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Pandey MM, Jaipal A, Kumar A, Malik R, Charde SY. Determination of pK(a) of felodipine using UV-Visible spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:887-890. [PMID: 23906645 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, for the first time, experimental pKa value of felodipine is reported. Dissociation constant, pKa, is one of the very important physicochemical properties of drugs. It is of paramount significance from the perspective of pharmaceutical analysis and dosage form design. The method used for the pKa determination of felodipine was essentially a UV-Visible spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric method for the pKa determination was opted by acknowledging the established fact that spectrophotometric determination of pKa produces most precise values. The pKa of felodipine was found to be 5.07. Furthermore, the ruggedness of the determined value is also validated in this study in order to produce exact pKa of the felodipine.
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Ramalingam S, Crawford J, Chang A, Manegold C, Perez-Soler R, Douillard JY, Thatcher N, Barlesi F, Owonikoko T, Wang Y, Pultar P, Zhu J, Malik R, Giaccone G, Della-Fiorentina S, Begbie S, Jennens R, Dass J, Pittman K, Ivanova N, Koynova T, Petrov P, Tomova A, Tzekova V, Couture F, Hirsh V, Burkes R, Sangha R, Ambrus M, Janaskova T, Musil J, Novotny J, Zatloukal P, Jakesova J, Klenha K, Roubec J, Vanasek J, Fayette J, Barlesi F, Bennouna-Louridi J, Chouaid C, Mazières J, Vallerand H, Robinet G, Souquet PJ, Spaeth D, Schott R, Lena H, Martinet Y, El Kouri C, Baize N, Scherpereel A, Molinier O, Fuchs F, Josten K, Manegold C, Marschner N, Schneller F, Overbeck T, Thomas M, von Pawel J, Reck M, Schuette W, Hagen V, Schneider CP, Georgoulias V, Varthalitis I, Zarogoulidis K, Syrigos K, Papandreou C, Bocskei C, Csanky E, Juhasz E, Losonczy G, Mark Z, Molnar I, Papai-Szekely Z, Tehenes S, Vinkler I, Almel S, Bakshi A, Bondarde S, Maru A, Pathak A, Pedapenki R, Prasad K, Prasad S, Kilara N, Gorijavolu D, Deshmukh C, John S, Sharma L, Amoroso D, Bajetta E, Bidoli P, Bonetti A, De Marinis F, Maio M, Passalacqua R, Cascinu S, Bearz A, Bitina M, Brize A, Purkalne G, Skrodele M, Baba A, Ratnavelu K, Saw M, Samson-Fernando M, Ladrera G, Jassem J, Koralewski P, Serwatowski P, Krzakowski M, Cebotaru C, Filip D, Ganea-Motan D, Ianuli C, Manolescu I, Udrea A, Burdaeva O, Byakhov M, Filippov A, Lazarev S, Mosin I, Orlov S, Udovitsa D, Khorinko A, Protsenko S, Chang A, Lim H, Tan Y, Tan E, Bastus Piulats R, Garcia-Foncillas J, Valdivia J, de Castro J, Domine Gomez M, Kim S, Lee JS, Kim H, Lee J, Shin S, Kim DW, Kim YC, Park K, Chang CS, Chang GC, Goan YG, Su WC, Tsai CM, Kuo HP, Benekli M, Demir G, Gokmen E, Sevinc A, Crawford J, Giaccone G, Haigentz M, Owonikoko T, Agarwal M, Pandit S, Araujo R, Vrindavanam N, Bonomi P, Berg A, Wade J, Bloom R, Amin B, Camidge R, Hill D, Rarick M, Flynn P, Klein L, Lo Russo K, Neubauer M, Richards P, Ruxer R, Savin M, Weckstein D, Rosenberg R, Whittaker T, Richards D, Berry W, Ottensmeier C, Dangoor A, Steele N, Summers Y, Rankin E, Rowley K, Giridharan S, Kristeleit H, Humber C, Taylor P. Talactoferrin alfa versus placebo in patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (FORTIS-M trial). Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2875-80. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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103
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Reppas G, Fyfe J, Foster S, Smits B, Martin P, Jardine J, Lam A, O'Brien C, Malik R. Detection and identification of mycobacteria in fixed stained smears and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using PCR. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:638-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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104
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Tapper EB, Robson S, Malik R. Reply to: "Circulating platelet derived microparticles are not increased in patients with cirrhosis". J Hepatol 2013; 59:913. [PMID: 23816703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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105
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Tapper EB, Robson SC, Malik R. Coagulopathy in cirrhosis - the role of the platelet in hemostasis. J Hepatol 2013; 59:889-90. [PMID: 23669288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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106
