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Karaki T, Sato D, Shimizu A, Nozaki T, Harada S. X-ray crystal structure analyses of methionine γ-lyase 1 and 2 from Entamoeba histolytica. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308085899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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102
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Kido Y, Sakamoto K, Inaoka D, Fujioka S, Suzuki T, Yabu Y, Yamakura F, Ohmori D, Saimoto H, Harada S, Kita K. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of trypanosome alternative oxidase. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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103
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Shimizu H, Harada S, Osanai A, Inaoka D, Otani H, Sakamoto K, Kita K. Crystallization and X-ray structure analysis of Complex II from adult Ascaris suummitochondria. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730809243x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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104
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Matoba K, Tanazawa Y, Inoue T, Matsumura H, Kai Y, Kamei K, Harada S. Crystal structures of alkaline protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosacomplexed with peptides. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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105
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Harada S, Ehara S, Sera K, Ishii K, Yamazaki H, Matsuyama N, Sato T, Oikawa S, Kamiya T, Ito J. Radiosensitization, Multi-Drug Targeting, and Endocytosis by Liquid-Core Microcapsules Accumulated Through Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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106
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Nerome R, Tajima S, Takasaki T, Yoshida T, Kotaki A, Lim CK, Ito M, Sugiyama A, Yamauchi A, Yano T, Kameyama T, Morishita I, Kuwayama M, Ogawa T, Sahara K, Ikegaya A, Kanda M, Hosoya Y, Itokazu K, Onishi H, Chiya S, Yoshida Y, Tabei Y, Katsuki K, Tabata K, Harada S, Kurane I. Molecular epidemiological analyses of Japanese encephalitis virus isolates from swine in Japan from 2002 to 2004. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2762-2768. [PMID: 17872529 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strains recently prevalent in Japan, JEV surveillance was performed in pigs from 2002 to 2004. Eleven new JEV isolates were obtained and compared with previous isolates from Japan and other Asian countries. All of the isolates were classified into genotype 1 by nucleotide sequence analysis of the E gene. Two new isolates with different levels of neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness, but with only one nucleotide difference in the E gene, Sw/Mie/34/2004 and Sw/Mie/40/2004, were isolated at the same farm on the same day. Sw/Mie/40/2004 displayed higher neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness in mice than the other four new isolates. Another new isolate, Sw/Hiroshima/25/2002, was neutralized by antiserum to Beijing-1 at a level similar to the homologous Beijing-1 strain, whilst seven other new isolates were neutralized at 10-fold-lower titres. However, there were no amino acid differences in the E protein among these eight isolates. The present study indicated that the 11 new JEV isolates were genetically similar, but biologically and serologically heterogeneous.
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Nomoto R, Unose N, Shimahara Y, Nakamura A, Hirae T, Maebuchi K, Harada S, Misawa N, Itami T, Kagawa H, Yoshida T. Characterization of Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from farmed fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2006; 29:673-82. [PMID: 17169114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A Lancefield group C streptococcal (GCS) infection caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae that is characterized by severe necrotic lesions of the caudal peduncle has been an increasing cause of mortality in farmed fish such as amberjack, Seriola dumerili, and yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in the southern part of Kyushu, Japan. In this study, enzymatic profiles of GCS strains from fish and mammals were investigated using the API ZYM system, and genotypic characterization of GCS strains was performed using biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE). The partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of the GCS strain isolates from fish and mammals was also compared. The API ZYM test indicated that it is difficult to differentiate isolates of S. dysgalactiae from fish and animals based on enzymological variations. In the BSFGE analysis, the macrorestriction profiles, which were obtained using SmaI or ApaI as a restriction enzyme, revealed variations between the fish and animal isolates. The partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of all the tested fish isolates differed from all mammalian isolates in one or two nucleotides. The possibility of a clonal expansion of S. dysgalactiae strains in farmed fish was also suggested by the BSFGE profiles of fish isolates.
