[Consequences of impacted wisdom teeth extraction on the periodontal environment of second molars. A pilot study]

INTRODUCTION

Wisdom teeth extraction is a common procedure, generally considered as safe by patients. However, complications are possible, especially periodontal ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and the consequences of periodontal complications at the level the 2nd molars after extraction of the wisdom teeth.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A single-center retrospective observational multi-operator study was conducted at the university hospital of Besançon - France. The files of all the adult patients who underwent extraction of four impacted wisdom teeth by mean of a standardized surgical technique between November 2012 and November 2014 and who could be followed 1 year postoperatively at least and that precisely mentioned the periodontal status of the surgical sites were included. Postoperative complications, gingival and plaque indexes according to Loë and Silness, periodontal attachment level and periodontal second molar probing were recorded. The main judgment criterion was the occurrence of a periodontal complication in the second molar areas.

RESULTS

The files of 20 patients (15 women - 5 men), operated on by five different surgeons, met the inclusion criteria. Two patients suffered from dry socket at one of the avulsion sites. No patient had a gingival or plaque index greater than 2. No gingival recession or periodontal pocket over 4mm was found.

DISCUSSION

Extraction of impacted third molars in young healthy adults didn't have any impact on the second molars periodontal environment in our study. Literature suggests that surgical technique greatly influences the occurrence and the extent of periodontal sequelae.

The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI syndrome): an international consensus statement

The 2016 Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome was convened to build an international, multidisciplinary consensus on the diagnosis and management of patients with FAI syndrome. 22 panel members and 1 patient from 9 countries and 5 different specialties participated in a 1-day consensus meeting on 29 June 2016. Prior to the meeting, 6 questions were agreed on, and recent relevant systematic reviews and seminal literature were circulated. Panel members gave presentations on the topics of the agreed questions at Sports Hip 2016, an open meeting held in the UK on 27-29 June. Presentations were followed by open discussion. At the 1-day consensus meeting, panel members developed statements in response to each question through open discussion; members then scored their level of agreement with each response on a scale of 0-10. Substantial agreement (range 9.5-10) was reached for each of the 6 consensus questions, and the associated terminology was agreed on. The term 'femoroacetabular impingement syndrome' was introduced to reflect the central role of patients' symptoms in the disorder. To reach a diagnosis, patients should have appropriate symptoms, positive clinical signs and imaging findings. Suitable treatments are conservative care, rehabilitation, and arthroscopic or open surgery. Current understanding of prognosis and topics for future research were discussed. The 2016 Warwick Agreement on FAI syndrome is an international multidisciplinary agreement on the diagnosis, treatment principles and key terminology relating to FAI syndrome.Author note The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome has been endorsed by the following 25 clinical societies: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports and Exercise Medicine (ACPSEM), Australasian College of Sports and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP), Austian Sports Physiotherapists, British Association of Sports and Exercise Medicine (BASEM), British Association of Sport Rehabilitators and Trainers (BASRaT), Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (CASEM), Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF), European College of Sports and Exercise Physicians (ECOSEP), European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA), Finnish Sports Physiotherapist Association (SUFT), German-Austrian-Swiss Society for Orthopaedic Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS), International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy (IFSPT), International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA), Groupo di Interesse Specialistico dell'A.I.F.I., Norwegian Association of Sports Medicine and Physical Activity (NIMF), Norwegian Sports Physiotherapy Association (FFI), Society of Sports Therapists (SST), South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), Sports Medicine Australia (SMA), Sports Doctors Australia (SDrA), Sports Physiotherapy New Zealand (SPNZ), Swedish Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine (SFAIM), Swiss Society of Sports Medicine (SGMS/SGSM), Swiss Sports Physiotherapy Association (SSPA).

Implementation of a mentored professional development programme in laboratory leadership and management in the Middle East and North Africa

Laboratories need leaders who can effectively utilize the laboratories' resources, maximize the laboratories'capacity to detect disease, and advocate for laboratories in a fluctuating health care environment. To address this need, the University of Washington, USA, created the Certificate Program in Laboratory Leadership and Management in partnership with WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, and implemented it with 17 participants and 11 mentors from clinical and public health laboratories in 10 countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen) in 2014. Designed to teach leadership and management skills to laboratory supervisors, the programme enabled participants to improve laboratory testing quality and operations. The programme was successful overall, with 80% of participants completing it and making impactful changes in their laboratories. This success is encouraging and could serve as a model to further strengthen laboratory capacity in the Region.

