Radiological and clinical comparison of kinematically versus mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty

AIMS

The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative radiographic and clinical outcomes between kinematically and mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasties (TKAs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 60 TKAs (30 kinematically and 30 mechanically aligned) were performed in 60 patients with varus osteoarthritis of the knee using a navigation system. The angles of orientation of the joint line in relation to the floor, the conventional and true mechanical axis (tMA) (the line from the centre of the hip to the lowest point of the calcaneus) were compared, one year post-operatively, on single-leg and double-leg standing long leg radiographs between the groups. The range of movement and 2011 Knee Society Scores were also compared between the groups at that time.

RESULTS

The angles of orientation of the joint line in the kinematic group changed from slight varus on double-leg standing to slight valgus with single-leg standing. The mechanical axes in the kinematic group passed through a neutral position of the knee in the true condition when the calcaneus was considered. The post-operative angles of flexion and functional activity scores were significantly better in the kinematic than in the mechanical group (p < 0.003 and 0.03, respectively).

CONCLUSION

A kinematically aligned TKA results in a joint line which has a more parallel orientation in relation to the floor during single- and double-leg standing, and more neutral weight-bearing in tMA than a mechanically aligned TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:640-6.

Energy dependence of forward-rapidity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production in pp collisions at the LHC

We present results on transverse momentum ([Formula: see text]) and rapidity ([Formula: see text]) differential production cross sections, mean transverse momentum and mean transverse momentum square of inclusive [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at forward rapidity ([Formula: see text]) as well as [Formula: see text]-to-[Formula: see text] cross section ratios. These quantities are measured in pp collisions at center of mass energies [Formula: see text] and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. Both charmonium states are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel, using the muon spectrometer. A comprehensive comparison to inclusive charmonium cross sections measured at [Formula: see text], 7 and 8 TeV is performed. A comparison to non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics and fixed-order next-to-leading logarithm calculations, which describe prompt and non-prompt charmonium production respectively, is also presented. A good description of the data is obtained over the full [Formula: see text] range, provided that both contributions are summed. In particular, it is found that for [Formula: see text] GeV/c the non-prompt contribution reaches up to 50% of the total charmonium yield.

Production of Σ(1385)± and Ξ(1530)0 in p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum distributions of the strange and double-strange hyperon resonances (Σ ( 1385 ) ± , Ξ ( 1530 ) 0 ) produced in p-Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV were measured in the rapidity range - 0.5 < y CMS < 0 for event classes corresponding to different charged-particle multiplicity densities, ⟨ dN ch /dη lab ⟩ . The mean transverse momentum values are presented as a function of ⟨ dN ch /dη lab ⟩ , as well as a function of the particle masses and compared with previous results on hyperon production. The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons are constant as a function of ⟨ dN ch /dη lab ⟩ . The equivalent ratios to pions exhibit an increase with ⟨ dN ch /dη lab ⟩ , depending on their strangeness content.

Production of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons up to high transverse momentum in pp collisions at 2.76 TeV

The invariant differential cross sections for inclusive [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons at midrapidity were measured in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV for transverse momenta [Formula: see text] GeV/c and [Formula: see text] GeV/c, respectively, using the ALICE detector. This large range in [Formula: see text] was achieved by combining various analysis techniques and different triggers involving the electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal). In particular, a new single-cluster, shower-shape based method was developed for the identification of high-[Formula: see text] neutral pions, which exploits that the showers originating from their decay photons overlap in the EMCal. Above 4 GeV/[Formula: see text], the measured cross sections are found to exhibit a similar power-law behavior with an exponent of about 6.3. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations differ from the measured cross sections by about 30% for the [Formula: see text], and between 30-50% for the [Formula: see text] meson, while generator-level simulations with PYTHIA 8.2 describe the data to better than 10-30%, except at [Formula: see text] GeV/[Formula: see text]. The new data can therefore be used to further improve the theoretical description of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] meson production.

