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Zhong YH, Yang Q, Liu Z, Wang YF, Li L, Wen J, Liu LJ, Luo DH. [The value of MRI plain scan and DWI in the diagnosis of brain metastases]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2021; 43:466-471. [PMID: 33902209 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20190313-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plain scan and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of brain metastases. Methods: The MRI plain imaging findings of 105 cases with brain metastases and 103 cases without brain metastases confirmed by enhanced MRI examination and clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. The comparisons of plain MRI findings including T1 weighted image (T1WI), T2WI, T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR), DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were made between brain metastases and non-brain metastases. Results: The numbers of hypo-intensity, iso-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of T1WI in the brain metastatic group were 54, 23, 9 and 19, respectively, while the numbers of hypo-intensity and iso-intensity in the non-brain metastatic group were 52 and 51, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The numbers of hypo-intensity, iso-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of T2WI in the brain metastatic group were 1, 9, 72 and 23, respectively, while the numbers of iso-intensity and hyper-intensity in the non-brain metastatic group were 11 and 92, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The numbers of hypo-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of DWI in the brain metastatic group were 4, 31 and 65, respectively, while the number of hyper-intensity in the non-brain metastatic group was 4 and others were iso-intensity, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The numbers of hypo-intensity, iso-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of T2WI/FLAIR in the brain metastatic group were 4, 5, 60 and 36, respectively, while all cases in the non-brain metastatic group were hyper-intensity, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The number of lesion accompanied with peripheral edema in the brain metastatic group were 69 cases, significantly higher than 0 cases in the non-brain metastatic group (P<0.001). The mean ADC value in the brain metastatic group were (0.919±0.019)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, significantly lower than (1.098±0.012)×10(-3) mm(2)/s of non-brain metastatic group (P<0.05). Conclusions: For patients with a history of primary malignancy, the MRI plain scan signals of T1WI, T2WI, T2WI/FLAIR and DWI are significantly different between brain metastatic tumor and non-metastatic tumor. The mixed signal, peripheral edema and the restriction of DWI diffusion indicate brain metastases. The combined application of the above parameters can improve the diagnostic efficacy of predicting brain metastases, and contrast enhancement MRI examination should be performed for the confirmation of diagnosis.
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Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland LC, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Butterworth J, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Edmonds T, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Harabasz S, Harris JW, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hong Y, Horvat S, Hu Y, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Humanic TJ, Huo P, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Jowzaee S, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kinghorn TA, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Kocan M, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kulathunga Mudiyanselage N, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu P, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Lukow NS, Luo S, Luo X, Ma GL, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Moravcova Z, Morozov DA, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Panebratsev Y, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Porter J, Posik M, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Radhakrishnan SK, Ramachandran S, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Sheikh AI, Shen WQ, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Smirnov N, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu Y, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu YF, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhong C, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Global Polarization of Ξ and Ω Hyperons in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:162301. [PMID: 33961449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global polarization of Ξ and Ω hyperons has been measured for the first time in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements of the Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+} hyperon polarization have been performed by two independent methods, via analysis of the angular distribution of the daughter particles in the parity violating weak decay Ξ→Λ+π, as well as by measuring the polarization of the daughter Λ hyperon, polarized via polarization transfer from its parent. The polarization, obtained by combining the results from the two methods and averaged over Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+}, is measured to be ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩=0.47±0.10(stat)±0.23(syst)% for the collision centrality 20%-80%. The ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩ is found to be slightly larger than the inclusive Λ polarization and in reasonable agreement with a multiphase transport model. The ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩ is found to follow the centrality dependence of the vorticity predicted in the model, increasing toward more peripheral collisions. The global polarization of Ω, ⟨P_{Ω}⟩=1.11±0.87(stat)±1.97(syst)% was obtained by measuring the polarization of daughter Λ in the decay Ω→Λ+K, assuming the polarization transfer factor C_{ΩΛ}=1.
