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Sim RJ, McDonald S, Gillett S. Efficacy of Gyrus diego microdissector at varying oscillation speeds. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2007; 122:388-90. [PMID: 17352844 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215107006512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of the Gyrus diego microdissector at increasing oscillation speeds, using an in vitro tissue model. BACKGROUND It had not previously been established whether microdissectors were more efficient at higher or lower speeds. METHODS We investigated the effect of varying microdissector oscillation speeds on the weight of material aspirated in a given time. A 4 mm straight blade was used with constant suction strength. Jelly and liver were used to simulate polyps and muscle plus connective tissue, respectively. Water was used as a control. Repeat readings were taken at speeds of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 rpm. Data were analysed using linear bivariate regression. RESULTS The results showed significant linear trends in the cases of liver and jelly, with faster cutter speeds being associated with higher aspiration rates. CONCLUSION These results suggest that microdissector efficacy increases with speed, up to 5000 rpm.
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McDonald S, Knight M. An RCT of adrenaline in the control of intraoperative adenoidectomy bleeding. Clin Otolaryngol 2007; 32:68; author reply 68. [PMID: 17298321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2007.01346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McDonald S, Slater J, Garth R. A randomised controlled trial comparing rapid rhino with netcell packs after routine nasal surgery. Clin Otolaryngol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01236_9.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McDonald S. Longitudinal Research on Family Structure Effects: Important Methodological Issues. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s69-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Davis SJ, McDonald S. Covering ENT out of hours: how confident are senior house officers? The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2006; 120:587-90. [PMID: 16672087 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215106001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: The implementation of the European working time directive has led to an increase in cross-speciality out-of-hours cover. This survey illustrates ENT out-of-hours cover arrangements and assesses the implications for senior house officers (SHOs) responsible for managing emergencies.Methods: A telephone survey of 100 ENT departments was conducted, asking the on-call SHO about departmental structure, on-call rota design, their previous ENT experience, access to SHO training and their confidence in managing emergencies.Results: 44 per cent of departments used only ENT SHOs on the on-call rota. 73 per cent always had an ENT middle grade on call. In 60 per cent of hospitals, the ENT consultant was sometimes on call with only a non-ENT SHO. At the time of the study, 5 per cent of SHOs had no ENT experience, no access to training, were not confident in managing simple emergencies and were on-call without middle-grade cover.Conclusion: The current junior on-call structure for ENT has implications for patient management.
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Hopewell S, McDonald S, Clarke M, Egger M. Grey literature in meta-analyses of randomized trials of health care interventions. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.mr000010.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Purcell R, Yu C, McDonald S, Emerson S. P.430 Comparative pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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McDonald S, Mylvaganam S, Shenderovich M, Tseitin V, Fisher C, Raghunathan G, Zheng J, Kodandapani R, Dudek M, Muthuchi-dambaram Prabhakaran BSP, Ramnarayan K. Protein Structure Prediction Using an Augmented Homology Modeling Method: Key Importance of Iterative-Procedures for Obtaining Consistent Quality Models. CURR PROTEOMICS 2005. [DOI: 10.2174/157016405774641156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McDonald S, Maguire G, Duarte N, Wang XL, Hoy W. Homocysteine, renal disease and cardiovascular disease in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. Intern Med J 2005; 35:289-94. [PMID: 15845111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0903.2005.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of renal and cardiovascular disease are high among Aboriginal Australians living in remote communities. Nutritional problems, in particular low folate levels, are also common. This suggests that increased homocysteine concentrations might be widespread, and a possible contributor to the high rates of cardiovascular disease. AIMS To examine homocysteine concentrations, and their relationships to folate levels, and to markers of renal disease and cardiovascular disease in a remote Aboriginal Australian community METHODS As part of a cross-sectional survey among adults in one community, homocysteine concentrations, concentrations of the crucial determinants (red blood cell (RBC) folate, vitamin B(12) and the C677T methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism) and cardiovascular risk factors were examined. RESULTS Among 221 people, geometric mean homocysteine concentration was 11.8 micromol/L (range: 11.1-12.5 micromol/L), with 57/221 (26%) values > or =15.0 micromol/L. Higher concentrations were associated with older age, male gender, lower RBC folate and lower vitamin B(12) concentrations and homozygosity for C677T. Homocysteine concentrations were not related to the presence of albuminuria, other than over the overt albuminuria range. Homocysteine concentrations were inversely correlated with calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Carotid intima-media thickness, however, was not related to homocysteine concentration. In multivariate analyses, age, male gender, lower RBC folate concentrations, lower vitamin B(12) concentrations, lower calculated GFR and the C677T polymorphism were all associated with homocysteine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Homocysteine concentrations were consistent with previous limited reports in Aboriginal communities. Although superficially they are similar to reports from non-Aboriginal settings, the younger age of this cohort and the association of homocysteine concentrations with age suggest that age-specific concentrations are higher among Aboriginal Australians. In addition to dietary determinants, the high prevalence of apparently reduced renal function renal disease appears to be an important determinant of homocysteine concentrations in remote Aboriginal communities. The role of homocysteine concentrations as a potential mediator of the high rates of cardiovascular disease remains to be determined.
