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Evers J, Devane L, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX. Effects of stimulation frequency and intensity in sacral neuromodulation on anorectal inputs to the somatosensory cortex in an experimental model. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1317-28. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Although sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established treatment for faecal incontinence, stimulation parameters have been derived empirically and only one frequency (14 Hz) is employed clinically. The aim of this study was to test a range of stimulation frequencies to establish an optimal frequency of SNM for maximum augmentation of anal canal cortical evoked potentials (EPs) in an animal model.
Methods
In female Wistar rats, anal canal EPs were recorded over the primary somatosensory cortex using a flexible multielectrode array, and the effect of SNM was studied. SNM was applied at 0·1–100 Hz and a frequency response curve plotted. The data were fitted to a quadratic equation.
Results
The magnitude of potentiation of anal canal EPs caused by SNM depended significantly on stimulation frequency (P < 0·001). The frequency–potentiation relationship was parabolic in form, with a clear optimum at 2 Hz. The SNM must be applied for at least 3 min. The theoretical maximal potentiation predicted by the model was not found to be statistically different to actual data recorded (P = 0·514–0·814). The response depended on stimulation amplitude in an ‘all-or-nothing’ fashion. EPs were augmented when the SNM intensity was 0·5 times the motor threshold to tail twitch or greater, but values below this intensity failed to affect the EPs.
Conclusion
The effect of SNM in this animal model is governed principally by frequency, with an optimum of 2 Hz. If animal data can be translated to humans, optimization of SNM frequency may offer a clinically relevant improvement in the efficacy of SNM.
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Aasi J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ajith P, Alemic A, Allen B, Allocca A, Amariutei D, Andersen M, Anderson RA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux C, Areeda JS, Ast S, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Augustus H, Aulbert C, Aylott BE, Babak S, Baker PT, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barbet M, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Behnke B, Bejger M, Beker MG, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell C, Bergmann G, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Biscans S, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Boschi V, Bose S, Bosi L, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brückner F, Buchman S, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burman R, Buskulic D, Buy C, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Calderón Bustillo J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campsie P, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano CD, Carbognani F, Carbone L, Caride S, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Celerier C, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen X, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua SSY, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark DE, Clark JA, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette C, Colombini M, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conte A, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Croce RP, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Cutler C, Dahl K, Dal Canton T, Damjanic M, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dattilo V, Daveloza H, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, De Rosa R, DeRosa RT, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dolique V, Dominguez E, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edo T, Edwards M, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Endrőczi G, Essick R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Feldbaum D, Feroz F, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar S, Garufi F, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gleason J, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gordon N, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan S, Goßler S, Gouaty R, Gräf C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Groot P, Grote H, Grover K, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guido CJ, Gushwa K, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Ha J, Hall ED, Hamilton W, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Hart M, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Holt K, Hopkins P, Horrom T, Hoske D, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hu Y, Huerta E, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh M, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Ingram DR, Inta R, Islas G, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacobson M, Jang H, Jaranowski P, Ji Y, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Haris K, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karlen J, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer H, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Keiser GM, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim C, Kim K, Kim NG, Kim N, Kim S, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kline J, Koehlenbeck S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Koranda S, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar DN, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lam PK, Landry M, Lantz B, Larson S, Lasky PD, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee J, Lee PJ, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leonor I, Le Roux A, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine B, Lewis J, Li TGF, Libbrecht K, Libson A, Lin AC, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lockett V, Lodhia D, Loew K, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lopez E, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J, Lubinski MJ, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Ma Y, Macdonald EP, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee R, Mageswaran M, Maglione C, Mailand K, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Manca GM, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mangini NM, Mansell G, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinelli L, Martynov D, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, May G, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, McLin K, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Meidam J, Meinders M, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Meyers PM, Mezzani F, Miao H, Michel C, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mingarelli CMF, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy D, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nagy MF, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nelemans G, Neri I, Neri M, Newton G, Nguyen T, Nielsen AB, Nissanke S, Nitz AH, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin MEN, Nuttall LK, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Omar S, Oppermann P, Oram R, O'Reilly B, Ortega W, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Padilla C, Pai A, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan H, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Papa MA, Paris H, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Pedraza M, Pele A, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poeld J, Poggiani R, Poteomkin A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra S, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero E, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Rácz I, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajalakshmi G, Rakhmanov M, Ramet C, Ramirez K, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Recchia S, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Reula O, Rhoades E, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Roddy SB, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Salemi F, Sammut L, Sandberg V, Sanders JR, Sankar S, Sannibale V, Santiago-Prieto I, Saracco E, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Savage R, Scheuer J, Schilling R, Schilman M, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Shaddock DA, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shao Z, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sidery TL, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer L, Singh R, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith RJE, Smith-Lefebvre ND, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Souradeep T, Staley A, Stebbins J, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stephens BC, Steplewski S, Stevenson S, Stone R, Stops D, Strain KA, Straniero N, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tao J, Tarabrin SP, Taylor R, Tellez G, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Tonelli M, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tse M, Tshilumba D, Tuennermann H, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, Vallisneri M, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Heijningen J, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vincent-Finley R, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vousden WD, Vyachanin SP, Wade AR, Wade L, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang M, Wang X, Ward RL, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wiesner K, Wilkinson C, Williams K, Williams L, Williams R, Williams TD, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer M, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Wittel H, Woan G, Wolovick N, Worden J, Wu Y, Yablon J, Yakushin I, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yang H, Yoshida S, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zhu H, Zhu XJ, Zucker ME, Zuraw S, Zweizig J, Aptekar RL, Atteia JL, Cline T, Connaughton V, Frederiks DD, Golenetskii SV, Hurley K, Krimm HA, Marisaldi M, Pal'shin VD, Palmer D, Svinkin DS, Terada Y, von Kienlin A. Search for gravitational waves associated with γ-ray bursts detected by the interplanetary network. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:011102. [PMID: 25032916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 223 γ-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) in 2005-2010 during LIGO's fifth and sixth science runs and Virgo's first, second, and third science runs. The IPN satellites provide accurate times of the bursts and sky localizations that vary significantly from degree scale to hundreds of square degrees. We search for both a well-modeled binary coalescence signal, the favored progenitor model for short GRBs, and for generic, unmodeled gravitational wave bursts. Both searches use the event time and sky localization to improve the gravitational wave search sensitivity as compared to corresponding all-time, all-sky searches. We find no evidence of a gravitational wave signal associated with any of the IPN GRBs in the sample, nor do we find evidence for a population of weak gravitational wave signals associated with the GRBs. For all IPN-detected GRBs, for which a sufficient duration of quality gravitational wave data are available, we place lower bounds on the distance to the source in accordance with an optimistic assumption of gravitational wave emission energy of 10(-2)M⊙c(2) at 150 Hz, and find a median of 13 Mpc. For the 27 short-hard GRBs we place 90% confidence exclusion distances to two source models: a binary neutron star coalescence, with a median distance of 12 Mpc, or the coalescence of a neutron star and black hole, with a median distance of 22 Mpc. Finally, we combine this search with previously published results to provide a population statement for GRB searches in first-generation LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors and a resulting examination of prospects for the advanced gravitational wave detectors.