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Scher HI, Armstrong AJ, Schonhoft JD, Gill A, Zhao JL, Barnett E, Carbone E, Lu J, Antonarakis ES, Luo J, Tagawa S, Dos Anjos CH, Yang Q, George D, Szmulewitz R, Danila DC, Wenstrup R, Gonen M, Halabi S. Development and validation of circulating tumour cell enumeration (Epic Sciences) as a prognostic biomarker in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2021; 150:83-94. [PMID: 33894633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic significance of circulating tumour cell (CTC) number determined on the Epic Sciences platform in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with an androgen receptor signalling inhibitor (ARSI). PATIENTS AND METHODS A pre-treatment blood sample was collected from men with progressing mCRPC starting either abiraterone or enzalutamide as a first-, second- or third-line systemic therapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Discovery cohort, N = 171) or as a first- or second-line therapy as part of the multicenter PROPHECY trial (NCT02269982) (Validation cohort, N = 107). The measured CTC number was then associated with overall survival (OS) in the Discovery cohort, and progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in the Validation cohort. CTC enumeration was also performed on a concurrently obtained blood sample using the CellSearch® Circulating Tumor Cell Kit. RESULTS In the MSKCC Discovery cohort, CTC count was a statistically significant prognostic factor of OS as a dichotomous (<3 CTCs/mL versus ≥ 3 CTCs/mL; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.3-3.0]) and a continuous variable when adjusting for line of therapy, presence of visceral metastases, prostate-specific antigen, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The findings were validated in an independent datas et from PROPHECY (HR [95% CI] = 1.8 [1.1-3.0] for OS and 1.7 [1.1-2.9] for PFS). A strong correlation was also observed between CTC counts determined in matched samples on the CellSearch® and Epic platforms (r = 0.84). CONCLUSION The findings validate the prognostic significance of pretreatment CTC number determined on the Epic Sciences platform for predicting OS in men with progressing mCRPC starting an ARSI.
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Li X, Xu LS, Xu YF, Yang Q, Fang ZX, Yao M, Chen WY. The gene regulatory network in different brain regions of neuropathic pain mouse models. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:5053-5061. [PMID: 32432769 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202005_21198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropathic pain is directly developed from lesions or somatosensory nervous system diseases that are associated with emotion regulation. In general population, the incidence of neuropathic pain ranges from 7% to 10%, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Neuropathic pain is often associated with structural and functional abnormalities in multiple brain regions, and its regulation has been shown to correspond with the forebrain, including nucleus accumbens (NAc), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and periaqueductal gray (PAG). MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain across different brain regions, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the spared nerve injury model (SNI) mice suffering neuropathic pain and the control Sham mice in NAc, mPFC and PAG three brain regions, and mapped these genes onto a comprehensively functional association network. Thereafter, novel neuropathic pain genes in these three regions were identified using With Random Walk with Restart (RWR) analysis, such as Asic3, Cd200r1 and MT2, besides well-known Capn11 and CYP2E1. RESULTS Interactions or cross talks among DEGs in NAc, mPFC and PAG three brain regions were discovered. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel insights into neuropathic pain and help to explore therapeutic targets in the treatment.
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Shaw RJ, Yang Q, Barnes A, Hatch D, Crowley MJ, Vorderstrasse A, Vaughn J, Diane A, Lewinski AA, Jiang M, Stevenson J, Steinberg D. Self-monitoring diabetes with multiple mobile health devices. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 27:667-676. [PMID: 32134447 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the use of multiple mobile health technologies to generate and transmit data from diverse patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in between clinic visits. We examined the data to identify patterns that describe characteristics of patients for clinical insights. METHODS We enrolled 60 adults with T2DM from a US healthcare system to participate in a 6-month longitudinal feasibility trial. Patient weight, physical activity, and blood glucose were self-monitored via devices provided at baseline. Patients also responded to biweekly medication adherence text message surveys. Data were aggregated in near real-time. Measures of feasibility assessing total engagement in device submissions and survey completion over the 6 months of observation were calculated. RESULTS It was feasible for participants from different socioeconomic, educational, and racial backgrounds to use and track relevant diabetes-related data from multiple mobile health devices for at least 6 months. Both the transmission and engagement of the data revealed notable patterns and varied by patient characteristics. DISCUSSION Using multiple mobile health tools allowed us to derive clinical insights from diverse patients with diabetes. The ubiquitous adoption of smartphones across racial, educational, and socioeconomic populations and the integration of data from mobile health devices into electronic health records present an opportunity to develop new models of care delivery for patients with T2DM that may promote equity as well.
