[Perinatal outcome of pregnant women with adenomyosis]

Objective: To analyze the effect of pregnancy with adenomyosis on perinatal outcome. Methods: From April 2014 to April 2019, singleton pregnant women complicated with adenomyosis in Peking University Third Hospital was selected and the perinatal outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The age of patients in the pregnancy with adenomyosis group (study group) was not different from that of the control group (median: 35 vs 34 years old, P>0.05); the body mass index was higher than that of the control group (median: 23.9 vs 21.8 kg/m², P<0.01); the rate of assisted reproductive technology was significantly higher than that of the control group [25.3% (64/253) vs 3.1% (8/257), P<0.01]. Compared with the control group, the gestational age at delivery was significantly lower in the study group (median: 38.0 vs 39.2 weeks, P<0.01); the rates of preterm birth [17.1% (44/257) vs 4.7% (12/257), P<0.01] and preeclampsia [13.7% (35/255) vs 5.8% (15/257), P=0.003] were significantly higher in the study group. The incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group [5.8% (14/241) vs 1.2% (3/257), P=0.004]. The incidence of cesarean section was higher in the study group [(57.0% (146/256) vs 31.5% (81/257), P<0.01]. Neonatal weight was lower in the study group than that in the control group (median: 3 140 vs 3 440 g, P<0.01); the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) was higher in the study group [21.5% (55/256) vs 4.7% (12/257), P<0.01]. There were no significant differences in umbilical artery pH and 1-minute Apgar score between the study group and the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Pregnant women complicated with adenomyosis has low fertility, and most of them need assisted reproductive technology to conceive. The pregnant women with adenomyosis has the poor perinatal outcome, including an increased incedence of preterm birth, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean section and SGA, and low newborn weight.

[Analysis of pregnancy outcomes of D6 single blastocyst transplantation in fresh and frozen-thawed cycles]

Objective: To compare the main clinical outcomes of Day 6 (D6) single blastocyst transplantation in fresh and frozen-thawed cycles. Methods: The data of fresh blastocyst transplantation patients and frozen-thawed blastocyst transplantation patients from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Fresh blastocyst transplantation and frozen-thawed blastocyst transplantation were matched in a ratio of 1∶3 by using propensity score matching, the matching factors included age, body mass index, thickness of endometrium and blastocyst grade. Totally 180 cases were included in the fresh cycle group and 540 cases in the frozen-thawed cycle group. Results: There was no significant difference in basal FSH between the two groups [(6.9±2.5) versus (6.4±3.8) U/L, P=0.334]. The positive rate of hCG in D6 blastocyst fresh cycle transplantation group [32.8%(59/180) versus 48.1%(260/540)], clinical pregnancy rate [28.9%(52/180) versus 43.5%(235/540)] and live birth rate [21.1%(38/180) versus 32.2%(174/540)] were lower than those of frozen-thawed cycle group (all P<0.05). The miscarriage rate was higher [26.9%(14/52) versus 24.7%(58/235)], but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical pregnancy outcome of D6 single blastocyst frozen-thawed cycle transplantation is better than that of fresh cycle. In order to obtain better clinical outcomes, frozen-thawed cycle transplantation of blastocysts formed on the 6th day is recommended.

Enhanced retinoid response by a combination of the vitamin A ester retinyl propionate with niacinamide and a flavonoid containing Ceratonia siliqua extract in retinoid responsive in vitro models

OBJECTIVES

Retinoids have been used for decades as efficacious topical agents to treat photoaged skin. The purpose of our present research is to evaluate whether the activity of the vitamin A ester retinyl propionate (RP) can be enhanced by niacinamide (Nam) and a flavonoid containing Ceratonia siliqua (CS) fruit extract in retinoid responsive in vitro models.

METHODS

Retinyl propionate was tested alone and in combination with Nam and CS in an RARα reporter cell line for promoter activation and compared to trans-retinoic acid (tRA) activation. These treatments were also tested in keratinocytes for gene expression profiling by qPCR using a panel of 40 retinoid responsive genes.

RESULTS

tRA or RP elicited RARα reporter activation in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of 0.5 μM or 2 μM RP with 10 mM Nam had a 56% and 95% signal increase compared to RP, respectively. The addition of 1% CS to 0.5 μM or 2 μM RP with 10 mM Nam elicited a further increase of 114% and 156%, respectively, over RP and Nam combinations. All retinoids elicited an increase in expression of 40 retinoid sensitive genes over control levels. Of the 40 genes, 27 were enhanced by either 0.1 μM RP or 0.5 μM RP with 10 mM Nam and 1% CS. Nam or CS had very modest activity in both models.

