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Rozenek R, Ward P, Long S, Garhammer J. Effects of high-calorie supplements on body composition and muscular strength following resistance training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2002; 42:340-7. [PMID: 12094125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy-three healthy, male subjects randomly divided into 3 groups participated in a study to determine the effects of 2 high-calorie nutritional supplements on body composition, body segment circumferences, and muscular strength following a resistance-training (RT) program. METHODS In addition to their normal diets group 1 (CHO/PRO; n=26) consumed a 8.4 Mj x day(-1) (2010 kcal) high calorie, high protein supplement containing 356 g carbohydrate and 106 g protein. Group 2 (CHO; n=25) consumed a carbohydrate supplement that was isocaloric with CHO/PRO. Group 3 (CTRL; n=22) received no supplement and served as a control. All subjects were placed on a 4-day x week(-1) RT program for 8 weeks. RESULTS Dietary analysis revealed no significant differences in total energy consumption or nutrients at any time in the non-supplemented diets of the 3 groups. Significant (p= or <0.05) increases in body mass (BM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were observed in CHO/PRO and CHO compared to CTRL. Mean (+/- SD) increases in BM were 3.1+/-3.1 kg and 3.1+/-2.2 kg, respectively. Fat-free mass significantly (p= or <0.05) increased 2.9+/-3.4 kg in CHO/PRO and 3.4+/-2.5 kg in CHO. Muscular strength, as measured by a one-repetition maximum in the bench press, leg press, and lat-pull down increased significantly (p= or <0.05) in all groups. No significant differences in strength measures were observed among groups following training. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that high-calorie supplements are effective in increasing BM and FFM when combined with RT. However, once individual protein requirements are met, energy content of the diet has the largest effect on body composition.
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Roberts C, Adebajo AO, Long S. Improving the quality of care of musculoskeletal conditions in primary care. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41:503-8. [PMID: 12011372 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/41.5.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the support services general practitioners (GPs) need when working with patients who have musculoskeletal problems and their educational needs in order to deliver an improved service. METHODS GPs (n=446) on the Sheffield and Barnsley principal lists were sent a questionnaire (53.8% response rate). Semistructured interviews of a purposive sample of 10 GPs were analysed qualitatively to increase understanding of the research objectives. RESULTS GPs were self-confident in managing common musculoskeletal conditions such as gout (86% of GPs who replied), back pain (69%), osteoarthritis (62%) and sporting injuries (58%) entirely within the surgery. Despite high levels of confidence in diagnosing non-specific pain syndromes, 68% of GPs would refer to a rheumatologist. Most GPs (68%) were happy with their current referral rates to physiotherapists and 65% of GPs in this sample provided a personal injection service. Reduction of inappropriate prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs would be helped by better patient education materials on treatments (90%) and more resources for the primary care physiotherapy service (85%). Half of the GPs had had specific musculoskeletal training within the last 5 yr. Half of the GPs planned to update their knowledge and skills in the next year, 64% of these preferring a taught interactive course, 50% wanting to sit in with a consultant in clinic and 46% preferring to learn as part of a personal learning plan. CONCLUSIONS GPs feel confident managing the majority of musculoskeletal conditions within the surgery provided they have adequate support in terms of opportunities for appropriate education, particularly joint injection techniques, ongoing consultant support for complex cases with poor outcomes, particularly non-specific pain syndromes, adequate access to physiotherapy, and a multidisciplinary approach to pain control and inappropriate prescribing.