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Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland LC, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Butterworth J, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Edmonds T, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Harabasz S, Harris JW, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hong Y, Horvat S, Hu Y, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Humanic TJ, Huo P, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Jowzaee S, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kinghorn TA, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Kocan M, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kulathunga Mudiyanselage N, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu P, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Lukow NS, Luo S, Luo X, Ma GL, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Moravcova Z, Morozov DA, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Panebratsev Y, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Porter J, Posik M, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Radhakrishnan SK, Ramachandran S, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Sheikh AI, Shen WQ, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Smirnov N, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu Y, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu YF, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhong C, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Nonmonotonic Energy Dependence of Net-Proton Number Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:092301. [PMID: 33750161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1 σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data in noncentral Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}].
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Yang X, Mu T, Liao W, Huang T, Zhang X, Yang Q, Duan J, Chen S, Fan J. P35.20 Genomic Profiling and PD-L1 Expression Association Analysis in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-infected Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8885113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang B, Xu X, Lu H, Wang L, Yang Q. Removal of phoxim, chlorothalonil and Cr3+ from vegetable using bubble flow. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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An R, Shi Y, Shen J, Bullard T, Liu G, Yang Q, Chen N, Cao L. Effect of front-of-package nutrition labeling on food purchases: a systematic review. Public Health 2021; 191:59-67. [PMID: 33517247 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study systematically reviewed evidence from interventions on the effect of front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling on food purchases. STUDY DESIGN The study design used in this study is a systematic review. METHODS Keyword search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. RESULTS Fifteen studies (10 randomized controlled trials, four pre-post studies, and one case-control study) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Five studies were conducted in a controlled setting through the establishment of an online virtual supermarket or physical laboratory food store solely for the intervention. In contrast, the remaining ten studies were conducted in a naturalistic setting where people commonly purchase foods (e.g., supermarket, grocery store, school/hospital cafeteria, or vending machine). FOP labels assessed included traffic lights, health star rating, daily intake guides, health warnings, and high sugar symbol labels. Compared with the control, FOP labels were effective for helping participants make healthier food purchase decisions in five of the 12 studies that assessed traffic lights labels, in one of the two studies that assessed health warning labels, and in one study that assessed high sugar symbol labels. Three assessed health star ratings and one assessed daily intake guide labels, but none revealed an effect on food purchases compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS Findings on the effectiveness of FOP nutrition labels in 'nudging' consumers toward healthier food purchases remain mixed and inconclusive. Future studies should examine other types of FOP labels beside the traffic lights labels and explore the different effects by consumer affordability, population subgroup, and shopping environment.
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Yang Q, Wei XY, Tang XH, Chen XY. Correlation analysis between polymorphisms of IL-2 gene and preeclampsia. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 34:1869-1873. [PMID: 33169590 DOI: 10.23812/20-163-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Han X, Yang Q, Zhang J, Cao J. Correlation between changes in the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes and survival rate in patients with cervical cancer after radio-chemotherapy. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:72-76. [PMID: 33414058 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the absolute numbers of various types of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood before and after chemotherapy following radio-chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer, so as to explore the correlation between the changes in the absolute numbers of peripheral various types of lymphocytes and the overall survival rate of patients. METHODS Data of 205 patients with cervical cancer admitted to the hospital from June 2014 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients underwent concurrent radio-chemotherapy, followed by chemotherapy. The absolute numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes and subtypes were compared before and after re-chemotherapy. RESULTS For patients with a good prognosis, the number of lymphocytes, T cells, and cytotoxic T cells (Tc) significantly decreased (P<0.05) after re-chemotherapy, while this phenomenon was not observed in patients with poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis showed that patients with cervical cancer who had an advanced FIGO stage before treatment, presence of lymph node metastasis, and increased numbers of Tc and T helper cells after re-chemotherapy showed a low 30-month survival rate; the overall log-rank analysis showed significant differences (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, presence of lymph node metastasis: HR=9.718, P=0.002, 95% CI=0.183-0.679; Tc grouping: HR=3.239, P=0.0.072, 95% CI=0.950-03.347; Th group: HR=3.197, P=0.074, 95% CI=0.943-3.564. CONCLUSIONS After radio-chemotherapy, in patients with advanced cervical cancer, the change in the numbers of peripheral blood Tc and Th before and after re-chemotherapy was associated with the 30-month overall survival rate of patients. It can be considered as a predictor of the survival of patients with advanced cervical cancer.