CONCLUSION

The combination of RP with Nam and CS showed a higher retinoid response than RP in two separate retinoid responsive in vitro models. We hypothesize Nam and CS enhances RP activity by modulating metabolism to tRA via increasing NAD⁺ pools and inhibiting reduction of retinal (RAL) back to retinol, respectively. The findings provide evidence that this combination may have enhanced efficacy for treating the appearance of photoaged skin.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae lipids license TLR-4 for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy to evoke a proinflammatory response

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an obligate pathogen that causes pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, pharyngitis and asthma in humans. It is well recognized that membrane lipoproteins are immunostimulants exerting as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses upon M. pneumoniae infection. Here, we report that the M. pneumoniae-derived lipids are another proinflammatory agents. Using an antibody-neutralizing assay, RNA interference or specific inhibitors, we found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is essential for M. pneumoniae lipid-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production. We also demonstrate that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) inflammasome, autophagy and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent pathways are critical for the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, while inhibition of TLR-4 significantly abrogates these events. Further characterization revealed that autophagy-mediated inflammatory responses involved the activation of NF-κB. In addition, the activation of NF-κB promoted lipid-induced autophagosome formation, as revealed by assays using pharmacological inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Bay 11-7082, or silencing of atg5 and beclin-1. These findings suggest that, unlike the response to lipoprotein stimulation, the inflammation in response to M. pneumoniae lipids is mediated by the TLR-4 pathway, which subsequently initiates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and formation of a positive feedback loop between autophagy and NF-κB signalling cascade, ultimately promoting TNF-α and Il-1β production in macrophages.

[Analysis on the relationship between smoking status and the onset age of onset and the direct medical expenditure expenses of gastric cancer patients]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between smoking status and the onset age of stomach cancer patients and estimate the patients' direct medical cost burden of stomach cancer due to smoking in Anhui province. Methods: The information about the primary stomach cancer patients and their direct treatment expenditures in 10 cancer-registered areas in Anhui were collected in 2017. The association between smoking status and the age of onset of stomach cancer patients was analyzed by univariate regression and multivariate logistic regression models. The median and smoking-attributed risk method was used to describe the direct treatment expenditure of stomach cancer patients in Anhui due to smoking. Results: A total of 736 patients with stomach cancer were analyzed in this study. Univariate regression analysis showed that rural household registration (t=2.091, P=0.037), smoking (t=-2.357, P=0.001 9) and alcohol consumption (t=-2.036, P=0.042) were related to the age of onset of stomach cancer. After adjusting for gender, alcohol consumption, body mass index and household registration type, the risk of early stomach cancer in people who quitted smoking cessation was lower than that in smokers (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.17-0.75). The total direct medical cost burden of 736 newly diagnosed stomach cancer patients was 6.939 6 million RMB. The direct medical expenditure in stomach cancer patients who had smoking behavior was higher than that in stomach cancer patients who quitted smoking and never smoked. Conclusions: Smoking is one of the risk factors for the earlier onset of stomach cancer in Anhui. It is necessary to strengthen tobacco control to reduce the economic burden of patients with stomach cancer.

Lycopene protects myocardial ischemia injury through anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this research was to explore the protective effect of lycopene (Lyc) on myocardial ischemia injury through anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

75 rats were divided into 5 groups: sham operation group (control group), model group, low-dose group (Lyc+2 mg/kg), medium-dose group (Lyc+4 mg/kg) and high-dose group (Lyc+6 mg/kg). The rat model of myocardial ischemia was established by a subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) for two consecutive days. Conventional HE staining and Masson staining were performed for pathological changes. Biochemical indicators were measured by the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to measure the levels of related proteins in JNK/STAT signaling pathway.

RESULTS

Compared to control group, the levels of CK-MB, TC, and TGs were significantly increased in model group. The levels of CK-MB, TC, and TGs in each Lyc-administered group were decreased. After Lyc was administered, the SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA content were all restored. The serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in control group were significantly lower than in model group. When the Lyc was administered, the serum IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly decreased. The levels of Bax/Bcl-2, Cyt-c, and Caspase-3 in model group were significantly higher than control group. Changes of Bax/Bcl-2, Cyt-c, and Caspase-3 in medium-dose and high-dose groups after the administration of Lyc were restored significantly. The levels of p-JNK/JNK, p-STAT1 (Tyr701)/STAT1, p-STAT1 (Ser727)/STAT1, p-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 were significantly increased, while p-STAT3 (Ser727)/STAT3 was significantly decreased. When Lyc was administered, the expression levels of p-JAK/JAK, p-STAT1 (Tyr701)/STAT1, p-STAT1 (Ser727)/STAT1, p-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 protein in medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly decreased, and the expression level of p-STAT3 (Ser727)/STAT3 protein was significantly increased.