Flow Dominance and Factorization of Transverse Momentum Correlations in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

We present the first measurement of the two-particle transverse momentum differential correlation function, P_{2}≡⟨Δp_{T}Δp_{T}⟩/⟨p_{T}⟩^{2}, in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76  TeV. Results for P_{2} are reported as a function of the relative pseudorapidity (Δη) and azimuthal angle (Δφ) between two particles for different collision centralities. The Δϕ dependence is found to be largely independent of Δη for |Δη|≥0.9. In the 5% most central Pb-Pb collisions, the two-particle transverse momentum correlation function exhibits a clear double-hump structure around Δφ=π (i.e., on the away side), which is not observed in number correlations in the same centrality range, and thus provides an indication of the dominance of triangular flow in this collision centrality. Fourier decompositions of P_{2}, studied as a function of the collision centrality, show that correlations at |Δη|≥0.9 can be well reproduced by a flow ansatz based on the notion that measured transverse momentum correlations are strictly determined by the collective motion of the system.

Measurement of azimuthal correlations of D mesons with charged particles in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV and p-Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV

The azimuthal correlations of D mesons with charged particles were measured with the ALICE apparatus in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] and p-Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] at the Large Hadron Collider. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] mesons and their charge conjugates with transverse momentum [Formula: see text] and rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass system [Formula: see text] (pp collisions) and [Formula: see text] (p-Pb collisions) were correlated to charged particles with [Formula: see text]. The yield of charged particles in the correlation peak induced by the jet containing the D meson and the peak width are compatible within uncertainties in the two collision systems. The data are described within uncertainties by Monte-Carlo simulations based on PYTHIA, POWHEG, and EPOS 3 event generators.

Noninvasive Evaluation of CBF and Perfusion Delay of Moyamoya Disease Using Arterial Spin-Labeling MRI with Multiple Postlabeling Delays: Comparison with 15O-Gas PET and DSC-MRI

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Arterial spin-labeling MR imaging with multiple postlabeling delays has a potential to evaluate various hemodynamic parameters. To clarify whether arterial spin-labeling MR imaging can identify CBF and perfusion delay in patients with Moyamoya disease, we compared arterial spin-labeling, DSC, and ¹⁵O-gas PET in terms of their ability to identify these parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighteen patients with Moyamoya disease (5 men, 13 women; ages, 21-55 years) were retrospectively analyzed. CBF values of pulsed continuous arterial spin-labeling using 2 postlabeling delays (short arterial spin-labeling, 1525 ms; delayed arterial spin-labeling, 2525 ms) were compared with CBF values measured by ¹⁵O-gas PET. All plots were divided into 2 groups by the cutoff of time-based parameters (the time of the maximum observed concentration, TTP, MTT, delay of MTT to cerebellum, and disease severity [symptomatic or not]). The ratio of 2 arterial spin-labeling CBFs (delayed arterial spin-labeling CBF to short arterial spin-labeling CBF) was compared with time-based parameters: time of the maximum observed concentration, TTP, and MTT.

RESULTS

The short arterial spin-labeling-CBF values were significantly correlated with the PET-CBF values (r = 0.63; P = .01). However, the short arterial spin-labeling-CBF value dropped in the regions with severe perfusion delay. The delayed arterial spin-labeling CBF overestimated PET-CBF regardless of the degree of perfusion delay. Delayed arterial spin-labeling CBF/short arterial spin-labeling CBF was well correlated with the time of the maximum observed concentration, TTP, and MTT (ρ = 0.71, 0.64, and 0.47, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Arterial spin-labeling using 2 postlabeling delays may detect PET-measured true CBF and perfusion delay in patients with Moyamoya disease. Provided its theoretic basis and limitations are considered, noninvasive arterial spin-labeling could be a useful alternative for evaluating the hemodynamics of Moyamoya disease.

Linear Four-Chalcogen Interactions in Radical Cationic and Dicationic Dimers of 1,5-(Dichalcogena)canes: Nature of the Interactions Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis with QC Calculations