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Aasi J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ajith P, Alemic A, Allen B, Allocca A, Amariutei D, Andersen M, Anderson RA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux C, Areeda JS, Ast S, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Augustus H, Aulbert C, Aylott BE, Babak S, Baker PT, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barbet M, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Behnke B, Bejger M, Beker MG, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell C, Bergmann G, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Biscans S, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Boschi V, Bose S, Bosi L, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Briant T, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brückner F, Buchman S, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burman R, Buskulic D, Buy C, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Calderón Bustillo J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campsie P, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano CD, Carbognani F, Carbone L, Caride S, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Celerier C, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin SJ, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen X, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Cho M, Chow JH, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua SSY, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark DE, Clark JA, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette C, Colombini M, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conte A, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Croce RP, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Cutler C, Dahl K, Dal Canton T, Damjanic M, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dattilo V, Daveloza H, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, De Rosa R, DeRosa RT, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dolique V, Dominguez E, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes TP, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edo T, Edwards M, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Endrőczi G, Essick R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Favata M, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Feldbaum D, Feroz F, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Fisher RP, Flaminio R, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gair JR, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar S, Garufi F, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gleason J, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gordon N, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan S, Goßler S, Gouaty R, Gräf C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Groot P, Grote H, Grover K, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guido CJ, Gushwa K, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Ha J, Hall ED, Hamilton W, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Hart M, Hartman MT, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Hofman D, Holt K, Hopkins P, Horrom T, Hoske D, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hu Y, Huerta E, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh M, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Ingram DR, Inta R, Islas G, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacobson M, Jang H, Jaranowski P, Ji Y, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Haris K, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Karlen J, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer H, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Keiser GM, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim C, Kim K, Kim NG, Kim N, Kim S, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kline J, Koehlenbeck S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Koranda S, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar DN, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lam PK, Landry M, Lantz B, Larson S, Lasky PD, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee J, Lee PJ, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leonor I, Le Roux A, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine B, Lewis J, Li TGF, Libbrecht K, Libson A, Lin AC, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lockett V, Lodhia D, Loew K, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lopez E, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J, Lubinski MJ, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Ma Y, Macdonald EP, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee R, Mageswaran M, Maglione C, Mailand K, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Manca GM, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mangini NM, Mansell G, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinelli L, Martynov D, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, May G, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, McLin K, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Meidam J, Meinders M, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Meyers PM, Mezzani F, Miao H, Michel C, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mingarelli CMF, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy D, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nagy MF, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Necula V, Nelemans G, Neri I, Neri M, Newton G, Nguyen T, Nielsen AB, Nissanke S, Nitz AH, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin MEN, Nuttall LK, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Omar S, Oppermann P, Oram R, O'Reilly B, Ortega W, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Padilla C, Pai A, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan H, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Papa MA, Paris H, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Pedraza M, Pele A, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poeld J, Poggiani R, Poteomkin A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra S, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Privitera S, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero E, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Rácz I, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajalakshmi G, Rakhmanov M, Ramet C, Ramirez K, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Recchia S, Reed CM, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Reula O, Rhoades E, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Roddy SB, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Salemi F, Sammut L, Sandberg V, Sanders JR, Sankar S, Sannibale V, Santiago-Prieto I, Saracco E, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Savage R, Scheuer J, Schilling R, Schilman M, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schutz BF, Scott J, Scott SM, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Shaddock DA, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shao Z, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sidery TL, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer L, Singh R, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith RJE, Smith-Lefebvre ND, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Souradeep T, Staley A, Stebbins J, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stephens BC, Steplewski S, Stevenson S, Stone R, Stops D, Strain KA, Straniero N, Strigin S, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tao J, Tarabrin SP, Taylor R, Tellez G, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Tonelli M, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tse M, Tshilumba D, Tuennermann H, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, Vallisneri M, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Heijningen J, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vincent-Finley R, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vousden WD, Vyachanin SP, Wade AR, Wade L, Wade M, Walker M, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang M, Wang X, Ward RL, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wiesner K, Wilkinson C, Williams K, Williams L, Williams R, Williams TD, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer M, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Wittel H, Woan G, Wolovick N, Worden J, Wu Y, Yablon J, Yakushin I, Yam W, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yang H, Yoshida S, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zhu H, Zhu XJ, Zucker ME, Zuraw S, Zweizig J, Aptekar RL, Atteia JL, Cline T, Connaughton V, Frederiks DD, Golenetskii SV, Hurley K, Krimm HA, Marisaldi M, Pal'shin VD, Palmer D, Svinkin DS, Terada Y, von Kienlin A. Search for gravitational waves associated with γ-ray bursts detected by the interplanetary network. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:011102. [PMID: 25032916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.89.122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 223 γ-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) in 2005-2010 during LIGO's fifth and sixth science runs and Virgo's first, second, and third science runs. The IPN satellites provide accurate times of the bursts and sky localizations that vary significantly from degree scale to hundreds of square degrees. We search for both a well-modeled binary coalescence signal, the favored progenitor model for short GRBs, and for generic, unmodeled gravitational wave bursts. Both searches use the event time and sky localization to improve the gravitational wave search sensitivity as compared to corresponding all-time, all-sky searches. We find no evidence of a gravitational wave signal associated with any of the IPN GRBs in the sample, nor do we find evidence for a population of weak gravitational wave signals associated with the GRBs. For all IPN-detected GRBs, for which a sufficient duration of quality gravitational wave data are available, we place lower bounds on the distance to the source in accordance with an optimistic assumption of gravitational wave emission energy of 10(-2)M⊙c(2) at 150 Hz, and find a median of 13 Mpc. For the 27 short-hard GRBs we place 90% confidence exclusion distances to two source models: a binary neutron star coalescence, with a median distance of 12 Mpc, or the coalescence of a neutron star and black hole, with a median distance of 22 Mpc. Finally, we combine this search with previously published results to provide a population statement for GRB searches in first-generation LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors and a resulting examination of prospects for the advanced gravitational wave detectors.