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Crystal-Peters J, Chang S, Long S, Tretiak R. Health care expenditures of patients with major depressive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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104
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Long S, Ahmad N, Rebagliati M. Zebrafish hearts and minds: nodal signaling in cardiac and neural left-right asymmetry. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2002; 67:27-36. [PMID: 12858520 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2002.67.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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105
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Rowland AS, Umbach DM, Catoe KE, Stallone L, Long S, Rabiner D, Naftel AJ, Panke D, Faulk R, Sandler DP. Studying the epidemiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: screening method and pilot results. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2001; 46:931-40. [PMID: 11816314 DOI: 10.1177/070674370104601005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As part of a larger epidemiologic study of risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this pilot study combined parent and teacher information to estimate ADHD prevalence among elementary school children in a North Carolina county. The methods developed for this study and the pitfalls we encountered illustrate the challenges involved in conducting population-based studies of ADHD. METHODS We employed 2-stage screening using DSM-IV criteria. Teachers completed behaviour-rating scales for all children. We then administered a structured telephone interview to parents of potential cases. We screened 362 of 424 (85%) children in grades 1 to 5 in 4 schools. RESULTS According to parent reports, 43 children (12%) had previously been diagnosed with ADHD by a health professional. Thirty-four children (9%) were taking ADHD medication. Forty-six children (12.7%) met study case criteria for ADHD, based on combined teacher and parent reports. Of the 46 cases, 18 (39%) had not been previously identified. Eight previously diagnosed children, however, did not meet case criteria. After we adjusted for nonresponse, the estimated prevalence was 16% (95%CI, 12% to 20%). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the DSM-IV prevalence of ADHD has been substantially underestimated, although the true prevalence in this population may be less than the 16% estimated here. Population-based studies of ADHD are feasible and may provide important information about practice and treatment patterns in community settings, as well as a broader understanding of the etiology and life course of this common disorder.
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DiBerardina D, Hayes H, Fries R, Long S. International system for cytogenetic nomenclature of domestic animals. The Second International Conference on Standardization of Domestic Animal Karyotypes, INRA, Jouy-en Josas, France, 22nd-26th May, 1989. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 2001; 53:65-79. [PMID: 11545113 DOI: 10.1159/000132898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Extant echinoderms are members of an ancient and highly derived deuterostome phylum. The composition and arrangement of their Hox gene clusters are consequently of interest not only from the perspective of evolution of development, but also in terms of metazoan phylogeny and body plan evolution. Over the last decade numerous workers have reported partial Hox gene sequences from a variety of echinoderms. In this paper we used a combined methods approach to analyze phylogenetic relationships between 68 echinoderm Hox homeodomain fragments, from species of five extant classes--two asteroids, one crinoid, one ophiuroid, one holothuroid, and three echinoids. This analysis strengthens Mito and Endo's (2000) proposition that the ancestral echinoderm's Hox gene cluster contained at least eleven genes, including at least four posterior paralogous group genes. However, representatives of all paralogous groups are not known from all echinoderm classes. In particular, these data suggest that echinoids may have lost a posterior group Hox gene subsequent to the divergence of the echinoderm classes. Evolution of the highly derived echinoderm body plan may have been accompanied by class-specific duplication, diversification and loss of Hox genes.
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108
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Zhu H, Xu J, Varlashkin P, Long S, Kidd C. Dehydration, hydration behavior, and structural analysis of fenoprofen calcium. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:845-59. [PMID: 11458334 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fenoprofen calcium (FC) is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic agent. The dehydration behavior of FC dihydrate and the rehydration of the dried FC were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD). The stoichiometry, the crystal packing arrangement, and water environments in FC dihydrate were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The Arrhenius plot (natural logarithm of the dehydration rate constant versus the reciprocal of absolute temperature) for FC dihydrate from isothermal TGA is not linear. The activation energy of dehydration was 309 kJ/mol in the 50-60 degrees C range and 123 kJ/mol in the 60-80 degrees C range. The difference in activation energy can be explained from the crystal structure data where one water molecule is sandwiched between repeating polar carboxylate groups and the other water is in a slightly less polar region of the crystal. Single-crystal XRD analysis also indicated each calcium ion is coordinated to six oxygens. Two coordinating oxygens are provided by two water molecules and the other four oxygens are provided by the carboxylate group of four separate fenoprofen anions. Each fenoprofen anion, which can provide two oxygens for coordination, is associated with two different calcium ions. Hot-stage PXRD suggested that only a loss of 1 mole of water per mole of FC dihydrate (forming a monohydrate) was required to convert the material to a partially crystalline state. The monohydrate is not completely disordered as evidenced by a strong diffraction peak as well as some weaker peaks in the PXRD pattern. The rehydration of the anhydrous form of FC follows a solution-mediated transformation, prior to crystallizing as the dihydrate.