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Lin P, Li C, Lu Y, Daijun S. The Effect of Supplementing Tea Polyphenols in Diet of Laying Hens on Yolk Cholesterol Content and Production Performance. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yang Q, Fu S, Zou P, Hao J, Wei D, Xie G, Huang J. Coordination of primary metabolism and virulence factors expression mediates the virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus towards cultured shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:50-67. [PMID: 33151560 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a severe bacterial disease of cultured shrimp. To identify the key virulence factors, two AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND ) strains (123 and 137) and two non-VpAHPND strains (HZ56 and ATCC 17082) were selected. METHODS AND RESULTS Challenge tests showed that the four strains exhibited different virulence towards shrimp with cumulative mortalities at 48 h postinfection (hpi) ranging from 10 to 92%. The expression of pirABVP in strain 123 and 137 was not significantly different. Genomic analysis revealed that the two VpAHPND strains contain a plasmid with the PirABVP toxins (pirABVP ) flanked by the insertion sequence (ISVal1) that has been identified in various locations of chromosomes in VpAHPND strains. The two VpAHPND strains possessed almost identical virulence factors, while ISVal1 disrupted three genes related to flagellar motility in strain 137. Phenotype assay showed that strain 123 possessed the highest growth rate and swimming motility, followed by strain 137, suggesting that the disruption of essential genes mediated by ISVal1 significantly affected the virulence level. Transcriptome analysis of two VpAHPND strains (123 and 137) further suggested that virulence genes related to the capsule, flagella and primary metabolism were highly expressed in strain 123. CONCLUSIONS Here for the first time, it is demonstrated that the virulence of VpAHPND is not only determined by the expression of pirABVP , but also is mediated by ISVal1 which affects the genes involved in flagellar motility and primary metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The genomic and transcriptomic analysis of VpAHPND strains provides valuable information on the virulence factors affecting the pathogenicity of VpAHPND.
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Guo Y, Yang Q, Hu W, Zhang Z, Wang J, Hu C. Automatic Segmentation Of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma On MR Images: A Single-Institution Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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115
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Moosavi V, Ebrahimi R, Yang Q, Harvey T, Das S, Ariarathna N, Tran Q, Marley P, Farshid A. What troponin I level post PCI in SIHD is predictive of higher risk of MACE? Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
According to the 4th universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI), post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) MI is defined as an elevation of cardiac troponin values more than five times above the 99th percentile upper reference limit. The ISCHEMIA Trial in stable ischaemic heart disease (SIHD) patients reported post PCI troponin rise as part of the primary endpoint. What represents a clinically significant troponin rise post PCI has not been clearly established.
Purpose
The aim of our study was to correlate the level of troponin I rise with adverse events post PCI in SIHD.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of our PCI registry in patients with SIHD between 2014 and 2018. Patients with acute coronary syndrome were excluded. HS-troponin I was measured one day after the procedure. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, MI, stent thrombosis (ST) and need for repeat revascularization within 12 months from index procedure.
Results
Between 2014 and 2018, 920 patients (mean age 67.5 years, 78% male) underwent PCI for SIHD. Troponin rise post PCI was a common event and a level more than 100ng/L (reference range <26 ng/L) occurred in 54% of patients. Mean and median troponin I level post PCI was 675 ng/L±2530 and 118 ng/L respectively. In patients with MACE, mean troponin I level was 1361 ng/L compared with 611 ng/L in patients without MACE (P=0.0176). Correlation of troponin I level with one year MACE rates are shown in the Graph. MACE rates were steady at 8.5% with troponin I levels below 2500 ng/L after which there was a significant increase in the MACE rates. At troponin I level above 5000 ng/L MACE was 13.6% and above 10,000 ng/L it was 33.3%.