Ambient and laboratory evaluation of a low-cost particulate matter sensor

Low-cost, light-scattering-based particulate matter (PM) sensors are becoming more widely available and are being increasingly deployed in ambient and indoor environments because of their low cost and ability to provide high spatial and temporal resolution PM information. Researchers have begun to evaluate some of these sensors under laboratory and environmental conditions. In this study, a low-cost, particulate matter sensor (Plantower PMS 1003/3003) used by a community air-quality network is evaluated in a controlled wind-tunnel environment and in the ambient environment during several winter-time, cold-pool events that are associated with high ambient levels of PM. In the wind-tunnel, the PMS sensor performance is compared to two research-grade, light-scattering instruments, and in the ambient tests, the sensor performance is compared to two federal equivalent (one tapered element oscillating microbalance and one beta attenuation monitor) and gravimetric federal reference methods (FEMs/FRMs) as well as one research-grade instrument (GRIMM). The PMS sensor response correlates well with research-grade instruments in the wind-tunnel tests, and its response is linear over the concentration range tested (200-850 μg/m3). In the ambient tests, this PM sensor correlates better with gravimetric methods than previous studies with correlation coefficients of 0.88. However additional measurements under a variety of ambient conditions are needed. Although the PMS sensor correlated as well as the research-grade instrument to the FRM/FEMs in ambient conditions, its response varies with particle properties to a much greater degree than the research-grade instrument. In addition, the PMS sensors overestimate ambient PM concentrations and begin to exhibit a non-linear response when PM2.5 concentrations exceed 40 μg/m3. These results have important implications for communicating results from low-cost sensor networks, and they highlight the importance of using an appropriate correction factor for the target environmental conditions if the user wants to compare the results to FEM/FRMs.

The Proxy Model of Social Comparison for Self-Assessment of Ability

One purpose of the social comparison of abilities is to determine action possibilities— “Can I do X?” By comparing ourselves with a proxy who has attempted X, we can determine our likelihood of success. A good proxy is one who has performed the same as us on an initial task requiring the ability. In addition, however, a good proxy must be similar on related attributes so that we can be confident that the proxy's performance on the initial task was maximal. In the case of a task requiring multiple abilities, more than one proxy may be used.

[Early recognition of cancerous lesions in the mouth and oropharynx: Automated evaluation of hyperspectral image stacks]

BACKGROUND

Early detection of cancerous lesions is still crucial for a patient's prognosis. Although diagnostic access to the oral cavity and oropharynx is comparably easy, the incidence of resulting disease remains high. This is due to the fact that in many cases, malignity is recognized too late on a purely visual basis. Previously, we discussed the application of hyperspectral imaging for early detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the larynx. This time, we evaluate the method in the oral cavity and oropharynx.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In 85 patients scheduled for endoscopy, hyperspectral imaging was performed. We used a rigid 0-degree endoscope, a light-adjustable monochromator, and a hyperspectral camera. For evaluation of the method, 3 patients were chosen exemplarily. Training sites from physiological and cancerous tissues were marked. Hyperspectral data from 1 patient were used to train a classifier, which was then used for automatic detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions in another 2 patients.

RESULTS

Intraoperative hyperspectral imaging was performed without any problems. Classification showed sensitivities of 61 and 43%, and a specificity of 100%.

CONCLUSION

This proof-of-concept study underscores the high potential of hyperspectral imaging for early recognition of cancer in the mouth and oropharynx. Besides a better prognosis for cancer patients, this approach could lead to higher cost efficiency in the health system.

[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of immunosuppressed patients caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Due to the elevated risk in patients treated with natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS) and also treatment with other biologicals for different indications, the relevance of PML has increased in recent years. This article summarizes the published knowledge on the biology and pathogenesis of PML with a focus on the role of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics in the work-up for PML and the current PML case definition. Current recommendations regarding risk management are discussed, as are possible therapies and prevention.