CONCLUSIONS

Lyc could show a protective effect on oxidative stress injury and anti-cardiomyocyte apoptosis of myocardial ischemia, and its possible mechanism was to attenuate the activation of JNK/ERK signaling pathway induced by myocardial injury.

Influences of hucMSC-exosomes on VEGF and BMP-2 expression in SNFH rats

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the influences of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-exosome) on steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head (SNFH) and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in rats.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into SNFH group and SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group using a random number table. Prednisolone acetate (24.5 mg/kg) was injected twice a week to establish the rat model of SNFH, and hucMSC-exosome in a certain dose was additionally injected into the marrow cavity in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group. After 3 weeks, the influences of hucMSC-exosome on the pathological changes and apoptosis of the femoral head in SNFH rats were detected via hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In addition, the expressions of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), VEGF, and BMP-2 in bone tissues in both groups were detected via immunohistochemical staining, and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of VEGF and BMP-2 in necrotic bone tissues in both groups were detected via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.

RESULTS

The results of H&E staining revealed that the fibrous callus formation was good, the new trabecular structure was more obvious, the number of vacuum cleft declined, and there were fewer enlarged adipocytes in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group compared with SNFH group. The results of TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in femoral head tissues was smaller in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group (p<0.05). According to the results of immunohistochemistry, hucMSC-exosome could increase the expression of vascular endothelial marker CD31 in SNFH rats (p<0.05). Besides, the results of RT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blotting manifested that both the mRNA and protein levels of BMP-2 and VEGF in femoral head tissues were significantly increased in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

HucMSC-exosome can improve SNFH in rats, whose mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of VEGF and BMP-2 by exosomes.

Long noncoding RNA UCA1 regulates CCR7 expression to promote tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression by sponging miR-138-5p

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a malignant tumor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to be involved in the regulation of the progression of various cancers. However, the mechanism of lncRNA urothelial cancer-associated 1 (UCA1) in the progression of TSCC remains unclear. The expression levels of UCA1, microRNA-138-5p (miR-138-5p), and CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using colony formation assay and transwell assay, respectively. Western blot (WB) analysis was used to test the levels of proliferation and metastasis-related proteins and CCR7 protein. Moreover, the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of cells was measured by the Seahorse XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer, and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, glucose uptake, and lactate produce of cells were tested by their corresponding assay kits. Further, the dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-138-5p and UCA1 or CCR7. In addition, the effect of UCA1 on TSCC tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by animal experiments. We found that UCA1 and CCR7 were upregulated, while miR-138-5p was downregulated in TSCC tissues. Silenced UCA1 restrained the proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis metabolism of TSCC cells. Similarly, knockdown of CCR7 also could suppress the progression of TSCC. Besides, UCA1 overexpression promoted TSCC progression, while this promotion effect could be reversed by CCR7 silencing. miR-138-5p could be sponged by UCA1 and could target CCR7. Additionally, miR-138-5p overexpression could reverse the promotion effect of overexpressed UCA1 on TSCC progression. Furthermore, the UCA1 knockdown reduced TSCC tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, lncRNA UCA1 might function as an oncogene in TSCC through regulating the miR-138-5p/CCR7 axis, providing a new biomarker for TSCC treatment.

Coherent Lattice Wobbling and Out-of-Phase Intensity Oscillations of Friedel Pairs Observed by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction

The inspection of Friedel's law in ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is important to gain a comprehensive understanding of material atomic structure and its dynamic response. Here, monoclinic gallium telluride (GaTe), as a low-symmetry, layered crystal in contrast to many other 2D materials, is investigated by mega-electronvolt UED. Strong out-of-phase oscillations of Bragg peak intensities are observed for Friedel pairs, which does not obey Friedel's law. As evidenced by the preserved mirror symmetry and supported by both kinematic and dynamic scattering simulations, the intensity oscillations are provoked by the lowest-order longitudinal acoustic breathing phonon. Our results provide a generalized understanding of Friedel's law in UED and demonstrate that by designed misalignment of surface normal and primitive lattice vectors, coherent lattice wobbling and effective shear strain can be generated in crystal films by laser pulse excitation, which is otherwise hard to achieve and can be further utilized to dynamically tune and switch material properties.