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Ganesh SK, Tragante V, Guo W, Guo Y, Lanktree MB, Smith EN, Johnson T, Castillo BA, Barnard J, Baumert J, Chang YPC, Elbers CC, Farrall M, Fischer ME, Franceschini N, Gaunt TR, Gho JMIH, Gieger C, Gong Y, Isaacs A, Kleber ME, Leach IM, McDonough CW, Meijs MFL, Mellander O, Molony CM, Nolte IM, Padmanabhan S, Price TS, Rajagopalan R, Shaffer J, Shah S, Shen H, Soranzo N, van der Most PJ, Van Iperen EPA, Van Setten J, Vonk JM, Zhang L, Beitelshees AL, Berenson GS, Bhatt DL, Boer JMA, Boerwinkle E, Burkley B, Burt A, Chakravarti A, Chen W, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Curtis SP, Dreisbach A, Duggan D, Ehret GB, Fabsitz RR, Fornage M, Fox E, Furlong CE, Gansevoort RT, Hofker MH, Hovingh GK, Kirkland SA, Kottke-Marchant K, Kutlar A, LaCroix AZ, Langaee TY, Li YR, Lin H, Liu K, Maiwald S, Malik R, Murugesan G, Newton-Cheh C, O'Connell JR, Onland-Moret NC, Ouwehand WH, Palmas W, Penninx BW, Pepine CJ, Pettinger M, Polak JF, Ramachandran VS, Ranchalis J, Redline S, Ridker PM, Rose LM, Scharnag H, Schork NJ, Shimbo D, Shuldiner AR, Srinivasan SR, Stolk RP, Taylor HA, Thorand B, Trip MD, van Duijn CM, Verschuren WM, Wijmenga C, Winkelmann BR, Wyatt S, Young JH, Boehm BO, Caulfield MJ, Chasman DI, Davidson KW, Doevendans PA, FitzGerald GA, Gums JG, Hakonarson H, Hillege HL, Illig T, Jarvik GP, Johnson JA, Kastelein JJP, Koenig W, Marz W, Mitchell BD, Murray SS, Oldehinkel AJ, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Reiner AP, Schadt EE, Silverstein RL, Snieder H, Stanton AV, Uitterlinden AG, van der Harst P, van der Schouw YT, Samani NJ, Johnson AD, Munroe PB, de Bakker PIW, Zhu X, Levy D, Keating BJ, Asselbergs FW. Loci influencing blood pressure identified using a cardiovascular gene-centric array. Hum Mol Genet 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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van der Laan SW, Folkersen L, van Setten J, Schoneveld AH, van de Weg SM, Tersteeg C, Smeets MB, Asselbergs FW, de Vries JP, Moll FL, de Kleijn DPV, Dichgans M, Malik R, Gabrielsen A, de Bakker PIW, Pasterkamp G. Human Genetic Evidence that Common Variants near PIK3CG are Associated with Atherosclerotic Plaque Hemorrhage and Vessel Density. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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108
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Urbano-Moral JA, Arias-Godinez JA, Ahmad R, Malik R, Kiernan MS, DeNofrio D, Pandian NG, Patel AR. Evaluation of myocardial mechanics with three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in heart transplant recipients: comparison with two-dimensional speckle tracking and relationship with clinical variables. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14:1167-73. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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109
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Taiwe G, Talla E, Dabole B, Bum EN, Mbafor J, Atchade A, Malik R, Zulfiqar A, Sidiki N, Nguimbou R, Choudhary M. Antinociceptive Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Cameroonian Brown Propolis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.218.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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110
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De Vries BL, Freilinger T, Anttila V, Malik R, Terwindt GM, Pozo-Rosich P, Winsvold B, Nyholt D, van Oosterhout WPJ, Artto V, Todt M, Hämäläinen E, Fernandez-Moralez J, Louter M, Kaunisto MA, Schoenen J, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Ville-Pueyo M, Göbel H, Wichman E, Sintas C, Uitterlinden A, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Heinze A, Tronvik E, van Duin CM, Kaprio J, Cormand B, Wessman M, Frants RR, Meitinger T, Müller-Myhsok B, Zwart JA, Färkkilä M, Macaya A, Ferrari MD, Kubisch C, Palotie A, Dichgans M, van den Maagdenberg AMJ. Migraine without aura: genome-wide association analysis identifies several novel susceptibility. J Headache Pain 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620256 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-s1-p21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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111
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Wani I, Bhat AR, Amin A, Wani S, Malik R. Cystic Hygroma of Wrist. JOURNAL OF NEPAL PAEDIATRIC SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v32i2.5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic hygroma is the rare congenital lesion. This is a cystic variety of lymphangioma. Cystic hygroma arising outside of the cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominal areas are extremely rare. Wrist is a very rare site for occurrence of cystic hygroma. Presentation depends on site of location of cystic hygroma. A case of cystic hygroma of wrist in a child is reported. This child presented with painless swelling of left wrist. Excision of cyst was done. This is first case report of literature reporting occurrence of cystic hygroma on wrist. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2012;32(2):166-168 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i2.5465