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Nefkens BMK, Prakhov S, Gårdestig A, Allgower CE, Bekrenev V, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Comfort JR, Craig K, Grosnick D, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke D, Koulbardis A, Kozlenko N, Kruglov S, Lolos G, Lopatin I, Manley DM, Manweiler R, Marusić A, McDonald S, Olmsted J, Papandreou Z, Peaslee D, Phaisangittisakul N, Price JW, Ramirez AF, Sadler M, Shafi A, Spinka H, Stanislaus TDS, Starostin A, Staudenmaier HM, Supek I, Tippens WB. Test of charge conjugation invariance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:041601. [PMID: 15783546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.041601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first determination of upper limits on the branching ratio (BR) of eta decay to pi0pi0gamma and to pi0pi0pi0gamma. Both decay modes are strictly forbidden by charge conjugation (C) invariance. Using the Crystal Ball multiphoton detector, we obtained BR(eta-->pi0pi0gamma)<5 x 10(-4) at the 90% confidence level, in support of C invariance of isoscalar electromagnetic interactions of the light quarks. We have also measured BR(eta-->pi0pi0pi0gamma)<6 x 10(-5) at the 90% confidence level, in support of C invariance of isovector electromagnetic interactions.
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Stainer R, Matthews S, Arshad SH, McDonald S, Robinson J, Schapira C, Foote KD, Baird-Snell M, Gregory T, Pollock I, Stevens MT, Edwards AM. Efficacy and acceptability of a new topical skin lotion of sodium cromoglicate (Altoderm) in atopic dermatitis in children aged 2-12 years: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:334-41. [PMID: 15727648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory allergic disease of children. The primary anti-inflammatory therapy is topical steroids. An effective treatment without the topical and systemic adverse effects of corticosteroids would be useful. Topical formulations of sodium cromoglicate have been researched in the past, but without consistent results. We report a trial of a new aqueous skin lotion of sodium cromoglicate (Altoderm) in children with AD. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy, safety and acceptability of Altoderm lotion with a placebo control in the treatment of AD in children. METHODS A double-blind, controlled study in which children aged 2-12 years with AD were randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with a lotion containing 4% sodium cromoglicate (Altoderm) or the lotion base. To be included subjects had to have a SCORAD score of > or = 25 and < or = 60 at both of two clinic visits 14 days apart. Subjects continued using existing treatment which included emollients and topical steroids. The primary outcome was the change in the SCORAD score. The two groups were compared for the change in the SCORAD score from the second baseline visit to the visit after 12 weeks of treatment using an analysis of variance. Secondary outcome measures included parents' assessment of symptoms, usage of topical steroids recorded on daily diary cards, and final opinions of treatment by parent and clinician. Parents were asked about adverse effects at each clinic visit and the responses recorded. RESULTS Fifty-eight children were randomized to Altoderm and 56 to placebo and all were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The mean +/- SD SCORAD scores at baseline were 41.0 +/- 9.0 (Altoderm) and 40.4 +/- 8.73 (placebo). These scores were reduced after 12 weeks by 13.2 (36%) with Altoderm and by 7.6 (20%) with placebo. The difference of 5.6 (95% confidence interval 1.0-10.3) is statistically significant (P = 0.018). Diary card symptoms improved with both treatments but the improvement was greater in the Altoderm-treated patients. Topical steroid usage was reduced in both groups and was larger in the Altoderm-treated patients. The differences were statistically significant for the mean of all symptoms, the overall skin condition and use of topical steroids. Those for itching and sleep loss were not. Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 11 subjects (Altoderm seven, placebo four). Most of these referred to irritation, redness and burning at the site of application. There were four reports of erythema and pruritus (Altoderm three, placebo one), and three reports of application site burning (Altoderm two, placebo one). None was reported as severe or very severe. CONCLUSIONS These results show a clinically useful benefit of this sodium cromoglicate lotion in children with moderately severe AD.