Conclusion
Troponin I levels above 2500 ng/L (x100 upper limit normal) correlated with an increase in the risk of MACE in patients undergoing PCI for SIHD. Our results suggest that current definitions of procedural MI overestimate the clinical significance of post PCI troponin rise.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Cai M, Yang Q, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Hu W, Hu C. Combining Images and Clinical Diagnostic Information to Improve Automatic Segmentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tumors on MR Images. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lu P, Gong X, Tian F, Yang Q, Liu Y, Yao Z, Wang J, Cui Z, Liu Y, Gao J. Optimization of GRACE risk stratification by NT-proBNP combined with D-dimer in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
GRACE risk score is the most widely used tool to predict the risk of death and myocardial infarction in patients with Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Some biomarkers have been shown to have a high predictive value for prognosis. But the models constructed using these studies have some drawbacks, including the using biomarkers that are not routinely monitored.
Aims
To explore the optimizing role of multiple biomarkers in GRACE risk stratification in NSTEMI and then develop a new scoring system based on GRACE.
Methods
1.This multi-center, prospective, cohort study enrolled 1357 patients (mean age 65±12 years; 57% male). Common clinical indicators were collected within the first 12h after admission. 2.The outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE: all-cause death,unstable angina, heart failure, recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke). 3.Cox multivariate anlysis was used to quantify the biomarker effect. C-index, NRI and IDI were calculated to verify that the biomarkers improve the predictive accuracy of GRACE.
Results
1. During follow-up (mean: 339 days), 57 participants died and 211 participants had 231 MACE. In COX analysis, NT-proBNP (P<0.0001), and d-dimer (P=0.0092) were significant independent biomarkers for death. NT-proBNP (P<0.0001), fibrinogen (P=0.0177) and d-dimer (P<0.0001) were significant independent biomarkers for MACE. 2. For all-cause death, the combination of NT-proBNP and D-dimer improved the predictive accuracy of GRACE the most. For MACE, trigeminal combination of NT-proBNP, fibrinogen, and D-dimer improved GRACE the most 3. NT-proBNP, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and GRACE comprise a new scoring system for assessing 1-year clinical events. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant rise in 1-year mortality and MACE between different score groups.
Conclusions
The combination of NT-proBNP, and d-dimer added the prognostic value of GRACE for all-cause death and MACE. Our newly developed scoring system can be easily calculated in clinical practice and strongly correlated with all-cause mortality and MACE.
Risk score and survival curve
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Major Science and Technology Projects of Tianjin Science and Technology Commission in 2016; Key Project of Healthcare Industry of Tianjin in 2016
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Zhang P, Fan Y, Xie K, Kang L, Yang Q, Guan W, Chen A, Tang Q. PO-0814: Clinical feature and survival result of ascending, descending, mixed types of NPC in nonendemic area. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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119
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Li M, Yue J, Wan X, Hua B, Yang Q, Yang P, Zhang Z, Pei Q. PO-0953: Risk-adapted Postmastectomy Radiotherapy based on Prognostic Nomogram for pT1-2N1M0 Breast Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Guo Y, Yang Q, Hu W, Zhang Z, Wang J, Hu C. Automatic T-staging Using Weakly Supervised Deep Learning For Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma On MR Images. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang Q, Fullagar WK, Myers GR, Latham SJ, Varslot T, Sheppard AP, Kingston AM. X-ray attenuation models to account for beam hardening in computed tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:9126-9136. [PMID: 33104623 DOI: 10.1364/ao.402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a beam-hardening correction method for lab-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) by modifying existing iterative tomographic reconstruction algorithms. Our method simplifies the standard Alvarez-Macovski X-ray attenuation model [Phys. Med. Biol.21, 733 (1976)] and is compatible with conventional (i.e., single-spectrum) CT scans. The sole modification involves a polychromatic projection operation, which is equivalent to applying a weighting that more closely matches the attenuation of polychromatic X-rays. Practicality is a priority, so we only require information about the X-ray spectrum and some constants relating to material properties. No other changes to the experimental setup or the iterative algorithms are necessary. Using reconstructions of simulations and several large experimental datasets, we show that this method is able to remove or reduce cupping, streaking, and other artefacts from X-ray beam hardening and improve the self-consistency of projected attenuation in CT. When the assumptions made in the simplifications are valid, the reconstructed tomogram can even be quantitative.