The dynamic and static nature of extended hypervalent interactions of the ^BE···^AE···^AE···^BE type are elucidated for four center-seven electron interactions (4c-7e) in the radical cationic dimers (1·⁺) and 4c-6e in the dicationic dimers (1²⁺) of 1,5-(dichalcogena)canes (2: ^AE(CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂^BE: ^AE, ^BE = S, Se, Te, and O). The quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) is applied for the analysis. Total electron energy densities H_b(r_c) are plotted versus H_b(r_c) - V_b(r_c)/2 [= (ℏ²/8m)∇²ρ_b(r_c)] at bond critical points (BCPs) of the interactions, where V_b(r_c) values show potential energy densities at BCPs. Data from the fully optimized structures correspond to the static nature of the interactions. Those from the perturbed structures around the fully optimized ones are also plotted, in addition to those of the fully optimized ones, which represent the dynamic nature of interactions. The ^BE···^AE-^AE···^BE interactions in 1²⁺ are stronger than the corresponding ones in 1·⁺, respectively. On the one hand, for 1²⁺ with ^AE, ^BE = S, Se, and Te, ^AE···^AE are all classified by the shared shell interactions and predicted to have the weak covalent nature, except for those in 1a²⁺ (^AE = ^BE = S) and 1d²⁺ (^AE = ^BE = Se), which have the nature of regular closed shell (r-CS)/trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through charge transfer (CT-TBP). On the other hand, ^AE···^BE are predicted to have the nature of r-CS/molecular complex formation through charge transfer for 1a²⁺, 1b²⁺ (^AE = Se; ^BE = S), and 1d²⁺ or r-CS/CT-TBP for 1c²⁺ (^AE = Te; ^BE = S), 1e²⁺ (^AE = Te; ^BE = Se), and 1f²⁺ (^AE = ^BE = Te). The ^BE···^AE-^AE···^BE interactions in 1·⁺ and 1²⁺ are well-analyzed by applying QTAIM-DFA.

Nature ofE2X2σ(4c–6e) of theX---E—E---Xtype at naphthalene 1,8-positions and model, elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis and QC calculations with the QTAIM approach

The nature ofE2X2σ(4c–6e) of theX-*-E-*-E-*-Xtype is elucidated for 1-(8-XC10H6)E–E(C10H6X-8′)-1′ [(1)E,X= S, Cl; (2) S, Br; (3) Se, Cl; (4) Se, Br] after structural determination of (1), (3) and (4), together with modelA[MeX---E(H)—E(H)---XMe (E= S and Se;X= Cl and Br)]. The quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) is applied. The total electron energy densitiesHb(rc) are plottedversus Hb(rc) –Vb(rc)/2 for the interactions at the bond critical points (BCPs; *), whereVb(rc) show the potential energy densities at the BCPs. Data for the perturbed structures around the fully optimized structures are employed for the plots, in addition to those of the fully optimized structures. The plots were analysed using the polar coordinate (R, θ) representation of the data of the fully optimized structures. Data containing the perturbed structures were analysed by (θp, κp), where θpcorresponds to the tangent line of the plot and κpis the curvature. Whereas (R, θ) shows the static nature, (θp, κp) represents the dynamic nature of interactions.E-*-Eare all classified as shared shell (S) interactions for (1)–(4) and as weak covalent (Cov-w) in nature (S/Cov-w). The nature ofpureCS (closed shell)/typical-HB (hydrogen bond) with no covalency is predicted forE-*-Xin (1) and (3),regularCS/typical-HB nature with covalency is predicted for (4), and an intermediate nature is predicted for (2). The NBO energies evaluated forE-*-Xin (1)–(4) are substantially larger than those in modelAdue the shortened length at the naphthalene 1,8-positions. The nature ofE2X2of σ(4c–6e) is well elucidatedviaQTAIM-DFA.

Geosmin-producing Species of Coelosphaerium (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) in Lake Shinji, Japan

In Lake Shinji, Japan, periodic outbreaks of musty odour have occurred since mid-May 2007. Although the substance responsible for the odour was identified as geosmin, the odour-producing organism was unknown. We cultivated an axenic unialgal strain and determined that a species of Coelosphaerium (Synechococcales) was responsible for the production of geosmin in Lake Shinji. Our analysis was conducted using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine the odorous compound. To determine the algae species, it was observed by optical microscopy to describe its morphological characteristics and the polymerase chain reaction was used to characterise the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region. In addition, we explored the relationship between the number of cells of the Coelosphaerium sp. and the concentration of geosmin. In conclusion, geosmin, the cause of the musty odour in Lake Shinji in autumn 2009, was produced by Coelosphaerium sp., and to our knowledge, this is the first report of a geosmin-producing species in the family Coelosphaeriaceae.