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Grossi U, Carrington EV, Scott SM, Knowles CH. Sacral neuromodulation for anorectal dysfunction secondary to congenital imperforate anus: report of two cases. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:889-90. [PMID: 24777351 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-1874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Palit S, Bhan C, Lunniss PJ, Boyle DJ, Gladman MA, Knowles CH, Scott SM. Evacuation proctography: a reappraisal of normal variability. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:538-46. [PMID: 24528668 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Interpretation of evacuation proctography (EP) images is reliant on robust normative data. Previous studies of EP in asymptomatic subjects have been methodologically limited. The aim of this study was to provide parameters of normality for both genders using EP. METHOD Evacuation proctography was prospectively performed on 46 healthy volunteers (28 women). Proctograms were independently analysed by two reviewers. All established and some new variables of defaecatory structure and function were assessed objectively: anorectal dimensions; anorectal angle changes; evacuation time; percentage contrast evacuated; and incidence of rectal wall morphological 'abnormalities'. RESULTS Normal ranges were calculated for all main variables. Mean end-evacuation time was 88 s (95% CI: 63-113) in male subjects and 128 s (95% CI: 98-158) in female subjects; percentage contrast evacuated was 71% (95% CI: 63-80) in male subjects and 65% (95% CI: 58-72) in female subjects. Twenty-six (93%) of 28 female subjects had a rectocoele with a mean depth of 2.5 cm (upper limit = 3.9 cm). Recto-rectal intussusception was found in nine subjects (approximately 20% of both genders); however, recto-anal intussusception was not observed. Only rectal diameter differed significantly between genders. Qualitatively, three patterns of evacuation were present. CONCLUSION This study defines normal ranges for anorectal dimensions and parameters of emptying, as well as the incidence and characteristics of rectal-wall 'abnormalities' observed or derived from EP. These ranges can be applied clinically for subsequent disease comparison.
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Farmer AD, Scott SM, Hobson AR. Gastrointestinal motility revisited: The wireless motility capsule. United European Gastroenterol J 2014; 1:413-21. [PMID: 24917991 DOI: 10.1177/2050640613510161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The wireless motility capsule (WMC) is a novel ambulatory technology that concurrently measures intraluminal pH, temperature, and pressure as it traverses the gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVES We aim to provide a concise summary of the WMC, detailing the procedure for its administration and the parameters it records. We also review the evidence that has validated the WMC against other methods currently regarded as 'gold standard'. CONCLUSIONS The WMC offers a number of advantages over and above current techniques, especially with respect to patient tolerability, safety, and standardization. The WMC represents a considerable enhancement of the researchers' and clinicians' investigatory armamentarium. If this technology becomes widely adopted, coupled with international consensus upon the interpretation of physiological data derived therein, it may herald a new and exciting era in gastrointestinal physiology.
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Farmer AD, Mohammed SD, Dukes GE, Scott SM, Hobson AR. Caecal pH is a biomarker of excessive colonic fermentation. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5000-5007. [PMID: 24803812 PMCID: PMC4009533 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i17.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To ascertain whether caecal pH is different in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), whose primary symptoms are bloating and distension, to healthy controls.
METHODS: Motility and pH data were reviewed from 16 patients with Rome III defined IBS and 16 healthy controls, who had undergone a wireless motility capsule (WMC) study using a standardized protocol. Motility measures were anchored around known anatomical landmarks as identified by compartmental pH changes. Sixty-minute epochs were used to quantify antral, duodenal, ileal, caecal and distal colonic contractility. The maximum and minimum pH was measured either side of the ileo-caecal junction.
RESULTS: No differences were seen in motility parameters, compartmental transit times or maximal ileal pH between the two groups. Caecal pH was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (5.12 ± 0.05 vs 6.16 ± 0.15, P < 0.0001). The ileal:caecal Δchange was greater in patients than controls (-2.63 ± 0.08 vs -1.42 ± 0.11, P < 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between caecal pH and right colonic contractility (r = 0.54, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION: Patients with bloating and distension have a lower caecal pH compared to controls. The measurement of caecal pH using the WMC provides a quantifiable biomarker of fermentation potentially identifying those patients that may preferentially benefit from antibiotic or dietary interventions.
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Carrington EV, Brokjaer A, Craven H, Zarate N, Horrocks EJ, Palit S, Jackson W, Duthie GS, Knowles CH, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM. Traditional measures of normal anal sphincter function using high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) in 115 healthy volunteers. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:625-35. [PMID: 24628873 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) is a relatively new method for collection and interpretation of data relevant to sphincteric function, and for the first time allows a global appreciation of the anorectum as a functional unit. Historically, traditional anal manometry has been plagued by lack of standardization and healthy volunteer data of variable quality. The aims of this study were: (i) to obtain normative data sets for traditional measures of anorectal function using HRAM in healthy subjects and; (ii) to qualitatively describe novel physiological phenomena, which may be of future relevance when this method is applied to patients. METHODS 115 healthy subjects (96 female) underwent HRAM using a 10 channel, 12F solid-state catheter. Measurements were performed during rest, squeeze, cough, and simulated defecation (push). Data were displayed as color contour plots and analysed using a commercially available manometric system (Solar GI HRM v9.1, Medical Measurement Systems). Associations between age, gender and parity were subsequently explored. KEY RESULTS HRAM color contour plots provided clear delineation of the high-pressure zone within the anal canal and showed recruitment during maneuvers that altered intra-anal pressures. Automated analysis produced quantitative data, which have been presented on the basis of gender and parity due to the effect of these covariates on some sphincter functions. In line with traditional manometry, some age and gender differences were seen. Males had a greater functional anal canal length and anal pressures during the cough maneuver. Parity in females was associated with reduced squeeze increments. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The study provides a large healthy volunteer dataset and parameters of traditional measures of anorectal function. A number of novel phenomena are appreciated, the significance of which will require further analysis and comparisons with patient populations.
