genitoplasty. RESULTS Of the 37 children meeting eligibility criteria, 20 (54%) had a 46,XX karyotype, 15 (40%) had a 46,XY karyotype, and two (5%) had sex chromosome mosaicism. The most common diagnosis overall was congenital adrenal hyperplasia (54%). Thirty-five children had surgery; 21 received feminizing genitoplasty, and 14 had masculinizing genitoplasty. Two families decided against surgery. At baseline, 22 mothers (63%), 14 fathers (48%), and 35 surgeons (100%) stated that they were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the appearance of the child's genitalia. Surgeons rated the appearance of the genitalia significantly worse than mothers (P < 0.001) and fathers (P ≤ 0.001) at baseline. At the 6-month postoperative visit, cosmesis ratings improved significantly for all groups (P < 0.001 for all groups). Thirty-two mothers (94%), 26 fathers (92%), and 31 surgeons (88%) reported either a good outcome, or they were satisfied (see Summary Figure); there were no significant between-group differences in ratings. DISCUSSION This multicenter, observational study showed surgical interventions being performed at DSD centers in the USA. While parent and surgeon ratings were discordant pre-operatively, they were generally concordant postoperatively. Satisfaction with postoperative cosmesis does not necessarily equate with satisfaction with the functional outcome later in life. CONCLUSION In this cohort of children with genital atypia, the majority had surgery. Parents and surgeons all rated the appearance of the genitalia unfavorably before surgery, with surgeons giving worse ratings than parents. Cosmesis ratings improved significantly after surgery, with no between-group differences.
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Gupta Y, Kapoor D, Desai A, Praveen D, Joshi R, Rozati R, Bhatla N, Prabhakaran D, Reddy P, Patel A, Tandon N. Conversion of gestational diabetes mellitus to future Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the predictive value of HbA 1c in an Indian cohort. Diabet Med 2017; 34:37-43. [PMID: 26926329 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the distribution of and risk factors for dysglycaemia (Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes) in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus in India. METHODS All women (n = 989) from two obstetric units in New Delhi and Hyderabad with a history of gestational diabetes were invited to participate, of whom 366 (37%) agreed. Sociodemographic, medical and anthropometric data were collected and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were carried out. RESULTS Within 5 years (median 14 months) of the pregnancy in which they were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, 263 (72%) women were dysglycaemic, including 119 (32%) and 144 (40%) with Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. A higher BMI [odds ratio 1.16 per 1-kg/m2 greater BMI (95% CI 1.10, 1.28)], presence of acanthosis nigricans [odds ratio 3.10, 95% CI (1.64, 5.87)], postpartum screening interval [odds ratio 1.02 per 1 month greater screening interval 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)] and age [odds ratio 1.10 per 1-year older age 95% CI (1.04, 1.16)] had a higher likelihood of having dysglycaemia. The American Diabetes Association-recommended threshold HbA1c value of ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) had a sensitivity and specificity of 81.4 and 90.7%, respectively, for determining the presence of Type 2 diabetes postpartum. CONCLUSION The high post-pregnancy conversion rates of gestational diabetes to diabetes reported in the present study reinforce the need for mandatory postpartum screening and identification of strategies for preventing progression to Type 2 diabetes. Use of the American Diabetes Association-recommended HbA1c threshold for diabetes may lead to significant under-diagnosis.
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Cui L, Meyhofer E, Reddy P. Thermal transport: Harmony with superatoms. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 16:10-11. [PMID: 27994250 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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118
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Reddy C, Reddy L, Reddy P. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with Alkynoic Acids: A Simple Route for the Preparation of 2-Alkynylated 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Handley TE, Ventura AD, Browne JL, Rich J, Attia JR, Reddy P, Pouwer F, Speight J. Suicidal ideation reported by adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes: results from Diabetes MILES-Australia. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1582-1589. [PMID: 26525943 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) in a community-based sample of adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants were 3338 adults aged 18-70 years with Type 1 diabetes (n = 1376) or Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin: n = 1238; insulin: n = 724) from a national survey administered to a random sample registered with the National Diabetes Services Scheme. Depression and SI were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, and diabetes-specific distress with the Problem Areas In Diabetes scale. Separate logistic regression analyses by diabetes type/treatment were used to determine relative contribution to SI. RESULTS Overall, we observed a SI rate of 14% in our sample. Participants with Type 2 diabetes using insulin reported more frequent depressive symptoms, and were more likely to report recent SI (19%) compared with those with either Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes not using insulin (14 and 12%, respectively). After controlling for depression, there was little difference in the prevalence of SI between diabetes types/treatments, but higher diabetes-specific distress significantly increased the odds of SI. CONCLUSIONS As SI is a significant risk factor for a suicide attempt, the findings have implications for healthcare professionals, pointing to the importance of adequate screening and action plans for appropriate follow-up of those reporting depression. Our findings are also indicative of the psychological toll of diabetes more generally, and the need to integrate physical and mental healthcare for people with diabetes.