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Sansone RA, McDonald S, Hanley P, Sellbom M, Gaither GA. The stipulations of one institutional review board: a five year review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2004; 30:308-310. [PMID: 15173369 PMCID: PMC1733854 DOI: 10.1136/jme.2002.002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to explore the prevalence and types of stipulations (such as clarifications or changes) required of investigators by the institutional review board (IRB) of one institution over a five year period. DESIGN Stipulations to research proposals (n = 124) were documented from the minutes of the IRB meetings. SETTING Community hospital. PARTICIPANTS IRB submissions. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Number and type of IRB stipulations. RESULTS Nineteen research submissions (15.3%) were approved without any stipulations. For the remainder, the majority of stipulations related to consent forms (74.2%). CONCLUSIONS Consent forms appear to be at highest risk for IRB stipulations. Being aware of high risk areas before submission of research proposals may reduce the frequency of stipulations required of investigators.
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Langton Hewer CD, McDonald S, Nunez DA. Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure which can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances postoperative outcomes. OBJECTIVES To determine whether preoperative education improves postoperative outcomes (anxiety, pain, mobility, length of stay and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis) in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library issue 2, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to April 2003), EMBASE (1980 to June 2002), CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro until May 2003. We handsearched the Australian Journal of Physiotherapy (1954 to 2001) and reviewed the reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of preoperative education (verbal, written or audiovisual) delivered by a health professional within six weeks of surgery to patients undergoing hip or knee replacement. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. Continuous outcomes were combined using weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS Nine studies involving 782 participants met the inclusion criteria. Four studies involving 365 participants assessed length of hospital stay (days) but detected no significant difference between preoperative education and usual care (WMD -0.97; 95% CI -2.67 to 0.73). However, one study of 133 participants with more complex needs, indicated that individually tailored programmes of education and support were beneficial in reducing length of stay. The four studies reporting length of stay did not find any significant effect of preoperative education on days to standing and days to climb stairs. Three trials found preoperative education was beneficial in reducing preoperative anxiety (WMD -5.64; -7.45 to -3.82) on a scale of 0 to 100. No significant effect on postoperative anxiety was detected either on the day following surgery, or at discharge. None of the five studies reporting postoperative pain detected any difference between the groups. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence to support the use of pre-operative education over and above standard care to improve postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery, especially with respect to pain, functioning and length of hospital stay. There is evidence that preoperative education has a modest beneficial effect on preoperative anxiety. There may also be beneficial effects when preoperative education is tailored according to anxiety, or targeted at those most in need of support (e.g. those who are particularly disabled, or have limited social support structures).
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McDonald S, Abbott JM, Higgins SP. Prophylactic ergometrine-oxytocin versus oxytocin for the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 2004:CD000201. [PMID: 14973949 PMCID: PMC6491201 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000201.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The routine prophylactic administration of an uterotonic agent is an integral part of active management of the third stage of labour, helping to prevent postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). The two most widely used uterotonic agents are: ergometrine-oxytocin (Syntometrine) (a combination of oxytocin 5 international units (iu) and ergometrine 0.5 mg) and oxytocin (Syntocinon). OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of ergometrine-oxytocin with oxytocin in reducing the risk of PPH (blood loss of at least 500 ml) and other maternal and neonatal outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (May 2003). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing ergometrine-oxytocin use with oxytocin use in women having the third stage of labour managed actively. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently assessed trial eligibility and quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Six trials were included (9332 women). Compared with oxytocin, ergometrine-oxytocin was associated with a small reduction in the risk of PPH using the definition of PPH of blood loss of at least 500 ml (odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.95). This advantage was found for both a dose of 5 iu oxytocin and a dose of 10 iu oxytocin, but was greater for the lower dose. There was no difference detected between the groups using either 5 or 10 iu for the stricter definition of PPH of blood loss at least 1000 ml. Adverse effects of vomiting, nausea and hypertension were more likely to be associated with the use of ergometrine-oxytocin. When heterogeneity between trials was taken into account there were no statistically significant differences found for the other maternal or neonatal outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The use of ergometrine-oxytocin as part of the routine active management of the third stage of labour appears to be associated with a small but statistically significant reduction in the risk of PPH when compared to oxytocin for blood loss of 500 ml or more. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups for blood loss of 1000 ml or more. A statistically significant difference was observed in the presence of maternal side-effects, including elevation of diastolic blood pressure, vomiting and nausea, associated with ergometrine-oxytocin use compared to oxytocin use. Thus, the advantage of a reduction in the risk of PPH, between 500 and 1000 ml blood loss, needs to be weighed against the adverse side-effects associated with the use of ergometrine-oxytocin.