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Aasi J, Abadie J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy MR, Accadia T, Acernese F, Adams C, Adams T, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Amador Ceron E, Amariutei D, Anderson RA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Araya MC, Arceneaux C, Areeda J, Ast S, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Austin L, Aylott BE, Babak S, Baker PT, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barker D, Barnum SH, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch J, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Bebronne M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Beker MG, Bell AS, Bell C, Belopolski I, Bergmann G, Berliner JM, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Bessis D, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bhadbhade T, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Blom M, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogan C, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Boschi V, Bose S, Bosi L, Bowers J, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, Brannen CA, Brau JE, Breyer J, Briant T, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Britzger M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brown DD, Brückner F, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Calderón Bustillo J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campsie P, Cannon KC, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano CD, Carbognani F, Carbone L, Caride S, Castiglia A, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen X, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho HS, Chow J, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua SSY, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark DE, Clark JA, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Colombini M, Constancio M, Conte A, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cordier M, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coughlin MW, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Coward DM, Cowart M, Coyne DC, Craig K, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Crowder SG, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dahl K, Dal Canton T, Damjanic M, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dattilo V, Daudert B, Daveloza H, Davier M, Davies GS, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, De Rosa R, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, Del Pozzo W, Deleeuw E, Deléglise S, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Díaz M, Dietz A, Dmitry K, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Du Z, Dumas JC, Dwyer S, Eberle T, Edwards M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Endrőczi G, Essick R, Etzel T, Evans K, Evans M, Evans T, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W, Favata M, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Feldbaum D, Ferrante I, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Fisher R, Flaminio R, Foley E, Foley S, Forsi E, Fotopoulos N, Fournier JD, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fujimoto MK, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gair J, Gammaitoni L, Garcia J, Garufi F, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, Gergely L, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gil-Casanova S, Gill C, Gleason J, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gordon N, Gorodetsky ML, Gossan S, Goßler S, Gouaty R, Graef C, Graff PB, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Griffo C, Groot P, Grote H, Grover K, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Guido C, Gushwa KE, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hall B, Hall E, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Hartman MT, Haughian K, Hayama K, Heefner J, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Holtrop M, Hong T, Hooper S, Horrom T, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hu Y, Hua Z, Huang V, Huerta EA, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh M, Huynh-Dinh T, Iafrate J, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Iyer BR, Izumi K, Jacobson M, James E, Jang H, Jang YJ, Jaranowski P, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson WW, Jones D, Jones DI, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, K H, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Kasprzack M, Kasturi R, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer H, Kaufman K, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Kelley DB, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim BK, Kim C, Kim K, Kim N, Kim W, Kim YM, King EJ, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kline J, Koehlenbeck S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Koranda S, Korth WZ, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Kremin A, Kringel V, Królak A, Kucharczyk C, Kudla S, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kurdyumov R, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Larson S, Lasky PD, Lawrie C, Lazzarini A, Le Roux A, Leaci P, Lebigot EO, Lee CH, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee J, Lee J, Leonardi M, Leong JR, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levine B, Lewis JB, Lhuillier V, Li TGF, Lin AC, Littenberg TB, Litvine V, Liu F, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lloyd D, Lockerbie NA, Lockett V, Lodhia D, Loew K, Logue J, Lombardi AL, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J, Luan J, Lubinski MJ, Lück H, Lundgren AP, Macarthur J, Macdonald E, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Magana-Sandoval F, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Manca GM, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinelli L, Martynov D, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, May G, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIver J, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Meidam J, Meier T, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Miao H, Michel C, Mikhailov EE, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mingarelli CMF, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Mohan M, Mohapatra SRP, Mokler F, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morgado N, Mori T, Morriss SR, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller CL, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy D, Murray PG, Mytidis A, Nagy MF, Nanda Kumar D, Nardecchia I, Nash T, Naticchioni L, Nayak R, Necula V, Nelemans G, Neri I, Neri M, Newton G, Nguyen T, Nishida E, Nishizawa A, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin ME, Nuttall LK, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Ogin GH, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Oppermann P, O'Reilly B, Ortega Larcher W, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ott CD, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Ou J, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Padilla C, Pai A, Palomba C, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Paoletti R, Papa MA, Paris H, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Pedraza M, Peiris P, Penn S, Perreca A, Phelps M, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pinard L, Pindor B, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Poeld J, Poggiani R, Poole V, Poux C, Predoi V, Prestegard T, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prix R, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Quetschke V, Quintero E, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Rácz I, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajalakshmi G, Rakhmanov M, Ramet C, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Re V, Reed CM, Reed T, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Roddy S, Rodriguez C, Rodruck M, Roever C, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Salemi F, Sammut L, Sandberg V, Sanders J, Sannibale V, Santiago-Prieto I, Saracco E, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Saulson PR, Savage R, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schreiber E, Schuette D, Schulz B, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sergeev A, Shaddock D, Shah S, Shahriar MS, Shaltev M, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sidery TL, Siellez K, Siemens X, Sigg D, Simakov D, Singer A, Singer L, Sintes AM, Skelton GR, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith RJE, Smith-Lefebvre ND, Soden K, Son EJ, Sorazu B, Souradeep T, Sperandio L, Staley A, Steinert E, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Steplewski S, Stevens D, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Straniero N, Strigin S, Stroeer AS, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Szeifert G, Tacca M, Talukder D, Tang L, Tanner DB, Tarabrin SP, Taylor R, ter Braack APM, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Tiwari V, Tokmakov KV, Tomlinson C, Toncelli A, Tonelli M, Torre O, Torres CV, Torrie CI, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tse M, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Vallisneri M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Putten S, van der Sluys MV, van Heijningen J, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Verkindt D, Verma S, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Vincent-Finley R, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vlcek B, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vousden WD, Vrinceanu D, Vyachanin SP, Wade A, Wade L, Wade M, Waldman SJ, Walker M, Wallace L, Wan Y, Wang J, Wang M, Wang X, Wanner A, Ward RL, Was M, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Welborn T, Wen L, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, White DJ, Whiting BF, Wibowo S, Wiesner K, Wilkinson C, Williams L, Williams R, Williams T, Willis JL, Willke B, Wimmer M, Winkelmann L, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wittel H, Woan G, Worden J, Yablon J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yancey CC, Yang H, Yeaton-Massey D, Yoshida S, Yum H, Yvert M, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zendri JP, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zhu H, Zhu XJ, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on cosmic strings from the LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave detectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:131101. [PMID: 24745400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic strings can give rise to a large variety of interesting astrophysical phenomena. Among them, powerful bursts of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by cusps are a promising observational signature. In this Letter we present a search for GWs from cosmic string cusps in data collected by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors between 2005 and 2010, with over 625 days of live time. We find no evidence of GW signals from cosmic strings. From this result, we derive new constraints on cosmic string parameters, which complement and improve existing limits from previous searches for a stochastic background of GWs from cosmic microwave background measurements and pulsar timing data. In particular, if the size of loops is given by the gravitational backreaction scale, we place upper limits on the string tension Gμ below 10(-8) in some regions of the cosmic string parameter space.
