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Zhen Q, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Yang H, Zhang T, Li X, Mo X, Li B, Wu J, Liang Y, Ge H, Xu Q, Chen W, Qian W, Xu H, Chen G, Bai B, Zhang J, Lu Y, Chen S, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li X, Jin X, Lin X, Yong L, Fang M, Zhao J, Lu Y, Wu S, Jiang D, Shi J, Cao H, Qiu Y, Li S, Kang X, Shen J, Ma H, Sun S, Fan Y, Chen W, Bai M, Jiang Q, Li W, Lv C, Li S, Chen M, Li F, Li Y, Sun L. Three Novel Structural Variations at MHC and IL12B Predisposing to Psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:307-317. [PMID: 34498260 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural variations (SVs, defined as DNA variants ≥50 bp) have been associated with various complex human diseases. However, research to screen the whole genome for SVs predisposing to psoriasis is still lacking. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association of SVs and psoriasis. METHODS We performed a genome-wide screen on SVs using an imputation method on 5 independent cohorts with 45,386 subjects from the Chinese Han population. Fine mapping analysis, genetic interaction analysis and RNA expression analysis were conducted to explore the mechanism of SVs. RESULTS We obtained 4,535 SVs in total and identified 2 novel deletions (esv3608550, OR=2.73, P<2.00×10-308 ; esv3608542, OR=0.47, P=7.40×10-28 ) at 6q21.33 (MHC), 1 novel Alu element insertion (esv3607339, OR=1.22, P=1.18×10-35 ) at 5q33.3 (IL12B), and confirmed 1 previously reported deletion (esv3587563, OR=1.30, P=9.52×10-60 ) at 1q21.2 (LCE) for psoriasis. Fine mapping analysis including SNPs and small Insertions/Deletions (InDels) revealed that esv3608550 and esv3608542 were independently associated with psoriasis, and a novel independent SNP (rs9378188, OR=1.65, P=3.46×10-38 ) was identified at 6q21.33. By genetic interaction analysis and RNA expression analysis, we speculate that the association of 2 deletions at 6q21.33 with psoriasis might relate to their influence on the expression of HLA-C. CONCLUSIONS Our study constructed the most comprehensive SV map for psoriasis thus far and enriched the genetic architecture and pathogenesis of psoriasis as well as highlighted the nonnegligible impact of SVs on complex diseases.
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Wu S, Zeng W, Deng W, Li M, Hu W, Cai H, Li Y, Xie P, Tan L, Zhou Z. Egg Cannibalism Varies With Sex, Reproductive Status, and Egg and Nymph Ages in Arma custos (Hemiptera: Asopinae). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.705318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Egg cannibalism is common in nature. In China, Arma custos (Hemiptera: Asopinae) has been widely used as a natural enemy to control agricultural and forestry pests. A previous study showed that adult A. custos devour their eggs. However, no research has investigated the interaction between A. custos cannibalism and egg development. Clarifying the mechanisms involved in egg cannibalism by A. custos improves our understanding of the evolutionary relationships to enable more efficient mass rearing and biological control systems.Results: Virgin females showed a lower egg cannibalism inclination than gravid females. Both virgin and mated females showed a higher egg cannibalism inclination than virgin and mated males. The first and second instar nymphs did not devour eggs. The third, fourth, and fifth instar nymphs devoured eggs. Younger eggs were more readily eaten than older eggs. Neither A. custos nymphs nor female adults consumed all the available eggs, allowing an emergence ratio of >70%.Conclusion:Arma custos females exhibit a higher tendency for egg cannibalism than males. Egg cannibalism varies not only with the developmental stage of the eggs and nymphs but also with sex and reproductive status of A. custos females. These findings help us to better understand the evolutionary relationships in egg cannibalism by A. custos and contribute to the efficient mass rearing and realization of A. custos in biological control systems.