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Long S, Xie Y, Zhou J, Liu L. [Effect of cadmium on the phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in mice tested by chemiluminescence of whole blood]. WEI SHENG YAN JIU = JOURNAL OF HYGIENE RESEARCH 2001; 30:195-7. [PMID: 12561510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cadmium chloride on the immunological toxicity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and on lipid peroxidation in liver were measured by using the chemiluminesence of whole blood and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The results showed that 0.1 and 10 mmol/L of cadmium chloride could accelerate the chemiluminesence of whole blood in vitro, but 1000 mmol/L of cadmium chloride inhibit the chemiluminesence. Two hours after the injection of cadmium chloride through caudal vein, chemiluminesence of whole blood was induced obviously at the dose of cadmium 1 and 100 micrograms/kg BW in vivo, but the chemiluminesence was inhibited at the dose of 500 and 1000 micrograms/kg BW. At the dose of 1 microgram/kg BW, the peroxidation of liver lipids was induced. The results suggested that cadmium at low concentration accelerated the immunity of PMN, while high concentration was toxic to PMN, cadmium at low concentration could accelerate the phagocytic function of phagocytes. Phagocytosis brings about excessive active oxygen in organism and intensifies the action of active oxygen on the lipid peroxidation in tissue cells, at last, results in organic oxidation injury.
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110
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Long S, Salin ML. Molecular cloning, sequencing analysis and expression of the catalase-peroxidase gene from Halobacterium salinarum. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 2001; 12:39-51. [PMID: 11702717 DOI: 10.3109/10425170109042049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding catalase-peroxidase was cloned from chromosomal DNA from the Archaea, Halobacterium salinarum. The nucleotide sequence of a 3.5 kb fragment, containing the catalase-peroxidase gene and its flanking regions was determined. A 2.16 kb open reading frame was obtained, encoding the enzyme which was comprised of 720 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 80 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the H. salinarum catalase-peroxidase showed a high degree of identity to other bifunctional catalase-peroxidases. A transcriptional start site was identified 183 bp upstream of the translational start codon. Southern blot analysis indicated that catalase-peroxidase was a single copy gene. The Archaeal catalase-peroxidase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expressed fusion protein exhibited both catalase and peroxidase activities.
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111
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Li S, Long S. [Effects of manganese, zircon and lithium alone on rat liver lipid peroxidation]. WEI SHENG YAN JIU = JOURNAL OF HYGIENE RESEARCH 2001; 30:142-3. [PMID: 12525082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxide (LPO) in rat liver was detected by malondiadehyde (MDA) colorimetry. The effect of manganese, zircon and lithium alone on lipid peroxidation in rat liver was also studied. The results showed that manganese and zircon at the doses of (9.862-1.972) x 10(-4) and (0.1972-9.862) x 10(-5) nmol/L respectively decreased LPO in rat liver(P < 0.01). Lithium inhibited lipid peroxidation at the dose of (19.72-1.972) x 10(-4) nmol/L, and induced lipid peroxidation at higher concentration.