[The status and related factors of myopia for children and adolescents aged 5-18 years old in Shaanxi Province in 2018]

In 2018, the myopia detection rate of children and adolescents aged 5-18 years old in Shaanxi Province was 54.9% (11 060/20 144). The myopia detection rate of girls ［58.6%(5 830/9 949)］ was higher than that of boys ［58.6% (3 416/5 830)］ (P<0.001). In children and adolescents, the myopia detection rate increased with the age before their 16 years old, and saw a stable or downward trend after the age of 16. After adjusting the confounding factors, the myopia detection rate of children and adolescents from regions with per capita GDP>100 000 yuan was higherthan that of children and adolescents from regions with per capita GDP<50 000 yuan［OR (95%CI):1.58(1.34-1.87)］.

Simultaneous observation of nuclear and electronic dynamics by ultrafast electron diffraction

Simultaneous observation of nuclear and electronic motion is crucial for a complete understanding of molecular dynamics in excited electronic states. It is challenging for a single experiment to independently follow both electronic and nuclear dynamics at the same time. Here we show that ultrafast electron diffraction can be used to simultaneously record both electronic and nuclear dynamics in isolated pyridine molecules, naturally disentangling the two components. Electronic state changes (S₁→S₀ internal conversion) were reflected by a strong transient signal in small-angle inelastic scattering, and nuclear structural changes (ring puckering) were monitored by large-angle elastic diffraction. Supported by ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics and diffraction simulations, our experiment provides a clear view of the interplay between electronic and nuclear dynamics of the photoexcited pyridine molecule.

SAT0303 SINGLE-CELL DECONVOLUTION OF SKIN FIBROBLAST HETEROGENEITY IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

Background:

Fibroblast heterogeneity and homeostasis has long been recognized in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, there is no common consensus on fibroblast subtypes, lineages, biological properties, signaling, and plasticity, which severely hampers our understanding of SSc pathogenesis.

Objectives:

This study is aimed to comprehensively classify skin fibroblast populations from SSc patients.

Methods:

We applied single-cell RNA sequencing on skin fibroblasts from two SSc patients and two health control (HC) with matched age and sex. Cell clustering were mainly determined by UMAP with batch effect correction. Differently expressed genes in each cell cluster was analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).

Results:

With an unbiased approach, single-cell transcriptome analyses showed classified and defined eight fibroblast types in SSc skin and six in normal skin. The cell types seldom overlapped between the patients and HC. Extracellular interaction and collagen production were remarkably stronger in SSc fibroblasts. A subgroup of dramatic cell proliferation and activation was defined only in SSc fibroblast. Two subtypes responding inflammatory stimuli were only found in SSc patients. Furthermore, delineation of their differentiation trajectory was achieved by a machine learning method.

Conclusion:

This collection of single-cell transcriptomes and the distinct classification of fibroblast subsets provide a new resource for understanding the fibroblast landscape and the roles of fibroblasts in SSc.

References:

N/A

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Post-traumatic maxillofacial reconstruction with vascularized flaps and digital techniques: 10-year experience

The aim of this study was to present a treatment protocol for the individual repair of post-traumatic maxillofacial bone defects with vascularized flaps assisted by digital techniques. This study reviewed 20 patients with post-traumatic maxillofacial bone defects who underwent reconstruction with composite vascularized bone flaps assisted by digital techniques between April 2009 and July 2019. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) data were imported into ProPlan CMF software to complete virtual fracture reduction and reconstruction. Surgical navigation, three-dimensionally (3D) printed surgical plates, and prefabricated titanium mesh/plates were used to guide the actual surgery. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation and reconstruction surgery in one stage. CT data obtained at 1 week postoperative were imported into Geomagic Control software to evaluate the accuracy of the virtual surgical plan. The mean follow-up interval was 24 months (range 6-96 months). Donor and recipient site morbidity and second-stage procedures to rehabilitate the dentition and cosmetic organs were recorded. The flap success rate was 100%. Nine patients had deep circumflex iliac artery flaps and eleven patients had fibula flaps. The accuracy of computer-assisted surgery was 4.4±0.8mm. There were no postoperative complications. This study is novel in presenting a treatment protocol for individual computer-assisted reconstruction for post-traumatic maxillofacial bone defects with vascularized flaps.