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Aharonian F, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Volpe DD, Piazzoli BD, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. A dynamic range extension system for LHAASO WCDA-1. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-021-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Wang X, Tang W, Liu R, Bao H, Chen X, Wu S, Wu X, Shao Y, Fan J, Zhou J. 950P Ultra-sensitive and cost-effective method for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma detection using plasma cfDNA fragmentomic profiles. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Li A, Zhang W, Wu S, Li J, Yu Y. 1021P Long non-coding RNAs influence cancer immunotherapy efficacy through regulating T-cell infiltration and activity or tumor antigenicity. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wu S, Liu S, Chen A, Qian D, Lu Y. OC-0477 Self-attention Condition GAN for Synthetic CT Generation from CBCT for Head and Neck Radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jabri MA, Wu S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Pan Y, Ma J, Wang L. Accuracy of Bolton's Analysis among Different Malocclusion Patients Plaster Models and Digital Models Obtained by Ex Vivo Scanning with iTero Scanner in Chinese Han Population. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1086-1091. [PMID: 34290188 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_307_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim This investigation aimed to compare the accuracy of Bolton's analysis on plaster models of various malocclusion groups by utilizing digital calipers and iTero scanner. Materials and Methods The data consisted maxillary and mandibular plaster study casts of 61 patients (Class I-20, Class II-20, Class III-21) there were 31 males and 30 females. iTero®element scanner was utilized to scan the models and Bolton's analysis was performed on digital models. Also, the Digital caliper was utilized to perform the Manual measurements. Mesiodistal tooth widths, Anterior and Overall Bolton ratio was measured utilizing OrthoCAD™ software on digital models and plaster models with digital calipers. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing One-way ANOVA and independent T-test. Results Results revealed anterior and overall Bolton ratios showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the measurements performed utilizing digital models. Anterior ratio for (Group 1) iTero measurements depicted the statistical significant value (P < 0.03) and overall ratio for (Group 2) digital caliper measurements depicted the statistical significant value (P < 0.02). Conclusion With the introduction of intra-oral laser scanners it has become more convenient for the practitioner to perform the intra-oral digital scanning and carry out the model analysis digitally and iTero scanner can also be utilized extra-orally to perform the scanning and model analysis. Our study concludes that intra-oral laser scanner like iTero is more convenient for an orthodontist, and can be utilized for extra-oral scanning of orthodontic dental models as the measurements obtained on digital models was as accurate as the conventional method.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen BM, Chen ES, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XJ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Saiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JY, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula. Science 2021; 373:425-430. [PMID: 34261813 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 × 10-4 to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to ≈110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 × 1036 ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.
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Wu S, Han J, Zhen L, Ma Y, Li D, Liao C. Prospective ultrasound diagnosis of orofacial clefts in the first trimester. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:134-137. [PMID: 32530100 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Lehnfeld J, Dukashin Y, Mark J, White GD, Wu S, Katzur V, Müller R, Ruhl S. Saliva and Serum Protein Adsorption on Chemically Modified Silica Surfaces. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1047-1054. [PMID: 34157899 PMCID: PMC8381597 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211022273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials, once inserted in the oral cavity, become immediately covered by a layer of adsorbed proteins that consists mostly of salivary proteins but also of plasma proteins if the biomaterial is placed close to the gingival margin or if it becomes implanted into tissue and bone. It is often this protein layer, rather than the pristine biomaterial surface, that is subsequently encountered by colonizing bacteria or attaching tissue cells. Thus, to study this important initial protein adsorption from human saliva and serum and how it might be influenced through chemical modification of the biomaterial surface, we have measured the amount of protein adsorbed and analyzed the composition of the adsorbed protein layer using gel electrophoresis and western blotting. Here, we have developed an in vitro model system based on silica surfaces, chemically modified with 7 silane-based self-assembled monolayers that span a broad range of physicochemical properties, from hydrophilic to hydrophobic surfaces (water contact angles from 15° to 115°), low to high surface free energy (12 to 57 mN/m), and negative to positive surface charge (zeta potentials from –120 to +40 mV at physiologic pH). We found that the chemical surface functionalities exerted a substantial effect on the total amounts of proteins adsorbed; however, no linear correlation of the adsorbed amounts with the physicochemical surface parameters was observed. Only the adsorption behavior of a few singular protein components, from which physicochemical data are available, seems to follow physicochemical expectations. Examples are albumin in serum and lysozyme in saliva; in both, adsorption was favored on countercharged surfaces. We conclude from these findings that in complex biofluids such as saliva and serum, adsorption behavior is dominated by the overall protein-binding capacity of the surface rather than by specific physicochemical interactions of single protein entities with the surface.