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Yu Y, Okayasu R, Weil MM, Silver A, McCarthy M, Zabriskie R, Long S, Cox R, Ullrich RL. Elevated breast cancer risk in irradiated BALB/c mice associates with unique functional polymorphism of the Prkdc (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit) gene. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1820-4. [PMID: 11280730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Female BALB/c mice are unusually radiosensitive and more susceptible than C57BL/6 and other tested inbred mice to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced mammary tumors. This breast cancer susceptibility is correlated with elevated susceptibility for mammary cell transformation and genomic instability following irradiation. In this study, we report the identification of two BALB/c strain-specific polymorphisms in the coding region of Prkdc, the gene encoding the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, which is known to be involved in DNA double-stranded break repair and post-IR signal transduction. First, we identified an A --> G transition at base 11530 resulting in a Met --> Val conversion at codon 3844 (M3844V) in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase domain upstream of the scid mutation (Y4046X). Second, we identified a C --> T transition at base 6418 resulting in an Arg --> Cys conversion at codon 2140 (R2140C) downstream of the putative leucine zipper domain. This unique PrkdcBALB variant gene is shown to be associated with decreased DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit activity and with increased susceptibility to IR-induced genomic instability in primary mammary epithelial cells. The data provide the first evidence that naturally arising allelic variation in a mouse DNA damage response gene may associate with IR response and breast cancer risk.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Catalytic Domain/genetics
- Cricetinae
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA-Activated Protein Kinase
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mammary Glands, Animal/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/physiology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/radiation effects
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins
- Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Radiation Tolerance/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Liu K, Baseggio C, Wissoker D, Maxwell S, Haley J, Long S. Long-term care hospitals under Medicare: facility-level characteristics. HEALTH CARE FINANCING REVIEW 2001; 23:1-18. [PMID: 12500335 PMCID: PMC4194716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Though accounting for only a small percentage of total Medicare spending, long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) (defined as having an average length of stay [LOS] of 25 days or more) have been growing, in number and in Medicare expenditures, at a rapid rate in recent years. Because they have not been widely studied, we conducted research to describe the characteristics of this increasingly important Medicare provider type. We found that most LTCHs specialize in the provision of respiratory care or rehabilitation. Information from this study can help inform the development of a Medicare prospective payment system for LTCHs.
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114
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Feenstra R, Ronken E, Koopman T, de Vries M, McCreary A, Stoker M, van Charldorp K, Long S, van Scharrenburg G. SLV308. DRUG FUTURE 2001. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2001.026.02.608830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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115
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Long S, Bujac P, Woodcock D, Preston M, Rushton A, Cumming I. Engineering line diagram development from process flowsheets. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0950-4230(99)00076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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116
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Smith V, Fegan M, Pollard D, Long S, Hayden E, Ryan TP. Technetium-99 in the Irish marine environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2001; 56:269-84. [PMID: 11468819 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(00)00209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Technetium-99 activity concentrations in seawater and biota from Irish coastal waters are presented. Time series measurements of 99Tc in seawater and Fucus vesiculosus from the western Irish Sea show that activity concentrations have increased in line with the increase in discharges of 99Tc from Sellafield. The peak in activity concentrations in both seawater and Fucus vesiculosus occurred in 1997 approximately two years after the peak in 99Tc discharges. The highest activity concentration recorded in Fucus vesiculosus showed a 29-fold increase over the mean concentration for the period 1988-1993. Technetium-99 activity concentrations were measured in fish, lobsters, prawns, mussels and oysters landed at major fishing ports on the east and northeast coasts of Ireland between 1996 and 1998. Concentration factors for 99Tc in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and certain species of fish, crustaceans and molluscs from the Irish Sea were estimated. In general, these concentration factors were higher than those in the literature which were derived from laboratory studies, but agreed well with values which were based on field studies. The mean committed effective doses to Irish typical and heavy seafood consumers due to 99Tc in the period 1996-1998 were 0.061 and 0.24 microSv, respectively.
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117
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Long S, Salin ML. Archaeal promoter-directed expression of the Halobacterium salinarum catalase-peroxidase gene. Extremophiles 2000; 4:351-6. [PMID: 11139077 DOI: 10.1007/s007920070004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Halobacterium salinarum catalase-peroxidase gene was subcloned into shuttle vectors pWL102 and pWL202 and expressed under the control of different archaeal promoters. When Hbt. salinarum was transformed with the catalase-peroxidase gene under the control of its own promoter, catalase-peroxidase activity increased twofold. Catalase-peroxidase activity increased threefold when Hbt. salinarum was transformed with the catalase-peroxidase gene under the control of a tRNA promoter. This bifunctional enzyme in Hbt. salinarum was not induced by environmental stresses such as H2O2, intense light, darkness, high temperature, low temperature, redox inhibitors, heavy metals, or ions.