Digital scanned laser light-sheet fluorescence lifetime microscopy with wide-field time-gated imaging

We develop a multidimensional fluorescence imaging technique by implementing a wide-field time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging into digital scanned laser light-sheet microscopy (FLIM-DSLM) to measure 3D fluorescence lifetime distribution in mesoscopic specimens with high resolution. This is achieved by acquiring a series of time-gated images at different relative time delays with respect of excitation pulses at different depths. The lifetime is determined for each voxel by iteratively fitting to single exponential decay. The performance of the developed system is evaluated with the measurements of a lifetime reference Rhodamine 6G solution and a subresolution fluorescent bead phantom. We also demonstrate the application performances of this system to ex vivo and in vivo imaging of Tg(kdrl:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos, illustrating the lifetime differences between the GFP signal and the autofluorescence signal. The results show that FLIM-DSLM can be used for sample size up to a few millimetres and can be utilised as a powerful and robust method for biomedical research, for example as a readout of protein-protein interactions via Förster resonance energy transfer.

[A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and related factors of dyslipidemia among adults in Anhui province, in 2015]

Objective: Based on the data of chronic diseases and nutrition surveillance among Chinese adults in 2015, dyslipidemia and related factors were analyzed. Methods: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select participants who were aged 18 and over, with questionnaire survey and related measurements conducted. Prevalence rates of dyslipidemia among participants by different characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed, using the method of complex weighting and post-weighted stratification. Results: In all, 7 404 participants were included. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 30.5% among the adults. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia were 36.5% in males and 24.4% in females (P<0.05). The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C were 3.7%, 12.2%, 5.3%, and 19.4%, respectively. Results from the multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that age (OR=1.009, 95%CI: 1.000-1.018), female (OR=0.501, 95%CI: 0.397-0.632), College degree or above (OR=1.728, 95%CI: 1.257-2.374), alcohol consumption 3 (OR=0.711, 95%CI: 0.536-0.943), central obesity (OR=1.868, 95%CI: 1.547-2.257), BMI (OR=1.141, 95%CI: 1.098-1.186), hypertension (OR=1.259, 95%CI: 1.077-1.473) and diabetes (OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.446-2.835) were influencing factors on dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia seemed high among adults in Anhui. Risk factors should be closely monitored and under control, including those people with unhealthy lifestyles or being overweight, obesity, hypertensive and diabetic.

Prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin administration protected against severe acute pancreatitis partially by VEGF/Flt-1 signaling in a rat model

BACKGROUND

The present study was aimed to explore the effects and the underlying mechanism of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment on taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in a rat model.

METHODS

Rat SAP model was induced by injection of 4% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. LMWH was applied half an hour before the induction of pancreatitis at the dose of 200 IU/kg subcutaneous injection. The rats were euthanized at 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h after taurocholate-induced SAP. The inflammatory and oxidative response markers were assessed. And the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1) expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot methods.

RESULTS

The expression of inflammatory and oxidative response markers increased after induction of SAP. IHC and western blot results showed the VEGF and Flt-1 expression were increased in SAP group. Prophylactic LMWH administration reduced the inflammatory and oxidative response markers expression and decreased the expression of VEGF and Flt-1.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggested that prophylactic LMWH treatment mitigated the severity of pancreatitis in rat SAP model by anti-inflammation and oxidative response. The underlying mechanism may result from downregulating VEGF/Flt-1 signaling of LMWH in SAP rat model.

Matrix-material dependence on the elongation of embedded gold nanoparticles induced by 4 MeV C60 and 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation

We report the elongation of embedded Au nanoparticles (NPs) in three different matrices, i.e. amorphous carbon (a-C), crystalline indium tin oxide (In_xSn_1-xO_z; ITO) and crystalline calcium fluoride (CaF₂), under irradiations of 4 MeV C₆₀ ⁺ cluster ions and 200 MeV Xe¹⁴⁺ ions. Under 4 MeV C₆₀ cluster irradiation, strong sputtering is induced in CaF₂ layer so that the whole the layer was completely lost at a fluence of 5 × 10¹³ ions cm^-2. Au NPs were partly observed in the SiO₂, probably due to the recoil implantation. Amorphous carbon (a-C) layer exhibits low sputtering loss even under 4 MeV C₆₀ irradiation. However, the elongation in a-C layer was low. While the ITO layer showed a certain decrease in thickness under 4 MeV C₆₀ irradiation, large elongation of Au NPs was observed under both 4 MeV C₆₀ and 200 MeV Xe irradiation. The ITO layer preserved the crystallinity even after large elongation was induced. This is the first report of the elongation of metal NPs in a crystalline matrix.