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Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams A, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Aleman KM, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Ansoldi S, Antelis JM, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Aronson SM, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Auclair P, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer AM, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baiotti L, Baird J, Bajpai R, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Bals M, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Bankar RS, Barayoga JC, Barbieri C, Barish BC, Barker D, Barneo P, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Baylor AC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bedakihale VM, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Benedetto V, Beniwal D, Benjamin MG, Bennett TF, Bentley JD, BenYaala M, Bergamin F, Berger BK, Bernuzzi S, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bhandari AV, Bhattacharjee D, Bhaumik S, Bidler J, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bischi M, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Biswas B, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blackman J, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bobba F, Bode N, Boer M, Bogaert G, Boldrini M, Bondu F, Bonilla E, Bonnand R, Booker P, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose N, Bose S, Bossilkov V, Boudart V, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Bramley A, Branch A, Branchesi M, Breschi M, Briant T, Briggs JH, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brooks J, Brown DD, Brunett S, Bruno G, Bruntz R, Bryant J, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buscicchio R, Buskulic D, Cadonati L, Caesar M, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Cain HW, Calderón Bustillo J, Callaghan JD, Callister TA, Calloni E, Camp JB, Canepa M, Cannavacciuolo M, Cannon KC, Cao H, Cao J, Cao Z, Capocasa E, Capote E, Carapella G, Carbognani F, Carlin JB, Carney MF, Carpinelli M, Carullo G, Carver TL, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cesarini E, Chaibi W, Chakravarti K, Champion B, Chan CH, Chan C, Chan CL, Chan M, Chandra K, Chanial P, Chao S, Charlton P, Chase EA, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chatziioannou K, Chen A, Chen C, Chen HY, Chen J, Chen K, Chen X, Chen YB, Chen YR, Chen Z, Cheng H, Cheong CK, Cheung HY, Chia HY, Chiadini F, Chiang CY, Chierici R, Chincarini A, Chiofalo ML, Chiummo A, Cho G, Cho HS, Choate S, Choudhary RK, Choudhary S, Christensen N, Chu H, Chu Q, Chu YK, Chua S, Chung KW, Ciani G, Ciecielag P, Cieślar M, Cifaldi M, Ciobanu AA, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Cirone A, Clara F, Clark EN, Clark JA, Clarke L, Clearwater P, Clesse S, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Cohen DE, Cohen L, Colleoni M, Collette CG, Colpi M, Compton CM, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper SJ, Corban P, Corbitt TR, Cordero-Carrión I, Corezzi S, Corley KR, Cornish N, Corre D, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Cotesta R, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Cousins B, Couvares P, Covas PB, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Criswell AW, Croquette M, Crowder SG, Cudell JR, Cullen TJ, Cumming A, Cummings R, Cuoco E, Curyło M, Canton TD, Dálya G, Dana A, DaneshgaranBajastani LM, D'Angelo B, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darsow-Fromm C, Dasgupta A, Datrier LEH, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davies GS, Davis D, Daw EJ, Dean R, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Favero V, De Lillo F, De Lillo N, Del Pozzo W, DeMarchi LM, De Matteis F, D'Emilio V, Demos N, Dent T, Depasse A, De Pietri R, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, De Simone R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Diaz-Ortiz M, Didio NA, Dietrich T, Di Fiore L, Di Fronzo C, Di Giorgio C, Di Giovanni F, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla AK, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, D'Onofrio L, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Drago M, Driggers JC, Drori Y, Du Z, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Durante O, D'Urso D, Duverne PA, Dwyer SE, Easter PJ, Ebersold M, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo TB, Edy O, Effler A, Eguchi S, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein RA, Ejlli A, Enomoto Y, Errico L, Essick RC, Estellés H, Estevez D, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Ewing BE, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farah AM, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Farrow NW, Fauchon-Jones EJ, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer MM, Feng F, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson DL, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira TA, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher RP, Fishner JM, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Fornal B, Forsyth PWF, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frederick C, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fronzé GG, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar SG, Garaventa B, García-Núñez C, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gayathri V, Ge G, Gemme G, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Gewecke P, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giacoppo L, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Gibson DR, Gier C, Giesler M, Giri P, Gissi F, Glanzer J, Gleckl AE, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Goncharov B, González G, Gopakumar A, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grace B, Grado A, Granata M, Granata V, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson AM, Gretarsson EM, Griffith D, Griffiths W, Griggs HL, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Grimes E, Grimm SJ, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guerrero JG, Guidi GM, Guimaraes AR, Guixé G, Gulati HK, Guo HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta A, Gupta P, Gustafson EK, Gustafson 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AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Giovanni F, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla AK, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, D'Onofrio L, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Drago M, Driggers JC, Drori Y, Du Z, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Durante O, D'Urso D, Duverne PA, Dwyer SE, Easter PJ, Ebersold M, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo TB, Edy O, Effler A, Eguchi S, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein RA, Ejlli A, Enomoto Y, Errico L, Essick RC, Estellés H, Estevez D, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Ewing BE, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farah AM, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Farrow NW, Fauchon-Jones EJ, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer MM, Feng F, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson DL, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira TA, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher RP, Fishner JM, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Fornal B, Forsyth PWF, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frederick C, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fronzé GG, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar SG, Garaventa B, García-Núñez C, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gayathri V, Ge G, Gemme G, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Gewecke P, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giacoppo L, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Gibson DR, Gier C, Giesler M, Giri P, Gissi F, Glanzer J, Gleckl AE, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Goncharov B, González G, Gopakumar A, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grace B, Grado A, Granata M, Granata V, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson AM, Gretarsson EM, Griffith D, Griffiths W, Griggs HL, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Grimes E, Grimm SJ, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guerrero JG, Guidi GM, Guimaraes AR, Guixé G, Gulati HK, Guo HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta A, Gupta P, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Guzman F, Ha S, Haegel L, Hagiwara A, Haino S, Halim O, Hall ED, Hamilton EZ, Hammond G, Han WB, Haney M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hannuksela OA, Hansen H, Hansen TJ, Hanson J, Harder T, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hartwig D, Hasegawa K, Haskell B, Hasskew RK, Haster CJ, Hattori K, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes FJ, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heinze J, Heinzel J, Heitmann H, Hellman F, Hello P, Helmling-Cornell AF, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennes E, Hennig J, Hennig MH, Hernandez Vivanco F, Heurs M, Hild S, Hill P, Himemoto Y, Hines AS, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Hohmann JN, Holgado AM, Holland NA, Hollows IJ, Holmes ZJ, Holt K, Holz DE, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoy CG, Hoyland D, Hreibi A, Hsieh B, Hsu Y, Huang GZ, Huang HY, Huang P, Huang YC, Huang YJ, Huang YW, Hübner MT, Huddart AD, Huerta EA, Hughey B, Hui DCY, Hui V, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huxford R, Huynh-Dinh T, Ide S, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Inchauspe H, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Intini G, Ioka K, Isi M, Isleif K, Ito K, Itoh Y, Iyer BR, Izumi K, JaberianHamedan V, Jacqmin T, Jadhav SJ, Jadhav SP, James AL, Jan AZ, Jani K, Janssens K, Janthalur NN, Jaranowski P, Jariwala D, Jaume R, Jenkins AC, Jeon C, Jeunon M, Jia W, Jiang J, Jin HB, Johns GR, Jones AW, Jones DI, Jones JD, Jones P, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Jung K, Jung P, Junker J, Kaihotsu K, Kajita T, Kakizaki M, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Kao Y, Kapadia SJ, Kapasi DP, Karathanasis C, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Key JS, Khadka S, Khalili FY, Khan I, Khan S, Khazanov EA, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim JC, Kim J, Kim K, Kim WS, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, King PJ, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel JS, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Knee AM, Knowles TD, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kolitsidou P, Kolstein M, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong AKH, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Kotake K, Kovalam M, Kozak