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Farmer AD, Coen SJ, Kano M, Naqvi H, Paine PA, Scott SM, Furlong PL, Lightman SL, Knowles CH, Aziz Q. Psychophysiological responses to visceral and somatic pain in functional chest pain identify clinically relevant pain clusters. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:139-48. [PMID: 24134072 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite chronic pain being a feature of functional chest pain (FCP) its experience is variable. The factors responsible for this variability remain unresolved. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps, hypothesizing that the psychophysiological profiles of FCP patients will be distinct from healthy subjects. METHODS 20 Rome III defined FCP patients (nine males, mean age 38.7 years, range 28-59 years) and 20 healthy age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls (nine males, mean 38.2 years, range 24-49) had anxiety, depression, and personality traits measured. Subjects had sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system parameters measured at baseline and continuously thereafter. Subjects received standardized somatic (nail bed pressure) and visceral (esophageal balloon distension) stimuli to pain tolerance. Venous blood was sampled for cortisol at baseline, post somatic pain and post visceral pain. KEY RESULTS Patients had higher neuroticism, state and trait anxiety, and depression scores but lower extroversion scores vs controls (all p < 0.005). Patients tolerated less somatic (p < 0.0001) and visceral stimulus (p = 0.009) and had a higher cortisol at baseline, and following pain (all p < 0.001). At baseline, patients had a higher sympathetic tone (p = 0.04), whereas in response to pain they increased their parasympathetic tone (p ≤ 0.008). The amalgamating the data, we identified two psychophysiologically distinct 'pain clusters'. Patients were overrepresented in the cluster characterized by high neuroticism, trait anxiety, baseline cortisol, pain hypersensitivity, and parasympathetic response to pain (all p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In future, such delineations in FCP populations may facilitate individualization of treatment based on psychophysiological profiling.
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Seah DSE, Scott SM, Guo H, Najita J, Lederman R, Frank E, Sohl J, Kronwitz C, Stadler ZK, Silverman SG, Peppercorn J, Winer EP, Come SE, Lin NU. Abstract P4-19-01: Attitudes of medical oncologists towards research biopsies. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p4-19-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
There is increasing interest in studying tissue from patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Historically, limited tissue has been available. Possible barriers to research biopsies (bx) include pt and provider opinions; the contribution of each factor is unknown.
Methods:
309 academic breast medical oncologists (MOs) identified from the websites of each of the National Cancer Institute - designated cancer centers were invited to complete either a self-administered paper or online survey. Eligible MOs (MOs who saw breast cancer pts and who saw pts 4 hours/week.) were asked to predict what proportion of their pts with MBC would consent to additional bx (ABs, additional bx performed with a clinically indicated bx) or research purposes only bx(RPOBs, research bx performed as a standalone procedure). They were also asked about their comfort levels in asking pts with MBC to consider participating in ABs or RPOBs for various organs. Median values are reported. Two-sided Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables using a a level of .05.
Results:
191 (101F,85M, 5 unknown) eligible MOs completed the survey. 29 MOs were ineligible (response rate = 191/280,68%). Median age was 50 (Range 33-80). Median years of oncology experience was 15 (Range 1-45). MOs predicted that 90%, 75%, 70% and 50%, of their pts would definitely/probably consider ABs of blood, skin, breast, or liver respectively. MOs predicted that 90%, 60%, 33%, and 20% of their pts would definitely/probably consider RPOBs of blood, skin, breast, or liver. 98% (95% CI 96%-100%), 96% (95% CI 92%-98%), 93% (95% CI 88%-96%) and 70% (95% CI 63%-77%) of MOs were very/somewhat comfortable asking pts for an AB of blood, skin, breast and liver respectively. 98% (95% CI 95%-99%), 93% (95% CI 89%-96%), 78% (95% CI 72%-84%) and 50% (95% CI 43%-58%) of MOs were very/somewhat comfortable asking pts to participate in a RPOB of blood, skin, breast and liver respectively.
No demographic characteristics (eg. sex, age) were associated with MOs’ comfort levels of asking pts to have an AB of blood, skin and breast.
Factors associated with increased comfort discussing an AB of the liver were: age < 50 years (p = 0.01), in practice for < 15 years (p = 0.01), ≥ 1 pt enrolled on clinical trials per month (p = 0.02), or having pts who had undergone bx for research in prior 3 months (p<0.01).
MOs with ≥ 4 patients enrolled on clinical trials/month or whose pts had undergone research bx in the past 3 months were more likely to feel comfortable asking pts to have a RPOB of the breast (p<0.01; p<0.01) or liver (p = 0.03; p<0.01).
The 3 most common reasons why MOs were reluctant to refer pts for participation in an AB include risk of a bx procedure (n = 128, 67%), pain/discomfort of a bx (n = 125, 65%), and logistical barriers (n = 42, 22%). These reasons are similar for RPOB; risk of a bx procedure, (n = 137, 72%), pain/discomfort of a bx (n = 134, 70%), and inconvenience to pt (time involved, travel, etc) (n = 58, 30%).
Conclusions:
Many MOs predict that the majority of their MBC pts will consider ABs of various organs. However, this decreases with RPOBs, particularly as the procedure becomes more invasive. More research is needed to understand factors that may influence MOs’ comfort levels asking pts to participate in such studies.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-19-01.
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Farmer AD, Coen SJ, Kano M, Worthen SF, Rossiter HE, Navqi H, Scott SM, Furlong PL, Aziz Q. Psychological traits influence autonomic nervous system recovery following esophageal intubation in health and functional chest pain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:950-e772. [PMID: 24112145 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal intubation is a widely utilized technique for a diverse array of physiological studies, activating a complex physiological response mediated, in part, by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In order to determine the optimal time period after intubation when physiological observations should be recorded, it is important to know the duration of, and factors that influence, this ANS response, in both health and disease. METHODS Fifty healthy subjects (27 males, median age 31.9 years, range 20-53 years) and 20 patients with Rome III defined functional chest pain (nine male, median age of 38.7 years, range 28-59 years) had personality traits and anxiety measured. Subjects had heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), sympathetic (cardiac sympathetic index, CSI), and parasympathetic nervous system (cardiac vagal tone, CVT) parameters measured at baseline and in response to per nasum intubation with an esophageal catheter. CSI/CVT recovery was measured following esophageal intubation. KEY RESULTS In all subjects, esophageal intubation caused an elevation in HR, BP, CSI, and skin conductance response (SCR; all p < 0.0001) but concomitant CVT and cardiac sensitivity to the baroreflex (CSB) withdrawal (all p < 0.04). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that longer CVT recovery times were independently associated with higher neuroticism (p < 0.001). Patients had prolonged CSI and CVT recovery times in comparison to healthy subjects (112.5 s vs 46.5 s, p = 0.0001 and 549 s vs 223.5 s, p = 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Esophageal intubation activates a flight/flight ANS response. Future studies should allow for at least 10 min of recovery time. Consideration should be given to psychological traits and disease status as these can influence recovery.