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118
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Schwarz T, Owen MR, Long S, Sullivan M. Vacuum disk and facet phenomenon in a dog with cauda equina syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217:862-4, 844. [PMID: 10997157 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old castrated male Rottweiler was evaluated for an 18-month history of bilateral hind limb lameness, signs of pain on rising, and mild ataxia. A gas-filled lumbosacral disk space (vacuum disk phenomenon) was revealed by use of computed tomography. Additional smaller gas bubbles were in the periphery of the disk and between the degenerated L5-L6 dorsal articular facets (vacuum facet phenomenon). Vacuum disk and facet phenomena have been described in humans with degenerative disk and vertebral articular facet joint disease; gas attracted from surrounding tissues accumulates within clefts of the degenerated disk or in unstable facet joints. Vacuum disk phenomenon has been reported in dogs and indicates degenerative disk disease. The phenomenon is more commonly observed by use of computed tomography, compared with conventional radiography, and can be elicited by hyperextension of the vertebral column.
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119
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Singhal S, Powles R, Treleaven J, Kulkarni S, Sirohi B, Horton C, Millar B, Shepherd V, Tait D, Saso R, Rowland A, Long S, Mehta J. A low CD34+ cell dose results in higher mortality and poorer survival after blood or marrow stem cell transplantation from HLA-identical siblings: should 2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg be considered the minimum threshold? Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 26:489-96. [PMID: 11019837 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of the CD34+ cell dose on transplant-related mortality (TRM) and survival in 39 patients randomized to receive lenograstim-mobilized PBSCT (n = 20) or BMT (n = 19) from HLA-identical siblings. Both marrow and blood were harvested, and one infused in a double-blind fashion. The median nucleated (7.0 vs 3.2 x 10(8)/kg; P < 0.0001), CD34+ (3.7 vs 1.5 x 10(6)/kg; P = 0.002), CFU-GM (42 vs 19 x 10(4)/kg; P = 0.002), and CD3+ (1.9 vs 0.3 x 10(8)/kg; P < 0.0001) cell doses with PBSCT were higher. Thirteen patients (6 BMT and 7 PBSCT) experienced TRM at 15-733 days (median 57); 10 of 20 receiving <2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg compared with three of 19 receiving > or =2. Eight of 20 patients receiving <2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg are alive compared with 14 of 19 receiving > or =2. In Cox analysis, CD34+ cell dose > or =2 x 10(6)/kg was associated with lower TRM (RR 0.2, P = 0.01), and higher overall (RR 3.7, P = 0.01) and event-free (RR 3.2, P = 0.02) survival. Other cell populations and the source of stem cells did not affect TRM or survival. We conclude that 2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg may be the ideal minimum cell dose for allogeneic transplantation although lower doses do not preclude successful therapy. Since the likelihood of obtaining this threshold CD34+ cell number is significantly greater from blood than marrow, PBSCT may be preferable to marrow for allografts from HLA-identical siblings.