DB, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu NV, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kuei F, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kume J, Kuns K, Kuo C, Kuo HS, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kwak K, Kwang S, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lam TL, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane BB, Lang RN, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky PD, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche YK, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee HW, Lee J, Lee K, Lee R, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Leon E, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Leviton JN, Li AKY, Li B, Li J, Li KL, Li TGF, Li X, Lin CY, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin HL, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker SD, Linley JN, Littenberg TB, Liu GC, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llorens-Monteagudo M, Lo RKL, Lockwood A, Lollie ML, London LT, Longo A, Lopez D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lousto CO, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren AP, Luo LW, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, MacMillan IAO, Macquet A, Magaña Hernandez I, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magazzù C, Magee RM, Maggiore R, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mango JL, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan AS, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov DV, Marx EJ, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann JJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee GI, McGuire SC, McIsaac C, McIver J, McManus DJ, McRae T, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta AK, Melatos A, Melchor DA, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni CS, Mercer RA, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Merritt JD, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Milano L, Miller AL, Millhouse M, Mills JC, Milotti E, Milovich-Goff MC, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir LM, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Mogushi K, Mohapatra SRP, Mohite SR, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C, Moreno G, Mori Y, Morisaki S, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz EA, Murray PG, Musenich R, Nadji SL, Nagano K, Nagano S, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Nakashima R, Nakayama Y, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Naticchioni L, Nayak B, Nayak RK, Negishi R, Neil BF, Neilson J, Nelemans G, Nelson TJN, Nery M, Neunzert A, Ng KY, Ng SWS, Nguyen C, Nguyen P, Nguyen T, Nguyen Quynh L, Ni WT, Nichols SA, Nishizawa A, Nissanke S, Nocera F, Noh M, Norman M, North C, Nozaki S, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, O'Brien BD, Obuchi Y, O'Dell J, Ogaki W, Oganesyan G, Oh JJ, Oh K, Oh SH, Ohashi M, Ohishi N, Ohkawa M, Ohme F, Ohta H, Okada MA, Okutani Y, Okutomi K, Olivetto C, Oohara K, Ooi C, Oram R, O'Reilly B, Ormiston RG, Ormsby ND, Ortega LF, O'Shaughnessy R, O'Shea E, Oshino S, Ossokine S, Osthelder C, Otabe S, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Pace AE, Pagano G, Page MA, Pagliaroli G, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan K, Panda PK, Pang H, Pang PTH, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Paolone A, Parisi A, Park J, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel M, Patricelli B, Payne E, Pechsiri TC, Pedraza M, Pegoraro M, Pele A, Peña Arellano FE, Penn S, Perego A, Pereira A, Pereira T, Perez CJ, Périgois C, Perreca A, Perriès S, Petermann J, Petterson D, Pfeiffer HP, Pham KA, Phukon KS, Piccinni OJ, Pichot M, Piendibene M, Piergiovanni F, Pierini L, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pilo F, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Piotrzkowski BJ, Piotrzkowski K, Pirello M, Pitkin M, Placidi E, Plastino W, Pluchar C, Poggiani R, Polini E, Pong DYT, Ponrathnam S, Popolizio P, Porter EK, Powell J, Pracchia M, Pradier T, Prajapati AK, Prasai K, Prasanna R, Pratten G, Prestegard T, Principe M, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Prosposito P, Prudenzi L, Puecher A, Punturo M, Puosi F, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Quetschke V, Quinonez PJ, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Raaijmakers G, Radkins H, Radulesco N, Raffai P, Rail SX, Raja S, Rajan C, Ramirez KE, Ramirez TD, Ramos-Buades A, Rana J, Rapagnani P, Rapol UD, Ratto B, Raymond V, Raza N, Razzano M, Read J, Rees LA, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Relton P, Rettegno P, Ricci F, Richardson CJ, Richardson JW, Richardson L, Ricker PM, Riemenschneider G, Riles K, Rizzo M, Robertson NA, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rocha JA, Rodriguez S, Rodriguez-Soto RD, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romanelli M, Romano R, Romel CL, Romero A, Romero-Shaw IM, Romie JH, Rose CA, Rosińska D, Rosofsky SG, Ross MP, Rowan S, Rowlinson SJ, Roy S, Roy S, Rozza D, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadiq J, Sago N, Saito S, Saito Y, Sakai K, Sakai Y, Sakellariadou M, Sakuno Y, Salafia OS, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez JH, Sanchez LE, Sanchis-Gual N, Sanders JR, Sanuy A, Saravanan TR, Sarin N, Sassolas B, Satari H, Sato S, Sato T, Sauter O, Savage RL, Savant V, Sawada T, Sawant D, Sawant HL, Sayah S, Schaetzl