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Craig K, Comfort JR, Allgower CE, Bekrenev V, Berger E, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Draper B, Grosnick D, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke D, Koulbardis A, Kozlenko N, Kruglov S, Lolos GJ, Lopatin I, Manley DM, Manweiler R, Marusić A, McDonald S, Nefkens BMK, Olmsted J, Papandreou Z, Peaslee D, Phaisangittisakul N, Prakhov S, Price JW, Pulver M, Ramirez AF, Sadler ME, Shafi A, Spinka H, Stanislaus S, Starostin A, Supek I, Staudenmaier HM, Tippens WB. Dynamics of the pi(-)p-->pi(0)pi(0)n reaction for p(pi(-))<750 MeV/c. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:102301. [PMID: 14525473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Data are presented for the reaction pi(-)p-->pi(0)pi(0)n in the range from threshold to p(pi(-))=750 MeV/c. The systematics of the data and multipole analyses are examined for sensitivity to a f(0)(600) ("sigma") meson. A one-pion-exchange mechanism is found to be very weak, or absent. The reaction appears to become dominated by sequential pi(0) decays through the Delta(1232) resonance as the beam momentum increases, along with substantial interference effects from several competing mechanisms.
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Hopewell S, McDonald S. Full publication of trials initially reported as abstracts in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 1980-2000. Intern Med J 2003; 33:192-4. [PMID: 12680987 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-5994.2003.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Failure to identify all relevant reports of controlled trials is a potential source of bias in systematic reviews of health-care interventions. The present study aims to identify how many reports of trials -initially published as conference abstracts in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine were subsequently published in full. We identified trial reports by handsearching conference abstracts published in the Journal from 1980 to 2000. We then searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and PubMed to determine how many of these had been subsequently published in full. A total of 962 reports of controlled trials was identified from the conference proceedings of 17 medical societies. Of these, 589 (61%) reports of trials were subsequently published in full, and on average within 1-2 years. Handsearching conference abstracts identified a large number of reports of controlled trials, over one-third of which were unpublished and therefore not easily accessible.