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Seah DS, Scott SM, Najita J, Openshaw T, Krag K, Frank E, Sohl J, Stadler ZK, Garrett M, Silverman SG, Peppercorn J, Winer EP, Come SE, Lin NU. Attitudes of patients with metastatic breast cancer toward research biopsies. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1853-1859. [PMID: 23493137 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research studies involving human tissue are increasingly common. However, patients' attitudes toward research biopsies are not well characterized, particularly when the biopsies are carried out outside the context of therapeutic trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred sixty patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) from two academic (n = 80) and two community (n = 80) hospitals completed a 29-item self-administered survey to evaluate their willingness to consider providing research purposes only biopsies (RPOBs) (as a stand-alone procedure) and additional biopsies (ABs) (additional needle passes at the time of a clinically indicated biopsy). RESULTS Eighty-two (51%) of 160 patients would consider having RPOBs, of which 42 (53%) and 40 (50%) patients were from academic and community hospitals, respectively. Patients who had more prior biopsies were less likely to consider RPOBs (RR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-1.0, P = 0.03). Of 160 patients, 115 (72%) patients would consider having ABs. Of these, 64 (80%) and 51 (64%) patients from academic and community hospitals, respectively, would consider ABs (RR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.5, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Many patients with MBC in both academic and community settings report willingness to consider undergoing biopsies for research. Further research is needed to understand ethical, logistical and provider-based barriers to broader participation in such studies.
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Athanasakos EP, Kemal KI, Malliwal RS, Scott SM, Williams NS, Aziz Q, Ward HC, Knowles CH. Clinical and psychosocial functioning in adolescents and young adults with anorectal malformations and chronic idiopathic constipation. Br J Surg 2013; 100:832-9. [PMID: 23553758 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecal incontinence (FI) and constipation occur following corrective surgery for anorectal malformations (ARMs) and in children or adults with chronic constipation without a structural birth anomaly (chronic idiopathic constipation, CIC). Such symptoms may have profound effects on quality of life (QoL). This study systematically determined the burden of FI and constipation in these patients in adolescence and early adulthood, and their effect on QoL and psychosocial functioning in comparison with controls. METHODS Patients with ARMs or CIC were compared with age- and sex-matched controls who had undergone appendicectomy more than 1 year previously and had no ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms. Constipation and FI were evaluated using validated Knowles-Eccersley-Scott Symptom (KESS) and Vaizey scores respectively. Standardized QoL and psychometric tests were performed in all groups. RESULTS The study included 49 patients with ARMs (30 male, aged 11-28 years), 45 with CIC (32 male, aged 11-30 years) and 39 controls (21 male, aged 11-30 years). The frequency of severe constipation among patients with ARMs was approximately half that seen in the CIC group (19 of 49 versus 31 of 45); however, frequencies of incontinence were similar (22 of 49 versus 21 of 45) (P < 0·001 versus controls for both symptoms). Physical and mental well-being were significantly reduced in both ARM and CIC groups compared with controls (P = 0·001 and P = 0·015 respectively), with generally worse scores among patients with CIC. Both were predicted by gastrointestinal symptom burden (P < 0·001). There were no statistically significant differences in state or trait psychiatric morbidity between groups. CONCLUSION FI and constipation are major determinants of poor QoL in adolescents and young adults with ARMs and in those with CIC.
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Dent AJ, Cibin G, Ramos S, Parry SA, Gianolio D, Smith AD, Scott SM, Varandas L, Patel S, Pearson MR, Hudson L, Krumpa NA, Marsch AS, Robbins PE. Performance of B18, the Core EXAFS Bending Magnet beamline at Diamond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/430/1/012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Burgell RE, Lelic D, Carrington EV, Lunniss PJ, Olesen SS, Surguy S, Drewes AM, Scott SM. Assessment of rectal afferent neuronal function and brain activity in patients with constipation and rectal hyposensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:260-7, e167-8. [PMID: 23240734 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blunted rectal sensation (rectal hyposensitivity: RH) is present in almost one-quarter of patients with chronic constipation. The mechanisms of its development are not fully understood, but in a proportion, afferent dysfunction is likely. To determine if, in patients with RH, alteration of rectal sensory pathways exists, rectal evoked potentials (EPs) and inverse modeling of cortical dipoles were examined. METHODS Rectal EPs (64 channels) were recorded in 13 patients with constipation and RH (elevated thresholds to balloon distension) and 11 healthy controls, in response to electrical stimulation of the rectum at 10 cm from the anal verge using a bipolar stimulating electrode. Stimuli were delivered at pain threshold. Evoked potential peak latencies and amplitudes were analyzed, and inverse modeling was performed on traces obtained to determine the location of cortical generators. KEY RESULTS Pain threshold was higher in patients than controls [median 59 (range 23-80) mA vs 24 (10-55) mA; P = 0.007]. Median latency to the first negative peak was 142 (±24) ms in subjects compared with 116 (±15) ms in controls (P = 0.004). There was no difference in topographic analysis of EPs or location of cortical activity demonstrated by inverse modeling between groups. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This study is the first showing objective evidence of alteration in the rectal afferent pathway of individuals with RH and constipation. Prolonged latencies suggest a primary defect in sensory neuronal function, while cerebral processing of visceral sensory information appears normal.
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Wiklendt L, Mohammed SD, Scott SM, Dinning PG. Classification of normal and abnormal colonic motility based on cross-correlations of pancolonic manometry data. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e215-23. [PMID: 23360122 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manual analysis of data acquired from manometric studies of colonic motility is laborious, subject to laboratory bias and not specific enough to differentiate all patients from control subjects. Utilizing a cross-correlation technique, we have developed an automated analysis technique that can reliably differentiate the motor patterns of patients with slow transit constipation (STC) from those recorded in healthy controls. METHODS Pancolonic manometric data were recorded from 17 patients with STC and 14 healthy controls. The automated analysis involved calculation of an indicator value derived from cross-correlations calculated between adjacent recording sites in a manometric trace. The automated technique was conducted on blinded real data sets (observed) and then to determine the likelihood of positive indicator values occurring by chance, the channel number within each individual data set were randomized (expected) and reanalyzed. KEY RESULTS In controls, the observed indicator value (3.2 ± 1.4) was significantly greater than that predicted by chance (0.8 ± 1.5; P < 0.0001). In patients, the observed indicator value (-2.7 ± 1.8) did not differ from that predicted by chance (-3.5 ± 1.6; P = 0.1). The indicator value for controls differed significantly from that of patients (P < 0.0001), with all individual patients falling outside of the range of indicator values for controls. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Automated analysis of colonic manometry data using cross-correlation separated all patients from controls. This automated technique indicates that the contractile motor patterns in STC patients differ from those recorded in healthy controls. The analytical technique may represent a means for defining subtypes of constipation.
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Seah DS, Scott SM, Najita J, Openshaw T, Krag KJ, Frank E, Sohl J, Stadler ZK, Garrett M, Winer EP, Come S, Lin NU. Abstract P2-16-04: Attitudes of metastatic breast cancer patients towards research biopsies. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p2-16-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In the era of molecularly targeted therapy, developing an understanding of the molecular basis of cancer is a principal or secondary goal of many research studies. For this reason, studies collecting tissue for research purposes are increasingly common. Understanding patients' attitudes towards research biopsies may lead to improvement in accrual to research biopsy studies.