D, Scheel M, Scheuer J, Schindler-Tyka A, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schneewind M, Schofield RMS, Schönbeck A, Schulte BW, Schutz BF, Schwartz E, Scott J, Scott SM, Seglar-Arroyo M, Seidel E, Sekiguchi T, Sekiguchi Y, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sennett N, Sentenac D, Seo EG, Sequino V, Setyawati Y, Shaffer T, Shahriar MS, Shams B, Shao L, Sharifi S, Sharma A, Sharma P, Shawhan P, Shcheblanov NS, Shen H, Shibagaki S, Shikauchi M, Shimizu R, Shimoda T, Shimode K, Shink R, Shinkai H, Shishido T, Shoda A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Shukla K, ShyamSundar S, Sieniawska M, Sigg D, Singer LP, Singh D, Singh N, Singha A, Sintes AM, Sipala V, Skliris V, Slagmolen BJJ, Slaven-Blair TJ, Smetana J, Smith JR, Smith RJE, Somala SN, Somiya K, Son EJ, Soni K, Soni S, Sorazu B, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Sorrentino N, Sotani H, Soulard R, Souradeep T, Sowell E, Spagnuolo V, Spencer AP, Spera M, Srivastava AK, Srivastava V, Staats K, Stachie C, Steer DA, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stops DJ, Stover M, Strain KA, Strang LC, Stratta G, Strunk A, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Südbeck J, Sudhagar S, Sudhir V, Sugimoto R, Suh HG, Summerscales TZ, Sun H, Sun L, Sunil S, Sur A, Suresh J, Sutton PJ, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Szewczyk P, Tacca M, Tagoshi H, Tait SC, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Takamori A, Takano S, Takeda H, Takeda M, Talbot C, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Tanasijczuk AJ, Tanioka S, Tanner DB, Tao D, Tapia A, Tapia San Martin EN, Tapia San Martin EN, Tasson JD, Telada S, Tenorio R, Terkowski L, Test M, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thompson JE, Thondapu SR, Thorne KA, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Toland K, Tolley AE, Tomaru T, Tomigami Y, Tomura T, Tonelli M, Torres-Forné A, Torrie CI, Tosta E Melo I, Töyrä D, Trapananti A, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tringali MC, Tripathee A, Troiano L, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Trudeau RJ, Tsai DS, Tsai D, Tsang KW, Tsang T, Tsao JS, Tse M, Tso R, Tsubono K, Tsuchida S, Tsukada L, Tsuna D, Tsutsui T, Tsuzuki T, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ubhi AS, Uchikata N, Uchiyama T, Udall RP, Ueda A, Uehara T, Ueno K, Ueshima G, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Uraguchi F, Urban AL, Ushiba T, Usman SA, Utina AC, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Vajpeyi A, Valdes G, Valentini M, Valsan V, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen JV, van Putten MHPM, van Remortel N, Vardaro M, Vargas AF, Varma V, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venneberg J, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Verma Y, Veske D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Viets AD, Villa-Ortega V, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, von Reis ERG, Vorvick C, Vyatchanin SP, Wade LE, Wade M, Wagner KJ, Walet RC, Walker M, Wallace GS, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang J, Wang JZ, Wang WH, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Washimi T, Washington NY, Watchi J, Weaver B, Wei L, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Weller CM, Wellmann F, Wen L, Weßels P, Westhouse JW, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DD, Whiting BF, Whittle C, Wilken D, Williams D, Williams MJ, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wilson DJ, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wlodarczyk T, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford JK, Wong ICF, Wrangel J, Wu C, Wu DS, Wu H, Wu S, Wysocki DM, Xiao L, Xu WR, Yamada T, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yamashita K, Yamazaki R, Yang FW, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang Y, Yang Z, Yap MJ, Yeeles DW, Yelikar AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X, Huang XY. Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622+3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241103. [PMID: 34213924 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source around the location of the middle-aged (207.8 kyr) pulsar PSR J0622+3749 with the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The source is detected with a significance of 8.2σ for E>25 TeV assuming a Gaussian template. The best-fit location is (right ascension, declination) =(95.47°±0.11°,37.92°±0.09°), and the extension is 0.40°±0.07°. The energy spectrum can be described by a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.92±0.17_{stat}±0.02_{sys}. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of the LHAASO source has been found from the radio to sub-TeV bands. The LHAASO observations are consistent with the scenario that VHE electrons escaped from the pulsar, diffused in the interstellar medium, and scattered the interstellar radiation field. If interpreted as the pulsar halo scenario, the diffusion coefficient, inferred for electrons with median energies of ∼160 TeV, is consistent with those obtained from the extended halos around Geminga and Monogem and much smaller than that derived from cosmic ray secondaries. The LHAASO discovery of this source thus likely enriches the class of so-called pulsar halos and confirms that high-energy particles generally diffuse very slowly in the disturbed medium around pulsars.