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108
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Harada S, Ehara S, Ishii K, Yamazaki H, Matsuyama S, Kamiya T, Sato T, Oikawa S, Sera K, Ito J. 2702. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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109
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Kim KI, Kim SR, Sasase N, Taniguchi M, Harada S, Kinoshita K, Kim SH, Akimoto Y, Shikata M, Kimura N, Izawa S, Ohtani A, Nakao K, Motojima M, Kinoshita M, Hirai M, Ohzu M, Hirooka T, Nabeshima S, Ishii F, Tanaka K, Hotta H. 2'-,5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase response ratio predicting virological response to PEG-interferon-α2b plus ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Pharm Ther 2006; 31:441-6. [PMID: 16958821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although all the mechanisms of elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by Interferon (IFN) have not been fully elucidated, the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) system is one of the mechanisms of the antiviral effect of IFN. Consequently, the measurement of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5AS) activity could be useful for the evaluation of IFN treatment. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing whether 2-5AS activity functions as a clinical marker of virological response to PEG-interferon-alpha2b (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin therapy of chronic hepatitis C. METHODS The 32 patients included in this study had high viral loads of serum HCV-RNA of genotype 1b with chronic hepatitis C. All the patients received a regimen of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin for 48 weeks, and were then divided into two groups: one group (effective group) with undetectable serum HCV-RNA levels at 24 weeks (n = 22) of therapy, the other group (ineffective group) with persistent presence of HCV-RNA in serum at 24 weeks (n = 10). The 2-5AS activity in serum was measured 2, 8 and 12 weeks before initial administration. RESULTS The 2-5AS response ratio (measured value/measured value of baseline 2-5AS) at 2, 8 and 12 weeks after the administration in the effective group was significantly higher than that in the ineffective group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the ratio of 2-5AS is closely related to the antiviral effect, and that the measurement of 2-5AS response ratio may be a useful clinical parameter of virological response to PEG-IFN plus ribavirin therapy of chronic hepatitis C.
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110
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Harada S, Tanaka R, Nogami H, Sawada M. Dependence of fragmentation behavior of colloidal aggregates on their fractal structure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 301:123-9. [PMID: 16697393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fragmentation dynamics of aggregate of non-Brownian particles in shear flow is investigated numerically. The breakup behaviors of aggregates having the same connectivity but the different space-filling properties are examined. The Lagrangian particle simulation in a linear flow field is performed. The effect of surrounding fluid on the motion of multiple particles is estimated by Stokesian dynamics approach. The inter-particle force is calculated from the retarded van der Waals potential based on the Lifshitz theory. The results obtained in this work indicate that the fragmentation behavior of colloidal aggregates depends on their fractal structure. However, if the resultant aggregate size is smaller than the critical one, the fragmentation behavior shows the universality regardless of their original structure. Furthermore, the restructuring of aggregate in shear flow and its effect on the fragmentation process are also discussed.
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Weinreb M, Shamir D, Machwate M, Rodan GA, Harada S, Keila S. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases the number of rat bone marrow osteogenic stromal cells (BMSC) via binding the EP4 receptor, activating sphingosine kinase and inhibiting caspase activity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75:81-90. [PMID: 16890416 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is bone-anabolic, i.e. stimulates bone formation and increases bone mass. In this study, we explored possible intracellular mechanisms of its increase of osteogenic cells in rat bone marrow. Adherent rat bone marrow cells were counted after 12-48 h or cultured for 21 days and mineralized nodules were counted. Also, apoptosis of marrow cells was measured after in vivo PGE(2) injection. PGE(2) (100 nM) increased 2-3 fold the number of adherent BMSC, an effect which was mediated via binding the EP(4) receptor since it was mimicked by forskolin and 11-deoxy-prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) and was blocked by DDA and L-161982 (EP(4) antagonist). PGE(2) stimulated sphingosine kinase (SPK) activity since its effects were blocked by DMS (SPK inhibitor) and mimicked by SPP (SPK product). PGE(2) reduced the activity of caspase-3 and -8 in BMSC and their inhibitors increased BMSC number and nodule formation. In vivo, PGE(2) prevented the increase in the apoptosis of bone marrow cells caused by indomethacin. We propose that PGE(2) exerts an anti-apoptotic effect on BMSC, thereby increasing their number and subsequent osteoblastic differentiation. Such an effect could explain how PGE(2) stimulates bone formation in vivo.
