101
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Singh DP, Yadav A, Bala I, Raghav A, Shuaib M, Kumar P, Singh PP, Unnati, Sharma MK, Sharma VR, Kumar R, Gupta RK, Singh BP, Prasad R. Observation of incomplete fusion at low angular momenta. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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102
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Singh PP, Yadav A, Sharma VR, Sharma MK, Kumar P, Sahoo RN, Kumar R, Singh RP, Muralithar S, Singh BP, Bhowmik RK, Prasad R. Projectile - Mass asymmetry systematics for low energy incomplete fusion. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159601029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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103
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Prasad R. Major Sulphur Compounds in Plants and their Role in Human Nutrition and Health - An overview. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2014. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i5/47972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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104
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Masters ND, Fisher A, Kalantar D, Prasad R, Stölken JS, Wlodarczyk C. Evaluation of observed blast loading effects on NIF x-ray diagnostic collimators. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:11D628. [PMID: 25430204 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the "debris wind" models used to estimate the impulsive load to which x-ray diagnostics and other structures are subject during National Ignition Facility experiments. These models are used as part of the engineering design process. Isotropic models, based on simulations or simplified "expanding shell" models, are augmented by debris wind multipliers to account for directional anisotropy. We present improvements to these multipliers based on measurements of the permanent deflections of diagnostic components: 4× for the polar direction and 2× within the equatorial plane-the latter relaxing the previous heuristic debris wind multiplier.
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105
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Hu J, Phuphanich S, Fan X, Rudnick J, Prasad R. RM-02 * LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS FOLLOWING STROKE: A NON-CONSECUTIVE CASE SERIES. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou273.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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106
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Singh Shivay Y, Prasad R. Effect of source and methods of zinc application on corn productivity, nitrogen and zinc concentrations and uptake by high quality protein corn ( Zea mays). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/ejb.v16i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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107
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Yadav R, Prasad R. Identification and functional characterization of sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase protein from rice and structural elucidation by in silico approach. PLANTA 2014; 240:223-238. [PMID: 24817585 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) is a key enzyme for sorbitol synthesis and plays an important role in the alleviation of salinity stress in plants. Despite the huge significance, the structure and the mode of action of this enzyme are still not known. In the present study, sequence analysis, cloning, expression, activity assays and enzyme kinetics using various substrates (glucose-6-phosphate, sorbitol-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate) were performed to establish the functional role of S6PDH protein from rice (Oryza sativa). For the structural analysis of the protein, a comparative homology model was prepared on the basis of percentage sequence identity and substrate similarity using the crystal structure of human aldose reductase in complex with glucose-6-phosphate and NADP(+) (PDB ID: 2ACQ) as a template. Molecular docking was performed for studying the structural details of substrate binding and possible enzyme mechanism. The cloned sequence resulted into an active recombinant protein when expressed into a bacterial expression system. The purified recombinant protein was found to be active with glucose-6-phosphate and sorbitol-6-phosphate; however, activity against mannose-6-phosphate was not found. The K m values for glucose-6-phosphate and sorbitol-6-phosphate were found to be 15.9 ± 0.2 and 7.21 ± 0.5 mM, respectively. A molecular-level analysis of the active site of OsS6PDH provides valuable information about the enzyme mechanism and requisite enantioselectivity for its physiological substrates. Thus, the fundamental studies of structure and function of OsS6PDH could serve as the basis for the future studies of bio-catalytic applications of this enzyme.
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108
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Saroj S, Kumar K, Pareek N, Prasad R, Singh RP. Biodegradation of azo dyes acid red 183, direct blue 15 and direct red 75 by the isolate Penicillium oxalicum SAR-3. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:240-248. [PMID: 24418068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with dyes were collected and screened for obtaining potential fungal strains for the degradation of azo dyes. A strain that demonstrated broad spectrum ability for catabolizing different azo dyes viz. Acid Red 183 (AR 183), Direct Blue 15 (DB 15) and Direct Red 75 (DR 75) at 100 mg L(-1) concentration was subsequently identified as Penicillium oxalicum SAR-3 based on 18S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequence analysis. The strain has shown remarkably higher levels of degradation (95-100%) for almost all the dyes within 120 h at 30°C at pH 7.0. Notable levels of manganese peroxidase (659.4 ± 20 UL(-1)) during dye decolorization indicated the involvement of this enzyme in the decolorization process. The dyes following decolorization were catabolized as evident by spectroscopic analyses.