Microbiome in healthy skin, update for dermatologists

The skin is a complex barrier organ made of a symbiotic relationship between microbial communities and host tissue via complex signals provided by the innate and the adaptive immune systems. It is constantly exposed to various endogenous and exogenous factors which impact this balanced system potentially leading to inflammatory skin conditions comprising infections, allergies or autoimmune diseases. Unlike the gut and stool microbiome which has been studied and described for many years, investigations on the skin or scalp microbiome only started recently. Researchers in microbiology and dermatology started using modern methods such as pyrosequencing assays of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to identify and characterize the different microorganisms present on the skin, to evaluate the bacterial diversity and their relative abundance and to understand how microbial diversity may contribute to skin health and dermatological conditions. This article aims to provide an overview on the knowledge about the skin microbiota, the microbiome and their importance in dermatology.

Patients with KCNJ11-related diabetes frequently have neuropsychological impairments compared with sibling controls

AIMS

KCNJ11-related diabetes is the most common form of permanent neonatal diabetes and has been associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental problems. We compared neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with KCNJ11 mutations and their sibling controls.

METHODS

Through our Monogenic Diabetes Registry (http://monogenicdiabetes.uchicago.edu/), we evaluated 23 patients with KCNJ11 mutations with (n = 9) and without (n = 14) global developmental delay successfully treated with sulfonylurea and 20 healthy sibling controls, using a battery of targeted neuropsychological and behavioural assessments with scaled scores that are comparable across a wide range of ages.

RESULTS

Patients with KCNJ11-related diabetes without global developmental delay had significant differences compared with sibling controls on a range of assessments including IQ, measures of academic achievement and executive function. KCNJ11 patients with global delay exhibited significant differences in behavioural symptoms with a tendency to avoid social contact and displayed a reduced ability to adapt to new circumstances. Parents reported more immature behaviour, gross mood swings, bizarre thoughts, other unusual and severe behaviours, and there were also significant deficits in all subdomains of daily living skills.

CONCLUSIONS

This series represents the largest and most comprehensive study of neuropsychological and behavioural dysfunction of individuals with KCNJ11 diabetes and is the first to compare outcome with sibling controls. Our data demonstrate the variety of neurodevelopmental problems seen in those with KCNJ11 mutations, even in those without recognized global developmental delays. These data can be used to counsel families and guide structured neurodevelopmental assessments and treatments based on the initial genetic diagnosis in patients with neonatal diabetes.

A Novel Genetic Label for Detection of Specific Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

A novel method for genetic labelling of specific lactic acid bacteria strains was developed. The approach implied the transformation of the hosts with a plasmid containing a heterologous DNA fragment. The sequence of a DNA fragment that has been used to label a variety of genetically modified (GM) soya was used to design a forward primer and three reverse primers yielding PCR products recognisable by their sizes. Stability of the recombinant plasmid in the transformed strains was studied by PCR, and the results varied significantly depending on the strain. To test the usefulness of the DNA label to study in vivo properties of probiotic bacteria, such as viability after transit through the digestive tract, mice were orally inoculated with a genetically-labelled Enterococcus faecium strain. Later, their faeces were aseptically collected and the genetically-labelled strain was detected among the colonies that grew on MRS agar.

Revisión: Los residuos en la inspección de la carne Review: Chemical residues in meat inspection

Edible tissues of food animals may contain residues of chemical substances harmful to human health, including animal drugs, mycotoxins and environmental contaminants. Current meat inspec tion activities rely mainly on visual inspection of the carcass and its offals at the slaughterhouse, and fail to detect chemical residues and enteric pathogens that are considered as major health risks associated with meat consumption. In contrast to traditional approaches, application of the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) to meat production and inspection, constitutes the best alternative to reduce the incidence of residues and to improve meat safety. Application of HACCP to meat inspection virtually eliminates the need for finished product testing by identi fying the safety risks inherent in the meat production steps, from farm to table, and devising preventive measures which can be monitored in order to control the process. Accordingly, there is also a need for the development and application of analytical methods of enough sensitivity that allow real-time monitoring of chemical residues in live animals and their tissues.