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112
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Yonemura H, Harada S, Moribe S, Yamada S, Nakamura H, Fujiwara Y, Tanimoto Y. Magnetic field effects and time-resolved EPR studies on photogenerated biradical from intramolecular electron transfer reactions in zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin-C60linked compounds: contribution of relaxation mechanism due to spin–spin relaxation. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970600617857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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113
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Kunugi H, Hashimoto R, Okada T, Hori H, Nakabayashi T, Baba A, Kudo K, Omori M, Takahashi S, Tsukue R, Anami K, Hirabayashi N, Kosuga A, Tatsumi M, Kamijima K, Asada T, Harada S, Arima K, Saitoh O. Possible association between nonsynonymous polymorphisms of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 113:1569-73. [PMID: 16604305 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined, for the first time, the possible association between schizophrenia and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene which plays an important role in neurodevelopment. When two nonsynonymous polymorphisms (Arg1491Lys and Glu1529Asp) were examined, there were significant differences in genotype and allele distributions between patients and controls. Individuals homozygous for the minor allele (1491Lys-1529Asp) were more common in patients than in controls (p = 0.0064, odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.6). These results suggest that genetic variations of the ALK gene might confer susceptibility to schizophrenia.
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Harada S, Nozaki Y, Yagou Y, Hiraga Y, Gatanaga H, Uemura N, Kimura S, Oka S. A Woman Who Excreted a Tape-Like Substance. Clin Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1086/499965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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115
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Harada S, Ehara S, Ishii K, Yamazaki H, Matsuyama S, Sakai T, Obara Y, Sato T, Oikawa M, Sera K, Itoh J. The Targeting of the Chemotherapeutic Agents or Radiosensitizer by Radiation, Using the Liquid Core Microcapsules. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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116
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Yamamoto M, Harada S, Ohara M, Suzuki C, Naishiro Y, Yamamoto H, Takahashi H, Shinomura Y, Imai K. Beneficial effects of steroid therapy for Mikulicz's disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1322-3. [PMID: 16105910 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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117
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Taniguchi M, Kamei K, Kanaori K, Koyama T, Yasui T, Takano R, Harada S, Tajima K, Imada C, Hara S. Relationship between temporary inhibition and structure of disulfide-linkage analogs of marinostatin, a natural ester-linked protein protease inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:49-58. [PMID: 16000118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 12-residue marinostatin [MST(1-12): (1)FATMRYPSDSDE(12)] which contains two ester linkages of Thr(3)-Asp(9) and Ser(8)-Asp(11) strongly inhibits subtilisin. In order to study the relationship between the inhibitory activity, structure, and stability of MST, MST analogs were prepared by changing ester linkages to a disulfide linkages. The analogs without the disulfide linkage between 3 and 9 positions lost their inhibitory activity. The K(i) value of 1SS(C(3)-C(9)) ((1)FACMRYPSCSDE(12)), which has a single disulfide linkage of Cys(3)-Cys(9) was comparable with those of MST(1-12) and MST-2SS ((1)FACMRYPCCSCE(12)), a doubly linked analog of Cys(3)-Cys(9) and Cys(8)-Cys(11). However, 1SS(C(3)-C(9)) and MST-2SS showed temporary inhibition, but not MST(1-12): These analogs were inactivated after incubation with subtilisin for 30 min, and were specifically hydrolyzed at the reactive site. (1)H NMR study showed that 1SS(C(3)-C(9)) has two conformations, which contain a cis- (70%) or trans- (30%) Pro residue, while MST-2SS as well as MST(1-12) takes a single conformation containing only a cis-Pro residue. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate of the Arg(5) (P1') NH proton of the MST analogs was about 100 times faster than that of MST(1-12). These results indicate that the linkage between the positions 8 and 11 plays a role for fixing the cis-conformation of the Pro(7) residue, and that the linkage between 3 and 9 is indispensable for the inhibition, but not enough for stable protease-inhibitor complex.