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109
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Sharma H, Mavuduru RS, Singh SK, Prasad R. Heterogeneous spectrum of mutations in CFTR gene from Indian patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens and their association with cystic fibrosis genetic modifiers. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:827-35. [PMID: 24958810 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is usually considered a rare disease in the Indian population. Two studies have reported on the frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in Indian males with congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD), however, data on the spectrum of CFTR gene mutations are still lacking. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify the spectrum of CFTR gene mutations as well as to investigate an association of CF genetic modifiers in the penetrance of CAVD in infertile Indian men. A total of 60 consecutive infertile males with a diagnosis of CAVD were subjected to CFTR gene analysis which revealed 13 different CFTR gene mutations and 1 intronic variant that led to aberrant splicing. p.Phe508del (n = 16) and p.Arg117His (n = 4) were among the most common severe forms of CFTR mutations identified. The IVS8-T5 allele, which is considered as a mild form of CFTR mutation, was found with an allelic frequency of 28.3%. Eight novel mutations were also identified in the CFTR gene from our patient cohort. It is noteworthy that the spectrum of CFTR gene mutation is heterogeneous, with exon 4 and exon 11 as hot spot regions. Moreover, we also found an association of the CF genetic modifiers, viz., transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and endothelial receptor type-A (EDNRA) genes with the CAVD phenotype. The findings are of considerable clinical significance because men suffering from infertility due to CAVD can decide to use artificial reproduction technology. The children of men with CAVD are at risk of carrying CFTR mutations; therefore, genetic counseling is a crucial step for such patients. With special reference to developing countries, such as India, where whole gene sequencing is not feasible, the outcome of our study will make the screening procedure for CFTR gene simpler and more cost-effective as we have identified hot spot regions of the CFTR gene which are more prone to mutation in Indian males with CAVD. Moreover, this is the first study from the Indian population to investigate the association of CF genetic modifiers with penetrance of the CAVD phenotype. The observed association of the genetic modifiers TGF-β1 and EDNRA in the penetrance of CAVD further supports their involvement in genesis of the vas deferens.
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110
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Prasad R, Kowalczyk JC, Meimaridou E, Storr HL, Metherell LA. Oxidative stress and adrenocortical insufficiency. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:R63-73. [PMID: 24623797 PMCID: PMC4045218 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of redox balance is essential for normal cellular functions. Any perturbation in this balance due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress and may lead to cell dysfunction/damage/death. Mitochondria are responsible for the majority of cellular ROS production secondary to electron leakage as a consequence of respiration. Furthermore, electron leakage by the cytochrome P450 enzymes may render steroidogenic tissues acutely vulnerable to redox imbalance. The adrenal cortex, in particular, is well supplied with both enzymatic (glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins) and non-enzymatic (vitamins A, C and E) antioxidants to cope with this increased production of ROS due to steroidogenesis. Nonetheless oxidative stress is implicated in several potentially lethal adrenal disorders including X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, triple A syndrome and most recently familial glucocorticoid deficiency. The finding of mutations in antioxidant defence genes in the latter two conditions highlights how disturbances in redox homeostasis may have an effect on adrenal steroidogenesis.