Intensity of Affect, Role Self-Concept, and Self-Evaluative Judgments

Affect intensity was significantly related to both the number of self-relevant roles endorsed by an individual and the overlap of these roles for 62 undergraduates (43 women) of mean age 21.5 yr. Affect intensity was not related to specific judgments concerning the importance, stressfulness, and perceived satisfaction of these roles but did yield a significant relationship with a more general measure of dysfunctional self-evaluative standards. These findings are related to previous 1990 research by Calloni and Ross on trait self-schemata and affect intensity.

THE CHALLENGE OF CIEMAT INTERNAL DOSIMETRY SERVICE FOR ACCREDITATION ACCORDING TO ISO/IEC 17025 STANDARD, FOR IN VIVO AND IN VITRO MONITORING AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL EXPOSURES

The accreditation of an Internal Dosimetry Service (IDS) according to ISO/IEC 17025 Standard is a challenge. The aim of this process is to guarantee the technical competence for the monitoring of radionuclides incorporated in the body and for the evaluation of the associated committed effective dose E(50). This publication describes the main accreditation issues addressed by CIEMAT IDS regarding all the procedures involving good practice in internal dosimetry, focussing in the difficulties to ensure the traceability in the whole process, the appropriate calculation of detection limit of measurement techniques, the validation of methods (monitoring and dose assessments), the description of all the uncertainty sources and the interpretation of monitoring data to evaluate the intake and the committed effective dose.

Methane seep carbonates yield clumped isotope signatures out of equilibrium with formation temperatures

Methane cold seep systems typically exhibit extensive buildups of authigenic carbonate minerals, resulting from local increases in alkalinity driven by methane oxidation. Here, we demonstrate that modern seep authigenic carbonates exhibit anomalously low clumped isotope values (Δ₄₇), as much as ∼0.2‰ lower than expected values. In modern seeps, this range of disequilibrium translates into apparent temperatures that are always warmer than ambient temperatures, by up to 50 °C. We examine various mechanisms that may induce disequilibrium behaviour in modern seep carbonates, and suggest that the observed values result from several factors including kinetic isotopic effects during methane oxidation, mixing of inorganic carbon pools, pH effects and rapid precipitation. Ancient seep carbonates studied here also exhibit potential disequilibrium signals. Ultimately, these findings indicate the predominance of disequilibrium clumped isotope behaviour in modern cold seep carbonates that must be considered when characterizing environmental conditions in both modern and ancient cold seep settings.

The geochemistry of methane cold seep carbonates is often used to reconstruct environmental conditions. Loyd et al. find disequilibrium clumped isotope compositions in modern seep carbonates that suggest temperatures up to 50°C too high, raising doubt on seep carbonate temperature reconstructions.

Contrast-enhanced MRI lesions during treatment with interferonβ-1b predict increase in T1 black hole volume in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

T1 black holes (BH) have been found to represent focal areas of substantial central nervous system tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We examined the development of T1 BH over a three-year period of treatment with interferon (IFN)β-1b in a group of 20 patients with relapsing-remitting MS. The number of contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) after one year of treatment predicted a change in the T1 BH volume in the following two years. In patients without CEL, the T1 BH volume remained stable, whereas it increased in patients with CEL. The occurrence of CEL in patients treated with IFNβ may indicate a heightened risk of accumulating T1 BH.

Forces Driving Chaperone Action

It is still unclear what molecular forces drive chaperone-mediated protein folding. Here, we obtain a detailed mechanistic understanding of the forces that dictate the four key steps of chaperone-client interaction: initial binding, complex stabilization, folding, and release. Contrary to the common belief that chaperones recognize unfolding intermediates by their hydrophobic nature, we discover that the model chaperone Spy uses long-range electrostatic interactions to rapidly bind to its unfolded client protein Im7. Short-range hydrophobic interactions follow, which serve to stabilize the complex. Hydrophobic collapse of the client protein then drives its folding. By burying hydrophobic residues in its core, the client's affinity to Spy decreases, which causes client release. By allowing the client to fold itself, Spy circumvents the need for client-specific folding instructions. This mechanism might help explain how chaperones can facilitate the folding of various unrelated proteins.