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Mochida A, Gotoh E, Senpuku H, Harada S, Kitamura R, Takahashi T, Yanagi K. Telomere size and telomerase activity in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines. Arch Virol 2005; 150:2139-50. [PMID: 15986178 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The telomere repeat lengths of BL cell lines were quantified by measuring terminal restriction fragment (TRF). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Namalwa, Raji, and EB-3 cell lines have long telomeres, i.e. TRFs 10-19 kbp, whereas the Daudi cell line, producing a transformation-defective EBV mutant, has TRFs approximately 2.2 kbp. EBV-negative BJAB and DG75 cell lines have short TRFs 3.9-5.4 kbp, shorter than the approximately 12 kbp TRFs in PBLs. Telomerase activities of these BL cell lines are similar. TRFs of non-BL lymphoma cell lines are 2.3-5.5 kbp. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of these cell lines showed remarkable heterogeneity of telomere size in chromosomes in the same BL cell. These results suggest that EBV-positive and EBV-negative BL cell lines have experienced various telomere dynamics.
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Yamada T, Suzuki M, Hiraga M, Toda S, Fujimoto M, Ohtsuki M, Kiyosawa T, Harada S, Nakagawa H. Squamous cell carcinoma arising on scars of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:588-90. [PMID: 15787846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Murakami T, Okamura K, Harada S, Setojima M, Ikushiba Y, Miyamoto Y, Li S, Yamada M. Avulsion fracture of peroneus longus at the first metatarsal insertion: a case report. Br J Sports Med 2005; 38:E13. [PMID: 15273206 PMCID: PMC1724864 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.008144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Reports of isolated avulsion fracture at the planter lateral base of the first metatarsal without injury of the tarsometatarsal joint are very rare. A 24 year old man sustained an avulsion fracture at the plantar lateral base of the first metatarsal. Normal alignment of metatarsal bones and tarsometatarsal joint was maintained. In this paper, we describe internal fixation of the displaced fragment using x ray and minimally invasive surgery with good results.
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Inoue T, Kai Y, Harada S, Kasai N, Ohshiro Y, Suzuki S, Kohzuma T, Tobari J. Refined crystal structure of pseudoazurin from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 at 1.5 A resolution. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2005; 50:317-28. [PMID: 15299445 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444994000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of pseudoazurin from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 (PAZAM1) has been solved by the molecular replacement method using copper-copper distances as translation parameters, which were obtained from difference Patterson maps calculated with the synchrotron radiation data containing the multiwavelength anomalous-dispersion effect. The structure refinement was carried out by the use of molecular dynamics optimization and the restrained least-squares method. The final crystallographic R factor was 19.9% for the 14 365 reflections greater than 3sigma between 1.5 and 8.0 A resolution. This report describes the characteristic features of the structure of PAZAM 1 as well as the effectiveness of synchrotron radiation for structure analysis of metalloproteins. The environment of the metal active site and the structural differences among blue-copper proteins are discussed.
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Yamamoto M, Harada S, Ohara M, Suzuki C, Naishiro Y, Yamamoto H, Takahashi H, Takahashi H, Imai K. Anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive arthropathy presenting as severe osteolysis of the distal interphalangeal joints. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:218. [PMID: 15681338 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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123
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Harada S, Obayashi M, Suzuki C, Kitamura R, Eda H, Kikuta H, Satoh H, Sugihara K, Yanagi K. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA 2) amino acids 1-58 does not react with EBNA 2 in native form, consistent with the self-association of EBNA 2 through the amino-terminus. Arch Virol 2005; 150:1033-43. [PMID: 15662486 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have generated a mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes amino acids 1-58 of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA 2) of type 1 EBV strain B95-8. mAb Y101 also reacted with EBNA 2 of EBV type 2 strains MISP and Jijoye in immunoblots, whereas Jijoye EBNA 2 was not detected by the widely used mAb PE2. mAb Y101, in contrast to mAb PE2, reacted with faster migrated, hypophosphorylated proteins of type 1 EBNA 2 as intensely as slower migrated, hyperphosphorylated ones. mAb Y101 did not react in fixed-cell immunostaining or cell extract immunoprecipitation. The results implicate that the amino-terminal epitope is not exposed in a native form, consistent with the previously reported idea of self-association of EBNA 2 through the amino-terminus. mAb Y101 is the first mAb to the EBNA 2 amino-terminus and will be useful for further analyses of the structure and function of EBNA 2.