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Cao Z, Aharonian FA, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, D Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 γ-ray Galactic sources. Nature 2021; 594:33-36. [PMID: 34002091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons-cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3-6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators.
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Zhou L, Zhang C, Li L, Liu T, Li K, Wu S, Li X. Nanobowls-assisted broadband absorber for unbiased Si-based infrared photodetection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:15505-15516. [PMID: 33985249 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons from the nonradiative decay of surface plasmons have drawn extensive attention due to the outstanding performance in realizing below-bandgap photodetection. However, the widely employed metallic nanostructures are normally complex and delicate with a great challenge in large-area fabrication, and there is a great limitation to achieve substantial photoresponse at relatively long wavelengths (e.g., 2000nm) with polarization- and incident-angle independence. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a broadband, omnidirectional, and polarization-insensitive absorber based on wafer-scale silicon honeycomb nanobowls with 20-nm-thick gold overlayer. The average absorption across the long wave near infrared band (LW-NIR, i.e., 1100-2500 nm) is higher than 82%, which is contributed from the random nature and multimode localized plasmonic resonances excited on the side walls of nanobowls. Benefitted from the well-connected thin Au film and relatively low Schottky barrier, the generated hot electrons have a high transport probability to reach Schottky interface and participate in the interfacial charge transfer process. As a result, the hot-electron photodetector under no bias realizes a broadband photodetection up to 2000nm wavelength with a responsivity of 0.145 mA/W, and its cutoff wavelength is predicted up to 3300 nm by fitting the experimental result with Fowler theory. Our proposed Au/Si nanobowls photodetector could open a pathway to further extend the detection wavelength of Si-based photodetectors with a large-area and low-cost fabrication process, which promotes practical hot-electron applications.
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Yin M, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Wu S, Zhang X, Luo H, Zhang L. 467 Novel selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors promote the adipogenic function of dermal fibroblasts: Implication to treat hair loss. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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117
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Sun L, Zhang X, Wu S, Liao Y, Zhang X, Liu W, Zhang L. 634 Single cell transcriptomics identifies a two way conversion program between dermal progenitors and adipocytes during skin development and regeneration. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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118
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Liu J, Wu Q, Wu S, Xie X. Investigation on potential biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) triggered by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1782-1793. [PMID: 33847923 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This project aimed to survey the clinical characteristics and survivals of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) mediated by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in an attempt to explore the potential predictors. METHODS After searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases, 12 studies incorporating 1766 individuals were enrolled. The data were analyzed with Review manager 5.3 software. RESULTS The results revealed HPD correlated with previous metastatic sites > 2 (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.33-2.59, P = 0.0003), liver metastasis (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 2.09-5.35, P < 0.00001), Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) score ≥ 2 (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.85-4.23, P < 0.00001), higher ECOG PS (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.13-2.27, P = 0.008) and LDH > upper limits of normal (ULN) (OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.51-3.58, P = 0.0001). Instead, HPD was unrelated to gender, age, smoking status, PD-L1 expression, therapy, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, the histology, the status of EGFR, ALK and KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer and HER-2 expression in advanced gastric cancer. Moreover, HPD was evidently correlated with a shorter OS (HR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.79-4.76, P < 0.0001) and PFS (HR = 3.62, 95% CI 2.79-4.68, P < 0.00001). The same phenomena existed in stratified studies based on study regions and tumor types. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that HPD was related to the number of prior metastatic sites > 2, liver metastasis, RMH score ≥ 2, higher ECOG PS score and LDH > ULN. Moreover, HPD was correlated with a poor OS and PFS in patients following ICI therapy.