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Wood V, Gwilliam R, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Lyne R, Stewart A, Sgouros J, Peat N, Hayles J, Baker S, Basham D, Bowman S, Brooks K, Brown D, Brown S, Chillingworth T, Churcher C, Collins M, Connor R, Cronin A, Davis P, Feltwell T, Fraser A, Gentles S, Goble A, Hamlin N, Harris D, Hidalgo J, Hodgson G, Holroyd S, Hornsby T, Howarth S, Huckle EJ, Hunt S, Jagels K, James K, Jones L, Jones M, Leather S, McDonald S, McLean J, Mooney P, Moule S, Mungall K, Murphy L, Niblett D, Odell C, Oliver K, O'Neil S, Pearson D, Quail MA, Rabbinowitsch E, Rutherford K, Rutter S, Saunders D, Seeger K, Sharp S, Skelton J, Simmonds M, Squares R, Squares S, Stevens K, Taylor K, Taylor RG, Tivey A, Walsh S, Warren T, Whitehead S, Woodward J, Volckaert G, Aert R, Robben J, Grymonprez B, Weltjens I, Vanstreels E, Rieger M, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Düsterhöft A, Fritzc C, Holzer E, Moestl D, Hilbert H, Borzym K, Langer I, Beck A, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Pohl TM, Eger P, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Wambutt R, Purnelle B, Goffeau A, Cadieu E, Dréano S, Gloux S, Lelaure V, Mottier S, Galibert F, Aves SJ, Xiang Z, Hunt C, Moore K, Hurst SM, Lucas M, Rochet M, Gaillardin C, Tallada VA, Garzon A, Thode G, Daga RR, Cruzado L, Jimenez J, Sánchez M, del Rey F, Benito J, Domínguez A, Revuelta JL, Moreno S, Armstrong J, Forsburg SL, Cerutti L, Lowe T, McCombie WR, Paulsen I, Potashkin J, Shpakovski GV, Ussery D, Barrell BG, Nurse P. Erratum: corrigendum: The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nature01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hopewell S, McDonald S, Clarke M, Egger M. Grey literature in meta-analyses of randomized trials of health care interventions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.mr000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Langleben DD, Schroeder L, Maldjian JA, Gur RC, McDonald S, Ragland JD, O'Brien CP, Childress AR. Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study. Neuroimage 2002; 15:727-32. [PMID: 11848716 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TheGuilty Knowledge Test (GKT) has been used extensively to model deception. An association between the brain evoked response potentials and lying on the GKT suggests that deception may be associated with changes in other measures of brain activity such as regional blood flow that could be anatomically localized with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI contrasts between deceptive and truthful responses were measured with a 4 Tesla scanner in 18 participants performing the GKT and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping. Increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and the left premotor, motor, and anterior parietal cortex was specifically associated with deceptive responses. The results indicate that: (a) cognitive differences between deception and truth have neural correlates detectable by fMRI, (b) inhibition of the truthful response may be a basic component of intentional deception, and (c) ACC and SFG are components of the basic neural circuitry for deception.
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Wood V, Gwilliam R, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Lyne R, Stewart A, Sgouros J, Peat N, Hayles J, Baker S, Basham D, Bowman S, Brooks K, Brown D, Brown S, Chillingworth T, Churcher C, Collins M, Connor R, Cronin A, Davis P, Feltwell T, Fraser A, Gentles S, Goble A, Hamlin N, Harris D, Hidalgo J, Hodgson G, Holroyd S, Hornsby T, Howarth S, Huckle EJ, Hunt S, Jagels K, James K, Jones L, Jones M, Leather S, McDonald S, McLean J, Mooney P, Moule S, Mungall K, Murphy L, Niblett D, Odell C, Oliver K, O'Neil S, Pearson D, Quail MA, Rabbinowitsch E, Rutherford K, Rutter S, Saunders D, Seeger K, Sharp S, Skelton J, Simmonds M, Squares R, Squares S, Stevens K, Taylor K, Taylor RG, Tivey A, Walsh S, Warren T, Whitehead S, Woodward J, Volckaert G, Aert R, Robben J, Grymonprez B, Weltjens I, Vanstreels E, Rieger M, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Düsterhöft A, Fritzc C, Holzer E, Moestl D, Hilbert H, Borzym K, Langer I, Beck A, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Pohl TM, Eger P, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Wambutt R, Purnelle B, Goffeau A, Cadieu E, Dréano S, Gloux S, Lelaure V, Mottier S, Galibert F, Aves SJ, Xiang Z, Hunt C, Moore K, Hurst SM, Lucas M, Rochet M, Gaillardin C, Tallada VA, Garzon A, Thode G, Daga RR, Cruzado L, Jimenez J, Sánchez M, del Rey F, Benito J, Domínguez A, Revuelta JL, Moreno S, Armstrong J, Forsburg SL, Cerutti L, Lowe T, McCombie WR, Paulsen I, Potashkin J, Shpakovski GV, Ussery D, Barrell BG, Nurse P, Cerrutti L. The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 2002; 415:871-80. [PMID: 11859360 DOI: 10.1038/nature724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1118] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824. The centromeres are between 35 and 110 kilobases (kb) and contain related repeats including a highly conserved 1.8-kb element. Regions upstream of genes are longer than in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), possibly reflecting more-extended control regions. Some 43% of the genes contain introns, of which there are 4,730. Fifty genes have significant similarity with human disease genes; half of these are cancer related. We identify highly conserved genes important for eukaryotic cell organization including those required for the cytoskeleton, compartmentation, cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation and RNA splicing. These genes may have originated with the appearance of eukaryotic life. Few similarly conserved genes that are important for multicellular organization were identified, suggesting that the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes required more new genes than did the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization.