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111
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Varma A, Sree KS, Arora M, Bajaj R, Prasad R, Kharkwal AC. Functions of Novel Symbiotic Fungus - Piriformospora Indica. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2014. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i2/55119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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112
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Bolton P, Borghesi M, Brenner C, Carroll D, De Martinis C, Fiorini F, Flacco A, Floquet V, Fuchs J, Gallegos P, Giove D, Green J, Green S, Jones B, Kirby D, McKenna P, Neely D, Nuesslin F, Prasad R, Reinhardt S, Roth M, Schramm U, Scott G, Ter-Avetisyan S, Tolley M, Turchetti G, Wilkens J. Instrumentation for diagnostics and control of laser-accelerated proton (ion) beams. Phys Med 2014; 30:255-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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113
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Agarwal S, Prasad R, Devasia T, Kareem H. 'A rare cause of angina': multiple coronary cameral fistulae simulating coronary artery disease in a 71-year-old man. CASE REPORTS 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-204608. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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114
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Radha S, Tameem A, Sridhar G, Aiyangar A, Rajaram KG, Prasad R, Kiran K. Thrombotic microangiopathy in renal allografts. Indian J Nephrol 2014; 24:24-7. [PMID: 24574627 PMCID: PMC3927186 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.125052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious complication of renal transplantation. It is a morphological expression of various etiological factors. In a renal allograft, TMA can occur de novo or be a recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiological factors and observe the changing trends of TMA with respect to emerging new etiological factors. We evaluated 131 graft biopsies over a period of 2½ years (2010-2012). All the renal biopsies were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded. Twenty serial sections were studied. Stains routinely used were Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff, Massons Trichrome and Silver Methenamine stains. C4d by immunohistochemical method was done on all graft biopsies. Incidence of TMA in our series was 9.1%. Out of the 12 cases, five were associated with calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, three were diagnosed as acute antibody-mediated rejection, and two were recurrent haemolytic uremic syndrome. One patient developed haemolytic uremic syndrome on treatment with sirolimus and one patient was cytomegalovirus positive on treatment with ganciclovir, developed haemolytic uremic syndrome during treatment course. This study describes a spectrum of etiological factors for thrombotic mciroangiopathy ranging from common cause like calcineurin inhibitor toxicity to rare cause like ganciclovir induced TMA.
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115
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Mishra A, Prasad R. Preparation and Application of Perovskite Catalysts for Diesel Soot Emissions Control: An Overview. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2014.866438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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116
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Singh R, Thapa BR, Kaur G, Prasad R. Molecular characterization of mutations in galactosemia genes: structural and functional implications. Mol Cytogenet 2014. [PMCID: PMC4044578 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-s1-o8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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117
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Sharma VR, Yadav A, Singh DP, Singh PP, Bala I, Kumar R, Sharma MK, Gupta S, Murlithar S, Singh RP, Singh BP, Prasad R. Incomplete fusion reactions at low energies in 13C+ 169Tm system. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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118
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Verma A, Dwivedi R, Sharma P, Prasad R. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over zirconium vanadate catalyst prepared by solution combustion method. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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119
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Rattan G, Prasad R, Katyal R. Alumina-supported CuO–CeO 2–ZrO 2Catalysts for CO Oxidation – Preparation and Characterization. INDIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEER 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2013.851871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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120
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Eder D, Bailey D, Chambers F, Darnell I, Nicola PD, Dixit S, Fisher A, Gururangan G, Kalantar D, Koniges A, Liu W, Marinak M, Masters N, Mlaker V, Prasad R, Sepke S, Whitman P. Observations and modeling of debris and shrapnel impacts on optics and diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135908010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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121
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Pemmaraju SC, Pruthi PA, Prasad R, Pruthi V. Candida albicans biofilm inhibition by synergistic action of terpenes and fluconazole. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1032-1037. [PMID: 24416942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current treatment options for Candida albicans biofilm-device related infections are very scarce due to their intrinsic increased tolerance to antimycotics. The aim of this work was to study synergistic action of terpenes (eugenol, menthol and thymol) with fluconazole (FLA) on C. albicans biofilm inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assayed using CLSI M27-A3 broth micro-dilution method showed antifungal activity against C. albicans MTCC 227 at a concentration of 0.12 % (v/v) for both thymol and eugenol as compared to 0.25 % (v/v) for menthol. FLA was taken as positive control. The effect of these terpenes on metabolic activity of preformed C. albicans biofilm cells was evaluated using 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plate. Thymol and eugenol were more effective at lower concentrations of > or = 1.0 % (v/v) than menthol. Synergistic studies using checkerboard micro-dilution assay showed fractional inhibitory concentration index (sigma FIC = 0.31) between thymol/FLA followed by eugenol/FLA (sigma FIC = 0.37) and menthol/FLA (sigma FIC < 0.5) against pre-formed C. albicans biofilms. Thymol with fluconazole showed highest synergy in reduction of biofilm formation than eugenol and menthol which was not observed when their activities were observed independently. Adherence assay showed 30% viability of C. albicans cells after 2 h of treatment with 0.05 % (v/v) thymol/FLA. Effect of thymol/FLA on C. albicans adhesion visualized by SEM micrographs showed disruption in number of candidal cells and alteration in structural design of C. albicans. Thus, the study demonstrated synergistic effect of terpenes with fluconazole on C. albicans biofilm, which could be future medications for biofilm infections.