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Ramalingam S, Crawford J, Chang A, Manegold C, Perez-Soler R, Douillard J, Thatcher N, Barlesi F, Owonikoko T, Wang Y, Pultar P, Zhu J, Malik R, Giaccone G. Fortis-M, a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral Talactoferrin Alfa with Best Supportive Care in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Following Two or More Prior Regimens- by the Fortis-M Study Group. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)34343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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113
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Abbas SM, Alam AY, Malik R. Primary health care: what is it and what is it not? Views of teaching faculty at an undergraduate medical college in Pakistan. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL 2012; 18:261-4. [PMID: 22574481 DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over 30 years after the Alma-Ata declaration on primary health care in 1978 there are still misconceptions about the basic concept of primary health care. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and opinions about various aspects of primary health care and its appropriate implementation among the teaching faculty at Shifa College of Medicine in Islamabad, Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was answered by 70 physicians present at the end of the month seminar. Two-thirds of the doctors (67.1%) believed that primary health care involved only basic health care for common illnesses. Few respondents suggested that community-oriented programmes (4.3%), maternal and child health (2.9%), screening (1.0%) or treatment of noncommunicable diseases (2.9%) should be components of primary care. The concepts to primary health care as defined at Alma-Ata in 1978 were not well understood by teaching faculty from the basic and clinical health sciences in this medical college.
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114
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Aghamohammadzadeh R, Withers S, Lynch F, Greenstein A, Malik R, Heagerty A. Perivascular adipose tissue from human systemic and coronary vessels: the emergence of a new pharmacotherapeutic target. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:670-82. [PMID: 21564083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fat cells or adipocytes are distributed ubiquitously throughout the body and are often regarded purely as energy stores. However, recently it has become clear that these adipocytes are engine rooms producing large numbers of metabolically active substances with both endocrine and paracrine actions. White adipocytes surround almost every blood vessel in the human body and are collectively termed perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). It is now well recognized that PVAT not only provides mechanical support for any blood vessels it invests, but also secretes vasoactive and metabolically essential cytokines known as adipokines, which regulate vascular function. The emergence of obesity as a major challenge to our healthcare systems has contributed to the growing interest in adipocyte dysfunction with a view to discovering new pharmacotherapeutic agents to help rescue compromised PVAT function. Very few PVAT studies have been carried out on human tissue. This review will discuss these and the hypotheses generated from such research, as well as highlight the most significant and clinically relevant animal studies showing the most pharmacological promise. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-3.
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ElShamy WM, Gardner L, Malik R, Shimizu Y, Mullins N. P3-01-01: Geminin Overexpression Prevents the Completion of Topoisomerase IIa Chromosome Decatenation Leading to Aneuploidy in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p3-01-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα) cleaves DNA in a reversible manner, making it a valuable target for agents such as etoposide that trap the enzyme in a covalent bond with the DNA end it cleaves and prevents DNA re-ligation and triggers cell death in cancer cells. However, development of resistance to these agents limits their therapeutic use. In this study, we examined therapeutic targeting of geminin for improving the therapeutic potential of TopoIIa agents.
Human mammary epithelial (HME) and breast cancer cell lines were used. Geminin, TopoIIα, Cdc7 silencing was done using specific siRNAs. Transit or stable inducible overexpression of these proteins and CKI∈ were also used, as well as several pharmacological inhibitors that target TopoIIα, Cdc7, or CKI∈. We manipulated
HME cells expressing H2B-GFP, in order to detect chromosome bridges. Immunoprecipitation and direct western blot were used to detect interactions between these proteins and their total expression, respectively, whereas interactions on chromosomal arms were detected using the TARDIS assay. TopoIIα phosphorylation by Cdc7 or CKI∈ was done using in vitro kinase assay. The TopoGen decatenation kit was used to measure TopoIIα decatenation activity. Finally, comet assay and metaphase chromosome spread were used to detect chromosome breakages and changes in chromosome condensation or numbers, respectively.