Behavior of interactions between hydrogen chalcogenides and an anthracene π-system elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis with QC calculations

The nature of the interactions between chalcogenides and the anthracene p-system, EH₂-*-p(C₁₄H₁₀), is predicted to be close to that of EH₂-*-p(C₁₀H₈), although the partial structures around the central rings can be found in EH₂-*-p(C₆H₆).

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root extracts produced using artificial hydroponic and artificial hydroponic-field hybrid cultivation systems

Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots used in this study were produced using novel cultivation systems, including artificial hydroponics and artificial hydroponic-field hybrid cultivation. The equivalency between G. uralensis root extracts produced by hydroponics and/or hybrid cultivation and a commercial Glycyrrhiza crude drug were evaluated for both safety and efficacy, and there were no significant differences in terms of mutagenicity on the Ames tests. The levels of cadmium and mercury in both hydroponic roots and crude drugs were less than the limit of quantitation. Arsenic levels were lower in all hydroponic roots than in the crude drug, whereas mean lead levels in the crude drug were not significantly different from those in the hydroponically cultivated G. uralensis roots. Both hydroponic and hybrid-cultivated root extracts showed antiallergic activities against contact hypersensitivity that were similar to those of the crude drug extracts. These study results suggest that hydroponic and hybrid-cultivated roots are equivalent in safety and efficacy to those of commercial crude drugs. Further studies are necessary before the roots are applicable as replacements for the currently available commercial crude drugs produced from wild plant resources.

Development of fast neutron pinhole camera using nuclear emulsion for neutron emission profile measurement in KSTAR

We have developed a compact fast neutron camera based on a stack of nuclear emulsion plates and a pinhole collimator. The camera was installed at J-port of Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research at National Fusion Research Institute, Republic of Korea. Fast neutron images agreed better with calculated ones based on Monte Carlo neutron simulation using the uniform distribution of Deuterium-Deuterium (DD) neutron source in a torus of 40 cm radius.

Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV

We report the measurements of correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of amplitudes of anisotropic flow harmonics in nucleus-nucleus collisions, obtained for the first time using a new analysis method based on multiparticle cumulants in mixed harmonics. This novel method is robust against systematic biases originating from nonflow effects and by construction any dependence on symmetry planes is eliminated. We demonstrate that correlations of flow harmonics exhibit a better sensitivity to medium properties than the individual flow harmonics. The new measurements are performed in Pb-Pb collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76  TeV by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The centrality dependence of correlation between event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic v_{2} and quadrangular v_{4} flow harmonics, as well as of anticorrelation between v_{2} and triangular v_{3} flow harmonics are presented. The results cover two different regimes of the initial state configurations: geometry dominated (in midcentral collisions) and fluctuation dominated (in the most central collisions). Comparisons are made to predictions from Monte Carlo Glauber, viscous hydrodynamics, ampt, and hijing models. Together with the existing measurements of the individual flow harmonics the presented results provide further constraints on the initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions.

High Moisture Permeability Polyurethane for Textile Applications

A polyurethane having both a high permeable property at warm tem peratures and a thermal insulate property at cold temperatures was developed with significantly different levels of permeability within a narrow temperature range. The development was made in order to achieve a breathable, waterproof sportswear material that would react to variations in temperature and ultimately provide a higher level of comfort.

Light-tunable Fano resonance in metal-dielectric multilayer structures

High-Q optical Fano resonances realized in a variety of plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials are very much promising for the development of new potent photonic devices, such as optical sensors and switches. One of the key issues in the development is to establish ways to effectively modulate the Fano resonance by external perturbations. Dynamic tuning of the Fano resonance applying the mechanical stress and electric fields has already been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate another way of tuning, i.e., photo-tuning of the Fano resonance. We use a simple metal-dielectric multilayer structure that exhibits a sharp Fano resonance originating from coupling between a surface plasmon polariton mode and a planar waveguide mode. Using a dielectric waveguide doped with azo dye molecules that undergo photoisomerization, we succeeded in shifting the Fano resonance thorough photo-modulation of the propagation constant of the waveguide mode. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of photo-tuning of the Fano resonance and opens a new avenue towards potential applications of the Fano resonance.