Methods: Patients with metastatic breast cancer from two academic and two community hospitals completed a self-administered paper survey consisting of 29 questions in clinic to evaluate their willingness to consider providing additional biopsies (additional biopsy performed with a clinically indicated biopsy) and research purposes only biopsies (RPOB) (research biopsy performed as a stand alone procedure).
Results: 160 patients (n = 80 academic, n=80 community) completed the survey, with a response rate of 98%. As expected, demographic variables differed between sites, with patients from academic sites likely to be younger (p = 0.01), more educated (p = 0.002), employed (p = 0.01), have prior trial participation (P <0.001) and have a longer travel time (P <0.0001). 64 (80%) academic patients and 51 (64%) community patients would definitely or probably consider additional biopsies. 42 (53%) academic patients and 40 (50%) community patients would consider RPOB.
In univariate analyses of patients' willingness to have additional biopsies, patients in academic sites were more likely to agree to additional biopsies than those at community sites (RR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.5, p = 0.03). Statistically significant differences based on demographic characteristics such as age, education, marital status, prior trial participation, number of prior biopsies, and travel time were not observed.
For RPOB, patients having had more prior biopsies were less likely to consider research biopsies (RR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–1.0, p = 0.03). The following variables did not reach statistical significance: type of practice, age, education, marital status, prior trial participation, and travel time.
Patients' willingness in both academic and community sites to consider RPOB declined with more invasive biopsies. Although differences were observed, none were statistically significant between academic and community; skin (56%, 65%), bone marrow (30%, 27%), breast (43%, 49%) or liver (24%, 19%).
Of the 13/160 (8%) patients who would not consider additional biopsies, the most common reasons cited included pain or discomfort (n = 8/13, 62%), risk of biopsy (n = 8/13, 62%) and anxiety related to the biopsy (n = 6/13, 46%). Of the 37/160 (23%) patients who would not consider RPOB, the most common reasons cited included pain or discomfort (n = 23/37, 62%), risk of biopsy (n = 15/37, 41%) and inconvenience of the procedure to the patient (n = 13/37, 35%).
Conclusions: The majority of patients in this study indicated they would consider research biopsies, with a larger proportion willing to consider additional biopsies; patients seen at academic hospitals were more likely to consider additional biopsies compared to those seen at community hospitals. Breast cancer patients' willingness to undergo research biopsies may be higher than generally expected by clinicians and may not be the primary barrier to obtaining research biopsies.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-04.
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Burgell RE, Scott SM. Rectal hyposensitivity. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 18:373-84. [PMID: 23105997 PMCID: PMC3479250 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2012.18.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired or blunted rectal sensation, termed rectal hyposensitivity (RH), which is defined clinically as elevated sensory thresholds to rectal balloon distension, is associated with disorders of hindgut function, characterised primarily by symptoms of constipation and fecal incontinence. However, its role in symptom generation and the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the sensory dysfunction remain incompletely understood, although there is evidence that RH may be due to 'primary' disruption of the afferent pathway, 'secondary' to abnormal rectal biomechanics, or to both. Nevertheless, correction of RH by various interventions (behavioural, neuromodulation, surgical) is associated with, and may be responsible for, symptomatic improvement. This review provides a contemporary overview of RH, focusing on diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology, and treatment paradigms.
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Cook CJ, Scott SM, Devine CE. Measurement of nitric oxide and the effect of enhancing or inhibiting it on tenderness changes of meat. Meat Sci 2012; 48:85-9. [PMID: 22062881 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(97)00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/1997] [Revised: 05/21/1997] [Accepted: 06/30/1997] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Possible roles of the cellular messenger nitric oxide (NO) in post-mortem meat ageing were investigated in bull m. longissimus lumborum. Both enhancement and inhibition of NO activity had positive and negative effects, respectively, on early rates of ageing. These also correlated with direct measurements of NO in the meat samples. However, by 8 days of storage, the tenderness was not significantly different to non treated meat samples.
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Payne SR, Durham CJ, Scott SM, Devine CE. The effects of non-vacuum packaging systems on drip loss from chilled beef. Meat Sci 2012; 49:277-87. [PMID: 22060578 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(97)00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/1997] [Revised: 11/04/1997] [Accepted: 11/08/1997] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated drip loss in chilled beef (hot-boned m. longissimus lumborum (LL)) under conventional packaging systems, in which a vacuum is applied, and non-vacuum packaging systems. The use of vacuum during the packaging process (vacuum packaging, CO(2) atmosphere packaging) was associated with increased drip. Drip was lower in heat-shrunk vacuum packaging than in non-shrunk vacuum packaging. A slow vacuum onset had no effect on drip formation, or may have increased it. The extent of pressure reduction (vacuum; range 0-1 atm) did not significantly affect drip formation, although the standard vacuum pressure (0 atm) tended to cause more drip loss than higher pressures. The three non-vacuum anaerobic packaging systems tested were: flushed with carbon dioxide without the pressure being reduced below atmospheric (Flush), or the same system with no CO(2) flush but a proprietary oxygen absorber added (Scavenger), or a combination of both (Flush/Scavenger). Storage was at -1.5 °C for up to 20 weeks. The Flush and Flush/Scavenger systems had considerably lower drip loss than the CAP standard system (6.4%, 6.5%, and 9.1% respectively); the Scavenger system had the lowest drip loss (5.2%). Drip losses generally increased with storage period, irrespective of packaging system. All non-vacuum packaging systems except the Flush system had very low oxygen levels (<0.l% v v ). The Flush system had considerably higher levels of oxygen (0.9%) with associated browning of meat samples. All packaging systems gave a hygienic shelf-life of at least 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, microbial numbers were highest (5 × 10(6)) in the Scavenger system. The meat from all packaging systems was acceptable to taste panels even after 16 weeks of storage at -1.5 °C. There were no significant differences between any of the packaging systems for any of the sensory attributes tested. The packaging systems with the best all round performance were the Flush/Scavenger and the Scavenger systems, depending on the storage-life required.