We found that geminin and TopoIIα interact in G2/M/early G1 cells on chromosomes, that geminin recruits TopoIIα to chromosomal decatenation sites or vice versa, and that geminin silencing in HME cells triggers the formation of chromosome bridges through suppressing TopoIIα access to chromosomal arms. CKIε kinase phosphorylates and positively regulates TopoIIα chromosome localization and function. CKIε kinase overexpression or Cdc7 kinase silencing (also phosphorylates TopoIIα in vitro), restored DNA decatenation and chromosome segregation in geminin-silenced cells before triggering cell death. In vivo, at normal concentration, geminin recruits the desumoylating enzymes SENP1 and SENP2 to desumoylate chromosomal bound TopoIIα and promote its release from chromosomes following completion of DNA decatenation. In cells overexpressing geminin, premature departure of TopoIIα from chromosomes is thought to be due to the fact that geminin recruits more of these desumoylating enzymes, or recruits them earlier, to chromosomal bound TopoIIα. This triggers premature release of TopoIIα from chromosomes, which we propose induces aneuploidy in HME cells, since chromosome breakages generated through were not sensed and/or repaired and the cell cycle was not arrested. TopoIIα recruitment and its chromosome decatenation function require normal level of geminin. Geminin silencing induces a cytokinetic checkpoint in which Cdc7 phosphorylates TopoIIα and inhibits its chromosomal recruitment and decatenation function. Geminin overexpression prematurely desumoylates TopoIIα, triggering its premature departure from chromosomes and leading to chromosomal abnormalities and the formation of aneuploid, drug resistant cancer cells. We propose that therapeutic targeting of geminin is essential for improving the therapeutic potential of TopoIIα agents.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-01.
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Govendir M, Norris J, Hansen T, Wigney D, Muscatello G, Trott D, Malik R. Susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria and Nocardia isolates from cats and dogs to pradofloxacin. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:240-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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117
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Syngle A, Kaur J, Krishan P, Vohra K, Chhabra M, Malik R, Kaur L, Kaur M. P15 IL-6 blockade improves endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(11)60125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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118
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Hasselle M, Salama J, Tye K, Golden D, Liauw S, Weichselbaum R, Malik R. Patterns Of Progression Following Hypofractionated Image-guided Radiotherapy (HIGRT) To Abdominal Lymph Nodes In Oligometastatic (OM) Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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119
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Karp SJ, Johnson S, Evenson A, Curry MP, Manning D, Malik R, Lake-Bakaar G, Lai M, Hanto D. Minimising cold ischaemic time is essential in cardiac death donor-associated liver transplantation. HPB (Oxford) 2011; 13:411-6. [PMID: 21609374 PMCID: PMC3103098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important issue in the transplantation of livers procured from cardiac death donors (CDDs) concerns why some centres report equivalent outcomes and others report inferior outcomes in transplantations using CDD organs compared with standard criteria donor (SCD) organs. Resolving this discrepancy may increase the number of usable organs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to test whether differences in cold ischaemic time (CIT) are critical during CDD organ transplantation and whether such differences might explain the disparate outcomes. METHODS Results of CDD liver transplants in our own centre were compared retrospectively with results in a matched cohort of SCD liver recipients. Endpoints of primary non-function (PNF) and ischaemic cholangiopathy (IC) were used because these outcomes are clearly associated with CDD organ use. RESULTS In 22 CDD organ transplants, CIT was a strong predictor of PNF or IC (P = 0.021). Minimising CIT in CDD organ transplants produced outcomes similar to those in a matched SCD organ transplant cohort at our centre and in SCD organ transplant results nationally (1- and 3-year graft and patient survival rates: 90.9% and 73.3% vs. 77.6% and 69.2% in CDD and SCD grafts, respectively. A review of the published literature demonstrated that centres with higher CITs tend to have higher rates of PNF or IC (correlation coefficient: 0.41). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a targeted effort to minimise CIT might improve outcomes and allow the safer use of CDD organs.