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Makamure MT, Reddy P, Chuturgoon A, Naidoo RN, Mentz G, Batterman S, Robins TG. Interaction between ambient pollutant exposure, CD14 (-159) polymorphism and respiratory outcomes among children in Kwazulu-Natal, Durban. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:238-246. [PMID: 27142357 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116646620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxde (NO2), nitrous oxide (NO), and PM10, and variation in lung function measures was modified by genotype. A validated questionnaire was administered to 71 African children to evaluate prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Atopy was evaluated by skin-prick testing and bihourly measures of lung function (spirometry) were collected. Gaseous air pollutant concentrations were monitored continuously. CD14 polymorphism was genotyped and plasma CD14 levels were measured. There was no statistically significant association between the CD14 (159) CT+TT polymorphism with any asthma-related phenotype. There was a significant association between lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second intraday variability) and NO2 and NO among participants carrying the CD14 CT/TT genotype for lags 1, 2, and the 5-day average. Similarly, statistically significant gene-pollutant interactions ( p < 0.05) were found with NO and CD14 CT/TT at lag 2 and for the 5-day average. While there was no association with any respiratory phenotype (as determined by symptoms), the CD14 CT/TT genotype appeared to be protective to increased exposure to NO2 and NO.
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Arnautovska U, McPhedran S, Kelly B, Reddy P, De Leo D. Geographic variation in suicide rates in Australian farmers: Why is the problem more frequent in Queensland than in New South Wales? DEATH STUDIES 2016; 40:367-372. [PMID: 26890223 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1153007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on farmer suicide is limited in explaining the variations in farmers' demographic characteristics. This study examines farmer suicides in two Australian states: Queensland (QLD) and New South Wales (NSW). Standardized suicide rates over 2000-2009 showed a 2 times higher prevalence of suicide in QLD than NSW (147 vs. 92 cases, respectively). Differences in age and suicide method were observed between states, although they do not appear to account for the sizeable intra- and interstate variations. Suicide prevention initiatives for farmers should account for different age groups and also specific place-based risk factors that may vary between and within jurisdictions.
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Reddy P, Wickers J, Terry T, Lamont P, Moller J, Dormandy JA. What is the Correct Period of Bandaging following Sclerotherapy? Phlebology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026835558600100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two consecutive randomized trials following injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins compared 3 and 6 weeks bandaging in 148 patients and 1 to 3 weeks bandaging in 130 patients. Objective assessment and patient's symptoms, using a scoring system, correlated well and showed that there was no difference whatsoever between 3 and 6 weeks' bandaging after a 6 year follow-up. In the second trial, the patients who were bandaged for 3 weeks were significantly better (P < 0.001) than after only one week of bandaging at a maximum follow up of 4 years. Long term follow up of injection sclerotherapy for primary varicose veins suggests that 3 weeks is superior to 1 week bandaging, but that there is no additional advantage in continuing bandaging for six weeks.
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Song B, Thompson D, Fiorino A, Ganjeh Y, Reddy P, Meyhofer E. Radiative heat conductances between dielectric and metallic parallel plates with nanoscale gaps. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:509-514. [PMID: 26950244 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that radiative heat transfer between objects separated by nanometre-scale gaps considerably exceeds the predictions of far-field radiation theories. Exploiting this near-field enhancement is of great interest for emerging technologies such as near-field thermophotovoltaics and nano-lithography because of the expected increases in efficiency, power conversion or resolution in these applications. Past measurements, however, were performed using tip-plate or sphere-plate configurations and failed to realize the orders of magnitude increases in radiative heat currents predicted from near-field radiative heat transfer theory. Here, we report 100- to 1,000-fold enhancements (at room temperature) in the radiative conductance between parallel-planar surfaces at gap sizes below 100 nm, in agreement with the predictions of near-field theories. Our measurements were performed in vacuum gaps between prototypical materials (SiO2-SiO2, Au-Au, SiO2-Au and Au-Si) using two microdevices and a custom-built nanopositioning platform, which allows precise control over a broad range of gap sizes (from <100 nm to 10 μm). Our experimental set-up will enable systematic studies of a variety of near-field-based thermal phenomena, with important implications for thermophotovoltaic applications, that have been predicted but have defied experimental verification.
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Rao B, Fathima S, Viswanath V, Prakash K, Padmini D, Reddy P. Novel Citric Acid Dendritic Hydrogels for the Delivery of Econazole Nitrate and its Antifungal Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2016.601213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chughtai K, Song Y, Zhang P, Derstine B, Gatza E, Friedman J, Hully L, Inglis C, Goldstein S, Magenau J, Pawarode A, Reddy P, Riwes M, Yanik G, Wang SC, Choi SW. Analytic morphomics: a novel CT imaging approach to quantify adipose tissue and muscle composition in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 51:446-50. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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