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Hu C, Wu L, Wu DZ, Long S. A comparative evaluation of Humphrey perimetry and the multi-channel pattern visual evoked potentials. YAN KE XUE BAO = EYE SCIENCE 2000; 16:168-71. [PMID: 12579641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES To compare the multi-channel pattern visual evoked potentials to Humphrey perimetry in the assessment of central visual function in primary open angle glaucoma. METHODS The multi-channel checkerboard reversal PVEPs waves to full-field and half-field stimulus of 25 normal persons and 74 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were recorded and analyzed, All patients were examined using Humphrey Field Analyzer. The area of visual field corresponding to the area of retina stimulated during multi-channel PVEPs testing were analysed, straight-line correlation and regression analyses of the various multi-channel PVEPs parameters and the total dB losses were performed. RESULTS The multi-channel PVEPs demonstrated a low detection rate compared with Humphrey perimetry in the early glaucoma, absolute latency and field loss were correlated in the late stage of glaucoma, and absolute amplitude and field loss were not correlated. CONCLUSIONS In relation to signalling "early" loss the multi-channel PVEPs was inferior to Humphrey perimetry, in late loss of primary open angle glaucoma, multi-channel PVEPs can provide a valuable, objective complement to Humphrey perimetry.
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121
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Lin S, Long S, Ramirez SM, Cotter RJ, Woods AS. Characterization of the "helix clamp" motif of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using MALDI-TOF MS and surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chem 2000; 72:2635-40. [PMID: 10857647 DOI: 10.1021/ac991429f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A helix-turn-helix motif in the crystal structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) was proposed to be a conserved nucleic acid binding domain among several nucleotide polymerizing enzymes (Hermann, T.; Meier, T.; Götte, M.; Heumann, H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 4625-4633). The sequence of this domain is homologous to 259KLVGKL-(X)16KLLR284 of HIV-1 RT, which acts as a "helix clamp" grasping the template-primer (T-P) complex. We characterized the helix clamp motif using MALDI-TOF MS and surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore). Our studies showed that the "helix clamp" has a nucleic acid binding function that may not be sequence specific. This evidence suggests that ionic interactions between the helix clamp and oligonucleotide backbone are not solely responsible for binding. Secondary and tertiary structures of the protein may also play a significant role in nucleic acid binding. The association and dissociation constants, ka and kd, for the binding of single-stranded oligonucleotide to the helix clamp were determined to be 7.03 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) and 1.22 x 10(3) s(-1), respectively.
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122
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Powles R, Mehta J, Kulkarni S, Treleaven J, Millar B, Marsden J, Shepherd V, Rowland A, Sirohi B, Tait D, Horton C, Long S, Singhal S. Allogeneic blood and bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation in haematological malignant diseases: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 355:1231-7. [PMID: 10770306 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous transplantation with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) results in faster haematopoietic-cell repopulation than with bone marrow. We prospectively compared bone marrow and PBSC for allogeneic transplantation. METHODS Adult HLA-identical sibling donors provided bone marrow and lenograstim-mobilised PBSC. 39 patients with malignant haematological disorders were infused with either bone marrow (n=19) or PBSC (n=20) after standard conditioning regimens in a double-blind, randomised fashion. The identity of the infused products for all patients remained masked until 1 year after the last patient had received transplantation. FINDINGS The PBSC group had significantly faster neutrophil recovery to 0.5x10(9)/L (median 17.5 vs 23 days, p=0.002), and platelet recovery to 20x10(9)/L (median 11 vs 18 days, p<0.0001) and to 50x10(9)/L (median 20.5 vs 27 days, p=0.02) than the bone-marrow group. PBSC patients were discharged from hospital earlier than were bone-marrow patients (median 26 vs 31 days, p=0.01). At 4 weeks after transplantation, absolute lymphocytes (0.48 vs 0.63, p=0.08) and CD25 cells (0.04 vs 0.08, p=0.007) were higher in the PBSC group, and the proportion of patients with absolute lymphopenia (74% vs 33%, p=0.03) and CD4 lymphopenia (59% vs 24%, p=0.05) was significantly higher in the bone-marrow group. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease and overall survival. The probability of relapse was significantly higher in the bone-marrow group than in the PBSC group (p=0.01); all five relapses occurred among bone-marrow recipients. INTERPRETATION Our small study indicates that PBSCs are better than bone marrow for allogeneic transplantation from HLA-identical siblings in terms of faster haematopoietic and immune recovery, and have the potential to reduce disease recurrence.