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Prasad R, Metherell LA, Clark AJ, Storr HL. Deficiency of ALADIN impairs redox homeostasis in human adrenal cells and inhibits steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3209-18. [PMID: 23825130 PMCID: PMC3958737 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Triple A syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive cause of adrenal failure. Additional features include alacrima, achalasia of the esophageal cardia, and progressive neurodegenerative disease. The AAAS gene product is the nuclear pore complex protein alacrima-achalasia-adrenal insufficiency neurological disorder (ALADIN), of unknown function. Triple A syndrome patient dermal fibroblasts appear to be more sensitive to oxidative stress than wild-type fibroblasts. To provide an adrenal and neuronal-specific disease model, we established AAAS-gene knockdown in H295R human adrenocortical tumor cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by lentiviral short hairpin RNA transduction. AAAS-knockdown significantly reduced cell viability in H295R cells. This effect was exacerbated by hydrogen peroxide treatment and improved by application of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. An imbalance in redox homeostasis after AAAS knockdown was further suggested in the H295R cells by a decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. AAAS-knockdown SH-SY5Y cells were also hypersensitive to oxidative stress and responded to antioxidant treatment. A further impact on function was observed in the AAAS-knockdown H295R cells with reduced expression of key components of the steroidogenic pathway, including steroidogenic acute regulatory and P450c11β protein expression. Importantly a significant reduction in cortisol production was demonstrated with AAAS knockdown, which was partially reversed with N-acetylcysteine treatment. CONCLUSION Our in vitro data in AAAS-knockdown adrenal and neuronal cells not only corroborates previous studies implicating oxidative stress in this disorder but also provides further insights into the pathogenic mechanisms in triple A syndrome.
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123
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Paramanik UB, Das D, Prasad R, Hossain Z. Reentrant superconductivity in Eu(Fe(1-x)Ir(x))2As2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:265701. [PMID: 23751797 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/26/265701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between superconductivity and Eu(2+) magnetic ordering in Eu(Fe1-xIrx)2As2 is studied by means of electrical transport and magnetic measurements. For the near optimally doped sample Eu(Fe0.86Ir0.14)2As2, we witnessed two distinct transitions: a superconducting transition below 22.6 K which is followed by a resistivity reentrance caused by the ordering of the Eu(2+) moments. Further, the low field magnetization measurements show a prominent diamagnetic signal due to superconductivity, which is remarkable in the presence of a large-moment magnetically ordered system. The electronic structure for 12.5% Ir doped EuFe1.75Ir0.25As2 is investigated along with the parent compound EuFe2As2. As compared to EuFe2As2, the doped compound has an effectively lower value of density of states throughout the energy scale with a more extended bandwidth and stronger hybridization involving Ir. Shifting of the Fermi energy and a change in band filling in EuFe1.75Ir0.25As2 with respect to the pure compound indicate electron doping in the system.
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124
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Prasad R, Srivastava GN, Mishra OP, Singh UK. Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis with vertebral anomaly. CASE REPORTS 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-008609. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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125
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Ahmed H, Dieckmann ME, Romagnani L, Doria D, Sarri G, Cerchez M, Ianni E, Kourakis I, Giesecke AL, Notley M, Prasad R, Quinn K, Willi O, Borghesi M. Time-resolved characterization of the formation of a collisionless shock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:205001. [PMID: 25167421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the temporally and spatially resolved detection of the precursory stages that lead to the formation of an unmagnetized, supercritical collisionless shock in a laser-driven laboratory experiment. The measured evolution of the electrostatic potential associated with the shock unveils the transition from a current free double layer into a symmetric shock structure, stabilized by ion reflection at the shock front. Supported by a matching particle-in-cell simulation and theoretical considerations, we suggest that this process is analogous to ion reflection at supercritical collisionless shocks in supernova remnants.
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