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Manley DM, Abaev VV, Allgower CE, Bekrenev V, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Comfort JR, Craig K, Grosnick D, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke DD, Kulbardis AA, Kozlenko NG, Kruglov S, Lolos G, Lopatin IV, Manweiler R, Marusić A, McDonald S, Nefkens BMK, Olmsted J, Papandreou Z, Peaslee DC, Phaisangittisakul N, Prakhov S, Price JW, Ramirez AF, Sadler M, Shafi A, Spinka H, Stanislaus TDS, Starostin A, Staudenmaier HM, Strakovsky II, Supek I, Tippens WB. Properties of the Lambda(1670)(1-)/2 resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:012002. [PMID: 11800936 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently the Crystal Ball Collaboration measured precise new data for the near-threshold reaction K(-)p-->etaLambda, which is dominated by formation of the Lambda(1670)1 / 2(-). In this Letter, we present results of a unitary, multichannel analysis that incorporates the new Crystal Ball data. For our preferred fit, we obtain mass M = 1673+/-2 MeV, width Gamma = 23+/-6 MeV, and elasticity x = 0.37+/-0.07. This elasticity is significantly larger than previously recognized. Resonance parameters of our preferred fit are in striking agreement with the quark-model predictions of Koniuk and Isgur.
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Tippens WB, Prakhov S, Allgower CE, Bekrenev V, Berger E, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Comfort JR, Craig K, Efendiev A, Grosnick D, Holstein BR, Huber GM, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke D, Koulbardis A, Kozlenko N, Kruglov S, Lolos GJ, Lopatin I, Manley DM, Marusić A, Manweiler R, McDonald S, Nefkens BM, Olmsted J, Papandreou Z, Phaisangittisakul N, Price JW, Pulver M, Ramirez AF, Sadler ME, Shafi A, Spinka H, Stanislaus S, Starostin A, Staudenmaier HM. Determination of the quadratic slope parameter in eta-->3pi(0) decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:192001. [PMID: 11690403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.192001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the quadratic slope parameter alpha for eta-->3pi(0) to be alpha = -0.031(4) from a 99% pure sample of 10(6)eta-->3pi(0) decays produced in the reaction pi(-)p-->n(eta) close to the eta threshold using the Crystal Ball detector at the AGS. The result is four times more precise than the present world data and disagrees with current chiral perturbation theory calculations by about four standard deviations.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the cause and clinicopathological factors associated with the failure of barium enemas to detect colorectal cancers. METHODS A histopathological database was used to identify all patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer between 1991 and 1995. These records were matched with the records from patients who underwent barium enema examinations between 1990 and 1995. Those patients who had a colorectal cancer histologically diagnosed within 24 months of a barium enema in which no carcinoma was seen, were identified. Where possible the radiology was reviewed. Failure to identify a carcinoma was then attributed to either simple failure, technical, interpretive or perceptive difficulties. RESULTS There were 967 patients with colorectal cancers treated in Christchurch Hospital during the study period 1991-1995. Matching of these patient details with all barium enema records revealed 313 patients who had barium enemas and histologically proven colorectal cancer. There were 21 (6.7%) patients in whom a carcinoma was missed. Of these, 18 had a barium enema within 8 months of surgery, and three were performed outside this timespan (15, 18 and 28 months, respectively). On review, 11 carcinomas could not be identified (nine due to technical error: poor coating (n = 1), overlapping loops (n = 3), single-contrast enema (n = 4), faecal residue (n = 1)); and seven could be seen on review of the films (two interpretation errors, one technical and perceptive error, and four perceptive errors). In three cases films could not be found for review. In 16 of the 21 missed lesions the patient had a double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) while five patients had single-contrast barium enema (SCBE). The site and stage of missed tumours is presented. CONCLUSIONS The most common reason for missed tumours was technical. The percentage of missed tumours in each region of the bowel correlates with the known incidence of tumours in each region and with a normal Dukes stage distribution, except in the caecum where the number of missed lesions was higher than expected.
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