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Singhal S, Powles R, Kulkarni S, Treleaven J, Sirohi B, Millar B, Shepherd V, Saso R, Rowland A, Long S, Cabral S, Horton C, Mehta J. Comparison of marrow and blood cell yields from the same donors in a double-blind, randomized study of allogeneic marrow vs blood stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:501-5. [PMID: 10713626 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Forty healthy adult donors underwent marrow (BM) as well as peripheral blood (PBSC) stem cell collections for their HLA-identical adult siblings with hematologic malignancies. BM was harvested on day 1 (target 3 x 108 nucleated cells/kg, 10 microg/kg lenograstim (glycosylated G-CSF) administered on days 2-6, and a single leukapheresis performed on day 6. The blood volume processed was the higher of 200% donor blood volume or 10 liters. The total nucleated cell (TNC) yields from PBSC were 1.1- to 4.3-fold higher than BM (median 7.0 vs 3.1 x 10(8)/kg, P < 0.0001). Although BM contained a higher proportion of CD34+cells (1.3% vs 0.7%, P < 0. 0001) and a comparable proportion of CD3+ cells (median 29% vs 26%, P = 0.4), the absolute numbers of CD34+ and CD3+ cells and their subsets were several times higher in PBSC. There was a poor correlation between BM and PBSC CD34 and TNC numbers, but a significant correlation between BM and PBSC CD3 numbers. Only five of 40 BM harvests contained >/=2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg compared with 35 of 40 PBSC harvests (P < 0.0001). We conclude that the numbers of progenitor and immunocompetent cells in PBSC are several times higher than in BM. It is possible to collect adequate numbers of progenitor cells from blood after lenograstim stimulation more frequently than from marrow, and donors yielding low quantities of progenitor cells from BM usually deliver better quantities from PBSC. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 501-505.
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Lechniak D, Long S, Nissen A, Bailey M. The size of pig embryos is not influenced by their
sex by day-10 after insemination. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2000. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/68034/2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Williams SO, Long S, Allen J, Wells ML. Scale-up of an oil/water cream containing 40% diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000; 26:71-7. [PMID: 10677812 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to scale up an oil/water (o/w) cream formulation containing 40% diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME), developed via 300-g laboratory batches in a 2(5-2) fractional factorial design, to 7-kg batch sizes in a Brogli-10 homogenizer. The o/w cream was manufactured via a standard phase-inversion process in the Brogli-10 homogenizer. Partitioning studies of DGME were conducted in test tubes at ambient temperature and after 24 hr at 70 degrees C in a convection oven. Phase height was measured by vernier calipers. Microscopy studies of excipients with and without treatment with water or a DGME/water mixture were conducted with a Nikon microscope after equilibration at 35 degrees C for 24 hr. During creation of the 7-kg pilot-scale batches, congealed material was observed between the sweep agitation blade and the discharge port, where the Brogli-10 homogenizer is not temperature jacketed. Factors that increased the amount of congealed material were higher temperatures during primary emulsification and longer cooling times. Partitioning studies revealed that DGME resides in the aqueous external phase of this formulation. Microscopy studies revealed that DGME in the external phase of this cream has a profound impact on the solubility of certain solid, waxy excipients (e.g., cetyl alcohol and polyoxyethylene-2-stearyl ether) at 35 degrees C. From this study, it appears that DGME resides in the external phase of the o/w cream. During manufacturing, it is hypothesized that the presence of DGME in the external phase alters the solubility of certain solid, waxy excipients in the formula such that they no longer primarily reside in the internal oil phase. On cooling, these materials precipitate or congeal in the external phase. The fractional factorial experimental design at the 300-g laboratory scale did not predict the issues encountered during scale-up. Differences between laboratory scale and pilot plant scale that explain why this phenomenon was not seen during laboratory scale are differences in cooling times, nonjacketed or "cold spots" in the Brogli-10 homogenizer, and a low proportion of congealed material in relation to the total batch size (< 1.5%).
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