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James J, Atkins H, Sturgess I, Malik R, Rayman G, Morton A, Hillson R, Gregory R. The safe use of insulin e-learning module: successful roll out of a teaching programme for all working in diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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121
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Ngamskulrungroj P, Serena C, Gilgado F, Malik R, Meyer W. Global VGIIa isolates are of comparable virulence to the major fatal Cryptococcus gattii Vancouver Island outbreak genotype. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:251-8. [PMID: 20331682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada, is caused by two VGII sub-genotypes of the primary pathogen, Cryptococcus gattii: VGIIa isolates predominate, whereas VGIIb isolates are rare. Although higher virulence of the VGIIa genotype has been proposed, an unresolved key question is whether VGIIa isolates from other regions are also more virulent than VGIIb isolates. We report the relationship between genotype and virulence for a global collection of C. gattii VGIIa and VGIIb isolates (from Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Thailand and the USA). In vitro and in vivo virulence studies were conducted. At 37°C, growth [at 18 h: 0.2 optical density (OD) difference, p 0.026; at 36 h: 0.6 OD difference, p 0.036) and mean melanin production (OD = 0.25 vs. OD = 0.15, p 0.059] of VGIIa isolates was greater than that of VGIIb isolates. The inhibitory effect of high temperature on melanin production of VGIIa isolates was less than that of VGIIb isolates (OD = 0.36 vs. OD = 0.69; p 0.001). Capsule production at 37°C of VGIIa isolates was less than that of VGIIb isolates. All VGIIa isolates were fertile, whereas only 17% of VGIIb isolates were fertile (p <0.001). In vivo virulence studies using the BALB/c mice nasal inhalation model revealed that VGIIa isolates were more virulent than VGIIb isolates (p <0.001) independent of their clinical (p 0.003) or environmental origin (p <0.001). This study established a clear association between genotype and virulence of the primary fungal pathogen, C. gattii.
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Vagadia V, Bartholomew P, Kelly M, Handley G, Kelly C, Bridges M, Ruddick S, Malik R, Gilleece Y, Fisher M, Walker-Bone K, Selvan S, Collins DA, Meryon I, Pattle J, Scurr C, Davies G, Callan M, Mercieca C, Down M, Webb J, Shipley J, Bhalla AK, Poole KE, Treece GM, Ridgway GR, Mayhew PM, Borggrefe J, Gee AH, Mehta P, Nelson M, Boag F, Oldroyd AG, Halsey J, Goodson NJ, Greenbank C, Evans B, Bukhari M, Azagra R, Roca G, Encabo G, Aguye A, Zwart M, Casado E, Iglesias M, Puchol N, Sola S, Guell S, Harvey NC, Garrett E, Sheppard A, McLean C, Lillycrop K, Burdge G, Slater-Jefferies J, Rodford J, Crozier S, Inskip H, Starling Emerald B, Gale C, Hanson M, Gluckman P, Godfrey K, Cooper C, Edwards MH, Jameson K, Denison H, Aihie Sayer A, Cooper C, Dennison E, Cole Z, Harvey NC, Kim M, Robinson S, Inskip H, Godfrey KM, Cooper C, Dennison E, Clark EM, Morrison L, Gould V, Cuming M, Tobias J. Osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease: 73. Do Low Vitamin D Levels Predict Osteoporosis? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 3-week-old Thoroughbred colt was presented for weakness and cyanosis. A pansystolic regurgitant murmur and other physical findings suggested that the foal developed pulmonary oedema as a consequence of congenital heart disease. A large atrial septal defect, a high ventricular septal defect and dysplasia of the atrioventricular valves were visualised echocardiographically. A persistent common atrioventricular canal was observed at necropsy.
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Krockenberger MB, Swinney G, Martin P, Rothwell TRL, Malik R. Sequential opportunistic infections in two German Shepherd dogs. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:9-14. [PMID: 21250949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two German Shepherd dogs with sequential opportunistic infections are described. The first was a 2-year-old male with cryptococcal rhinitis that spread to involve the optic nerves and brain. It was successfully treated with combination therapy utilising amphotericin B administered for 2 years, but the dog developed a disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection 5 years later and was euthanased. The second case was a 4-year-old male that presented for a severe, deep-seated infection of the right antebrachium, with gradual extension to contiguous tissues. Neosartorya fischeri (anamorph; Aspergillus fischerianus) was isolated in pure culture and detected in histological sections. The infection was refractory to itraconazole, but resolved after amputation of the affected limb. Five months later, the dog developed a localised cutaneous lesion on the proximal pelvic limb, from which Pythium insidiosum was isolated and then visualised in tissue sections, together with a structure thought to be grass seed. This lesion was treated by wide surgical resection, although it was reported that the dog died of disseminated disease some months later. These cases provide further circumstantial evidence that young adult German Shepherd dogs have a predilection to developing invasive infections with fungi and other saprophytic pathogens.
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Govendir M, Hansen T, Kimble B, Norris J, Baral R, Wigney D, Gottlieb S, Malik R. Susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria isolated from cats and dogs, to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Vet Microbiol 2011; 147:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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