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Qu CX, Shi XC, Bi H, Zhai LQ, Yang Q. LncRNA AOC4P affects biological behavior of gastric cancer cells through MAPK signaling pathway. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:8852-8860. [PMID: 31696472 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201910_19280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is closely related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, but the mechanism and clinical significance of lncRNA AOC4P are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of lncRNA AOC4P in gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA AOC4P in 80 gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), flow cytometry and transwell assays were used to study the effects of lncRNA AOC4P on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Western blot was used to detect the related protein level of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway. RESULTS The expression of lncRNA AOC4P in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues. OS or DFS time were significantly shortened in patients with gastric cancer with high expression of lncRNA AOC4P. Inhibition of lncRNA AOC4P expression can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, promoting cell apoptosis to some extent. Inhibition of lncRNA AOC4P expression also can result in the decreased expression levels of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 proteins. CONCLUSIONS High expression of lncRNA AOC4P in gastric cancer may be related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of gastric cancer. LncRNA AOC4P is expected to become a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Yu LM, Zhang TY, Yin XH, Yang Q, Lu F, Yan JZ, Li C. Denitrosylation of nNOS induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion contributes to nitrosylation of CaMKII and its inhibition of autophosphorylation in hippocampal CA1. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:7674-7683. [PMID: 31539160 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201909_18891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between CaMKII S-nitrosylation and its activation, as well as the underlying mechanism, after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established by four-vessel occlusion of 15 min and reperfusion of different times. nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), exogenous nitric oxide donor GSNO (nitrosoglutathione), or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801 were administered before ischemia. The expressions of S-nitrosylation and phosphorylation of CaMKII and nNOS were detected by biotin switch assay, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical staining after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells after administration of the three drugs was examined by cresyl violet staining. RESULTS Following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the S-nitrosylation of CaMKII was increased, accompanied by a decrease of phosphorylation, suggesting a decrease of activity (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation of nNOS were notably decreased at the same time point (p<0.05). The administration of 7-NI, GSNO, and MK-801 increased the S-nitrosylation and phosphorylation of nNOS, leading to the attenuation of increased S-nitrosylation and decreased autophosphorylation of CaMKII after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (p<0.05). Administration of MK-801, GSNO, and 7-NI significantly decreased the neuronal damage in rat hippocampal CA1 caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the decrease of autophosphorylation of CaMKII regulated by its S-nitrosylation may be due to the denitrosylation of nNOS and subsequent NO production. Increasing the phosphorylation of CaMKII by nNOS inhibitor, exogenous NO donor or NMDA receptor antagonist exerted neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Wang F, Kong YX, Yang Q. [Pediatric heart transplantation for a case with fulminant myocarditis aided by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2020; 58:843-844. [PMID: 32987466 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200310-00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ma G, Han D, Dang S, Yu N, Yang Q, Yang C, Jin C, Dou Y. Replacing true unenhanced imaging in renal carcinoma with virtual unenhanced images in dual-energy spectral CT: a feasibility study. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:81.e21-81.e27. [PMID: 32993881 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical value of virtual unenhanced (VNC) spectral computed tomography (CT) images to replace the conventional true unenhanced spectral CT images (TNC) in diagnosing renal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six cases of renal carcinoma confirmed by histopathology underwent conventional plain CT and contrast-enhanced spectral CT at arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP). VNC images were generated on an AW4.6 workstation. The CT attenuation, image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-noise-ratio (SNR) of the renal lesions and normal kidneys, long and short axis diameters of the lesion were measured from the three image sets and analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Two radiologists evaluated image quality subjectively using a five-point score, and lesion signature using a three-point score. Image quality scores were compared statistically and tested for consistency. RESULTS The two reviewers had good agreement for subjective evaluation (Kappa>0.70) and there was no difference in the quality of the scores among the three image groups. The lesion signature scores were all above the acceptable level. The CNR and SNR values in VNC were significantly higher than in TNC (p<0.05). VNC images had lower renal noise than in TNC (p<0.05). There was no difference in the long and short axis diameters of the lesion among the three image groups. VNC had higher CT attenuation values for the lesion and kidney than TNC (p<0.05), but the differences were <5 HU. CONCLUSION VNC images in spectral CT may be used to replace the conventional plain CT to reduce imaging duration and radiation dose in diagnosing renal carcinoma.
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