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Hotouras A, Thaha MA, Allison ME, Currie A, Scott SM, Chan CLH. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in females with faecal incontinence: the impact of sphincter morphology and rectal sensation on the clinical outcome. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:927-30. [PMID: 22274577 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is an acceptable second line treatment for patients with faecal incontinence (FI) unresponsive to conservative measures. There is however a paucity of data in the literature regarding its efficacy. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of PTNS in an exclusively female cohort of patients and to identify factors that may predict treatment response. METHOD A prospective cohort of female patients with FI underwent evaluation of sphincter morphology, anorectal pressures and rectal sensation as part of their physiologic assessment prior to treatment. PTNS was performed according to a specific departmental protocol. The clinical outcomes measured were: (1) Cleveland Clinic incontinence scores, (2) deferment time and (3) weekly incontinence episodes. Outcomes were compared at baseline and following treatment using appropriate statistical tests. Clinical outcomes were correlated with the results of the anorectal physiology testing (i.e. sphincter morphology, rectal sensation). RESULTS Eighty-eight female patients with a mean age of 58.0 ± 13.6 years were included in the analysis. FI was predominantly a late consequence of obstetric injury. The mean incontinence score improved from 12.2 ± 4.0 at baseline to 9.1 ± 4.6 following treatment (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant improvements were also seen in the median deferment time and median number of weekly incontinence episodes. Sphincter damage and altered rectal sensation did not appear to influence the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS PTNS is an effective treatment in female patients with FI. Improvements in clinical outcomes were independent of damage to the anal sphincter complex in patients with normal rectal sensation.
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Abstract
Human defecation involves integrated and coordinated sensorimotor functions, orchestrated by central, spinal, peripheral (somatic and visceral), and enteric neural activities, acting on a morphologically intact gastrointestinal tract (including the final common path, the pelvic floor, and anal sphincters). The multiple factors that ultimately result in defecation are best appreciated by describing four temporally and physiologically fairly distinct phases. This article details our current understanding of normal defecation, including recent advances, but importantly identifies those areas where knowledge or consensus is still lacking. Appreciation of normal physiology is central to directed treatment of constipation and also of fecal incontinence, which are prevalent in the general population and cause significant morbidity.
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Abadie J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abernathy M, Accadia T, Acernese F, Adams C, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen GS, Ceron EA, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Antonucci F, Arain MA, Araya MC, Aronsson M, Arun KG, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Atkinson D, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Barker D, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Behnke B, Beker MG, Belletoile A, Benacquista M, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Beveridge N, Beyersdorf PT, Bigotta S, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birindelli S, Biswas R, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Blom M, Boccara C, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Bondarescu R, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Bose S, Bosi L, Bouhou B, Boyle M, Braccini S, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Breyer J, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Britzger M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Budzyński R, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burguet-Castell J, Burmeister O, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cain J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campagna E, Campsie P, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano C, Carbognani F, Caride S, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chalermsongsak T, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Christensen N, Chua SSY, Chung CTY, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Colacino CN, Colas J, Colla A, Colombini M, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coulon JP, Coward DM, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Culter RM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dahl K, Danilishin SL, Dannenberg R, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Das K, Dattilo V, Daudert B, Davier M, Davies G, Davis A, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, De Rosa R, DeBra D, Degallaix J, del Prete M, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Devanka P, Dhurandhar S, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Paolo Emilio M, Di Virgilio A, Díaz M, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Dorsher S, Douglas ESD, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Dueck J, Dumas JC, Eberle T, Edgar M, Edwards M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Engel R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Farr BF, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Feldbaum D, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Flaminio R, Flanigan M, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Forsi E, Fotopoulos N, Fournier JD, Franc J, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Friedrich D, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Galimberti M, Gammaitoni L, Garofoli JA, Garufi F, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, Gholami I, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill C, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gorodetsky ML, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Greverie C, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hall P, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Haughian K, Hayama K, Hayau JF, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heitmann H, Hello P, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoyland D, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Jaranowski P, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kanner JB, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim H, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Krause T, Kringel V, Krishnamurthy S, Krishnan B, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kullman J, Kumar R, Kwee P, Landry M, Lang M, Lantz B, Lastzka N, Lazzarini A, Leaci P, Leong J, Leonor I, Leroy N, Letendre N, Li J, Li TGF, Liguori N, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lu P, Luan J, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Lundgren AD, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Majorana E, Mak C, Maksimovic I, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan DJA, Meadors G, Mehmet M, Meier T, Melatos A, Melissinos AC, Mendell G, Menéndez DF, Mercer RA, Merill L, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Miao H, Michel C, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mino Y, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Mohan M, Mohanty SD, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreau J, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morgia A, Morioka T, Mors K, Mosca S, Moscatelli V, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Nash T, Nawrodt R, Nelson J, Neri I, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin GH, Oldenburg RG, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Page A, Pagliaroli G, Palladino L, Palomba C, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Papa MA, Pardi S, Pareja M, Parisi M, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel P, Pathak D, Pedraza M, Pekowsky L, Penn S, Peralta C, Perreca A, Persichetti G, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pietka M, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Poggiani R, Postiglione F, Prato M, Predoi V, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Prix R, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radke T, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rakhmanov M, Rankins B, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Re V, Reed CM, Reed T, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Roberts P, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Rocchi A, Roddy S, Röver C, Rolland L, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romano R, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sakosky M, Salemi F, Sammut L, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaría L, Santostasi G, Saraf S, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Satterthwaite M, Saulson PR, Savage R, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schulz B, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sergeev A, Shaddock DA, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Singer A, Sintes AM, Skelton G, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Speirits FC, Sperandio L, Stein AJ, Stein LC, Steinlechner S, Steplewski S, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strigin S, Stroeer AS, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sung M, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Szokoly GP, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tarabrin SP, Taylor JR, Taylor R, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Thüring A, Titsler C, Tokmakov KV, Toncelli A, Tonelli M, Torre O, Torres C, Torrie CI, Tournefier E, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trias M, Trummer J, Tseng K, Turner L, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Vaishnav B, Vajente G, Vallisneri M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Putten S, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vavoulidis M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Veltkamp C, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Villar AE, Vinet JY, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Wanner A, Ward RL, Was M, Wei P, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, White D, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams L, Willke B, Winkelmann L, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yeaton-Massey D, Yoshida S, Yu P, Yvert M, Zanolin M, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Directional limits on persistent gravitational waves using LIGO S5 science data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:271102. [PMID: 22243300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.271102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The gravitational-wave (GW) sky may include nearby pointlike sources as well as stochastic backgrounds. We perform two directional searches for persistent GWs using data from the LIGO S5 science run: one optimized for pointlike sources and one for arbitrary extended sources. Finding no evidence to support the detection of GWs, we present 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper-limit maps of GW strain power with typical values between 2-20×10(-50) strain(2) Hz(-1) and 5-35×10(-49) strain(2) Hz(-1) sr(-1) for pointlike and extended sources, respectively. The latter result is the first of its kind. We also set 90% C.L. limits on the narrow-band root-mean-square GW strain from interesting targets including Sco X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic center as low as ≈7×10(-25) in the most sensitive frequency range near 160 Hz.
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Dinning PG, Scott SM. Novel diagnostics and therapy of colonic motor disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:624-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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