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Sathyanarayan P, Sloane H, Edelstein D, Jones F, Preston J, Wu S, Los J, Holtrup F, Quinn H, Feller-Kopman D. 164P Rapid liquid biopsy genotyping in NSCLC patients. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(21)02006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu S, Liao W, Su K, Yu S, Yu C, Yang J, Shih J. P37.05 Prognostic Characteristics and Immunotherapy Response of Non-Squamous NSCLC Patients with KRAS Mutation in East Asian Populations. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu S, Liepins D, Sholl L. FP07.14 Implementation of a Lung Biopsy Histology Protocol Supports Successful Cancer Biomarker Testing. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou Z, Li L, Niu Y, Song H, Xing XS, Guo Z, Wu S. Understanding the varying mechanisms between the conformal interlayer and overlayer in the silicon/hematite dual-absorber photoanode for solar water splitting. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2936-2944. [PMID: 33555279 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03486j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-absorber photoelectrodes have been proved to have great potential in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting application due to their broadband absorption and suitable energy-band position, while the surface/interface issues are still not clearly resolved and understood. Here, during the preparation of a silicon/hematite dual-absorber photoanode achieved via synthesizing a Sn-doped hematite film on the silicon nanowire (SiNW) substrate, we separately introduced the conformal overlayer and interlayer of an Al2O3 thin film by atomic layer deposition. With the thickness-optimized interlayer (overlayer) of the Al2O3 thin film, the photocurrent density at 1.23VRHE can be enhanced from 0.85 mA cm-2 to 1.51 mA cm-2 (1.25 mA cm-2), and the on-set potential has a cathodic shift of ∼0.32 V. Although both the overlayer and interlayer modification can substantially improve the PEC performance, the underlying mechanisms are obviously different. The overlayer can only reduce the carrier recombination on the top surface and in the bulk of the hematite film; in contrast, the interlayer not only passivates the SiNW surface and bottom surface of the hematite film, but also the top surface of the photoanode due to Al3+ thermal diffusion from the bottom to the top surface of the hematite film and the resultant Al2O3 formation. This work deepens our understanding for the roles of the surface and interface engineering in the achievement of high-performance PEC systems based on dual or more absorbers.
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Li T, Li X, Huang F, Tian Q, Fan ZY, Wu S. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Acupressure on Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8862399. [PMID: 33708260 PMCID: PMC7932783 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8862399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupressure on low back pain (LBP). METHODS We searched 7 electronic databases and 2 trial registries through December 28, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupressure on LBP were considered for meta-analysis with Revman 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to quantify the statistical reliability. HETRED analysis and GRADE were used to determine the heterogeneity and quality of the results, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-three RCTs representing 2400 participants were included. Acupressure was superior to tuina massage on response rate (RR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.35; P < 0.00001) and in the standardized mean difference (SMD) for pain reduction [SMD -1.92; 95% CI, -3.09 to -0.76; P=0.001]. Likewise, acupressure was superior to physical therapy [SMD, -0.88; 95% CI, -1.10 to -0.65; P < 0.00001] and to usual care [SMD, -0.32; 95% CI, -0.61 to -0.02; P=0.04] in pain reduction. The Oswestry Disability Index was significantly improved by acupressure compared with usual care [SMD, -0.55; 95% CI, -0.84 to -0.25; P=0.0003]. The combination of acupressure with either manual acupuncture or electro-acupuncture showed significant improvements over the adjuvant therapies alone in response rate [RR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.26; P < 0.00001], pain reduction, and the Japanese Orthopedic Association score (JOA). However, each study displayed substantial heterogeneity. Through subgroup sensitivity analysis and -HETRED analysis, the heterogeneity of acupressure compared with manual acupuncture decreased while the results maintained significance with respect to pain reduction [SMD -0.9; 95% CI, -1.21 to -0.6; P < 0.00001] and JOA [SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.98; P < 0.00001]. Similar results were obtained comparing acupressure with electro-acupuncture with respect to pain [SMD, -1.07; 95% CI, -1.33 to -0.81; P < 0.00001] and JOA [SMD, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.27, P < 0.00001]. TSA demonstrated the effectiveness of acupressure as a standalone or as a combinative treatment (with manual acupuncture or electro-acupuncture) for LBP. CONCLUSION Acupressure is an effective treatment for LBP. However, GRADE assessments downgraded the evidence in the trials, indicating that additional investigations are needed to confirm these observations.
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Zhu M, Zhu X, Wu S, Gao E. A WATER STABLE Cd(II) METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK FOR SENSING POLLUTANTS WITH A HIGH SELECTIVITY. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247662101011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shen X, Sha W, Yang C, Pan Q, Cohen T, Cheng S, Cai Q, Kan X, Zong P, Zeng Z, Tan S, Liang R, Bai L, Xia J, Wu S, Sun P, Wu G, Cai C, Wang X, Ai K, Liu J, Yuan Z. Continuity of TB services during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:81-83. [PMID: 33384053 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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