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Yamamoto M, Harada S, Ohara M, Suzuki C, Naishiro Y, Yamamoto H, Takahashi H, Imai K. Clinical and pathological differences between Mikulicz's disease and Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 44:227-34. [PMID: 15509627 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mikulicz's disease (MD) has been included within the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), but represents a unique condition involving enlargement of the lachrymal and salivary glands and characterized by few autoimmune reactions and good responsiveness to glucocorticoids. We have previously described elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 in the serum of four patients with MD. In this paper, we accumulated more MD cases and undertook clinical and histopathological analysis of these patients to clarify differences between MD and SS. METHODS We diagnosed seven patients with MD according to the following criteria: (i) visual confirmation of symmetrical and persistent swelling in more than two lachrymal and major salivary glands; (ii) prominent mononuclear infiltration of lachrymal and salivary glands; and (iii) exclusion of other diseases that present with glandular swelling, such as sarcoidosis and lymphoproliferative disease. We summarized the clinical and serological characteristics (IgG subclasses and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio) of seven patients with MD, compared with SS with glandular swelling (SSw) and without glandular swelling (SSo). After steroid administration, we analysed changes in IgG subclasses in MD. Labial salivary gland specimens in MD, SSw and SSo were stained with anti-IgG4 antibodies. RESULTS The concentration (+/-s.d.) of IgG4 was 1169.7 +/- 892.2 mg/dl in MD, 24.4 +/- 7.0 mg/dl in SSw (P<0.005) and 82.6 +/- 189.7 mg/dl in SSo (P<0.005). The IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio was 0.392 +/- 0.083 (0.78 +/- 0.23/2.14 +/- 0.31 IU/pg) in MD, 0.004 +/- 0.002 (0.20 +/- 0.07/57.02 +/- 14.05 IU/pg) in SSw (P<0.05) and 0.012 +/- 0.009 (0.58 +/- 0.86/116.24 +/- 207.65 IU/pg) in SSo (P<0.05). The concentration (+/-s.d.) of IgG4 in MD decreased to 254.0 +/- 50.3 mg/dl (P<0.05) after glucocorticoid treatment. Histopathologically, only MD was associated with prominent infiltration of IgG4-positive plasmacytes into lachrymal and salivary glands. CONCLUSION Mikulicz's disease is quite different from SS clinically and histopathologically. MD is suggested to be an IgG4-related systemic disease.
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Chen F, Knecht K, Leu C, Rutledge SJ, Scafonas A, Gambone C, Vogel R, Zhang H, Kasparcova V, Bai C, Harada S, Schmidt A, Reszka A, Freedman L. Partial agonist/antagonist properties of androstenedione and 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 91:247-57. [PMID: 15336702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Androgens play important endocrine roles in development and physiology. Here, we characterize activities of two "Andro" prohormones, androstenedione (A-dione) and 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol (A-diol) in MDA-MB-453 (MDA) and LNCaP cells. A-dione and A-diol, like cyproterone acetate, were partial agonists of transfected mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and endogenous prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoters. Different from bicalutamide but similar to CPA, both are inducers of LNCaP cell proliferation with only mild suppression of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-enhanced cell growth. Like bicalutamide and cyproterone acetate, A-dione and A-diol significantly antagonized DHT/R1881-induced PSA expression by up to 30% in LNCaP cells. Meanwhile, in MDA cells, EC(50)s for the MMTV promoter were between 10 and 100nM. Co-factor studies showed GRIP1 as most active for endogenous androgen receptor (AR), increasing MMTV transcription by up to five-fold, without substantially altering EC(50)s of DHT, A-dione or A-diol. Consistent with their transcriptional activities, A-dione and A-diol bound full-length endogenous AR from MDA or LNCaP cells with affinities of 30-70nM, although binding to expressed ligand-binding domain (LBD) was >20-fold weaker. In contrast, DHT, R1881, and bicalutamide bound similarly to LBD or aporeceptor. Together, these data suggest that A-dione and A-diol are ligands for AR with partial agonist/antagonist activities in cell-based transcription assays. Binding affinities for both are most accurately assessed by AR aporeceptor complex. In addition to being testosterone precursors in vivo, either may impart its own transcriptional regulation of AR.
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