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Nair S, Kumari AK, Subramonianpillai J, Shabna DS, Kumar SM, Balakrishnan S, Naik B, Kumar AMV, Isaakidis P, Satyanarayana S. High prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among tuberculosis patients in peripheral health facilities in Kerala. Public Health Action 2015; 3:S38-42. [PMID: 26393068 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Two tertiary care hospitals and 12 peripheral health institutions (PHIs) in Trivandrum, Kerala, India. OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among tuberculosis (TB) patients and examine differences in the proportion of new DM cases among TB patients diagnosed at tertiary care centres and PHIs. DESIGN A descriptive study: TB patients diagnosed during March-September 2012 were screened for known DM. Those with unknown DM status were tested for random blood glucose and fasting blood glucose (FBG); FBG ≥ 126 mg/dl was diagnosed as new DM. RESULTS Of 920 TB patients, 689 (72%) were male and the mean (standard deviation) age was 47.6 (16.4) years. Of these, 298 (32.4%) were diabetic: 235 (26%) had previously known DM and 63 (7%) were newly diagnosed. During the screening at PHIs and tertiary care hospitals, respectively 30/183 (16.4%) and 33/737 (4.5%) were newly diagnosed with DM (OR 3.71; 95%CI 2.17-6.32). Overall, age >50 years and pulmonary tuberculosis were independently associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes. CONCLUSION As nearly one in three TB patients had DM, we recommend that TB patients should be routinely screened for DM in Kerala. As the proportion of new DM was higher among TB patients diagnosed at PHIs, we would recommend that specific attention and investment be directed to PHIs.
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Hodi F, Gibney G, Sullivan R, Sosman J, Slingluff C, Lawrence D, Logan T, Schuchter L, Nair S, Fecher L, Buchbinder E, Ruisi M, Kong G, Horak C, Weber J. 23LBA An open-label, randomized, phase 2 study of nivolumab (NIVO) given sequentially with ipilimumab (IPI) in patients with advanced melanoma (CheckMate 064). Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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103
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Crossan C, Nair S, Gunson R, Burns J, Smith-Palmer A, Johannessen I, Ramalingam S, Scobie L. Is the increase in Hepatitis E incidence in Scotland true or a reflection of testing patterns? J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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104
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Nasseri MA, Eder M, Nair S, Dean EC, Maier M, Zapp D, Lohmann CP, Knoll A. The introduction of a new robot for assistance in ophthalmic surgery. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:5682-5. [PMID: 24111027 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces the design and development of a new robotic system to assist surgeons performing ophthalmic surgeries. The robot itself is very compact and similar to an average human hand in size. Its primary application is intraocular micromanipulation in order to overcome the existing challenges in treatment of diseases like Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO). The novel hybrid mechanism designed for this robot allows microscale motions and is stable in the presence of vibrations common in operation room (OR). The robotic system can be easily integrated into standard operation rooms and does not require modification of conventional surgical tools. This compact microsurgical system is suitable for mounting on the patient's head and thereby, solves the problem of patient motion. The compatibility of the robotic system with a real world surgical setup was evaluated and confirmed in this work.
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Agarwala MK, George R, Sudarsanam TD, Chacko RT, Thomas M, Nair S. Clinical course of disseminated Kaposi sarcoma in a HIV and hepatitis B co-infected heterosexual male. Indian Dermatol Online J 2015. [PMID: 26225336 PMCID: PMC4513411 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.160271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) was first reported from India in 1993. Since then only 16 cases have been reported. Three of them had proven Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection. We report a case of disseminated KS in a heterosexual male from India with HIV, hepatitis B and HHV-8 infection. He was given six cycles of chemotherapy with liposomal doxorubicin over three months to which he showed a good response. The case highlights the clinical course and management of a HHV-8 positive disseminated KS in a patient co-infected with Hepatitis B and HIV.
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Patel B, Chacko G, Nair S, Anandan J, Chacko AG, Rajshekhar V, Turel M. Clinicopathological correlates of primary central nervous system lymphoma: experience from a tertiary care center in South India. Neurol India 2015; 63:77-82. [PMID: 25751474 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.152658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) constitute a rare group of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). AIM To study the clinical and immunophenotypic profile of patients with a PCNSL who presented between the years 2000 and 2013 in a tertiary care center in South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the clinical case records. INCLUSION CRITERIA Cases of PCNSL involving brain. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Cases of PCNSL involving the spinal cord, meninges and orbit as well as intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, lymphomas with evidence of systemic disease or secondary lymphomas. Archived slides and tissue blocks were retrieved. All cases had hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and immunohistochemistry for CD20, CD3, and MIB-1. Additional immunohistochemistry was performed for CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 on paraffin blocks with sufficient tissue. RESULTS There were a total of 73 cases with the mean age of presentation being 45.9 years (range 8-71 years) and with a male predominance (male: female (M:F) = 2.3:1). Headache was the commonest presenting complaint. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.6 weeks. All patients were immunocompetent. Most tumors were supratentorial in location. Out of 73 cases, 70 presented with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), two with a Burkitt's lymphoma, and one with a lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Only 51 of the DLBCL cases had sufficient tissue for additional studies. Non-germinal center was the most common phenotype seen in 65.7% (33/51) of cases. Germinal center B-cell (GCB) phenotype was seen in 18/51 cases (34.3%). CONCLUSION DLBCL constituted the majority of PCNSLs and although non-germinal center was the predominant phenotype, more than a third of the cases were of the GCB phenotype. As the germinal center phenotype is known to have a better prognosis, further studies to explore its relevance in the Asian population are indicated.
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Chatterjee M, Murthy V, Gupta T, Nair S, Nikam S, Kannan S. Effect of progressive resistive exercises on shoulder abduction range of motion in post operative oral cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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108
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Veluswamy S, Samuel S, Maiya A, Nair S. Metabolic equivalents of physical activities in Indians: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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109
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Nayak G, Vadinkar A, Nair S, Kalthur SG, D'Souza AS, Shetty PK, Mutalik S, Shetty MM, Kalthur G, Adiga SK. Sperm abnormalities induced by pre-pubertal exposure to cyclophosphamide are effectively mitigated byMoringa oleiferaleaf extract. Andrologia 2015; 48:125-36. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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110
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Dasgupta A, Saggurti N, Donta B, Battala M, Ghule M, Nair S, Ritter J, Silverman J, Raj A. Intimate partner violence and condom versus other modern contraception
use among married women in rural India. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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111
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Arora N, Nair S, Pai R, Nair S, Ahmed R, Abraham A, Viswabandya A, George B, Balasubramanian P, Srivastava A, Mathews V. V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations in hairy cell leukaemia. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2015; 58:62-5. [PMID: 25673595 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.151190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with distinct clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic features; however, there are many other B-cell lymphomas, which closely mimic HCL. Accurate diagnosis of HCL is important as treatment with 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (cladribine) is associated with >80% chance of complete cure. The recent description of BRAF p.V600E mutations in almost all HCL cases in various studies has not only improved the pathogenetic understanding of this entity but also increased the diagnostic accuracy of this disorder. AIM The aim of the study was to standardize a molecular test for diagnosis of HCL and compare with standard established morphological, cytochemical and immunophenotypic parameters for HCL diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The incidence of this mutation was sought in 20 patients with either classical HCL or HCL variant (HCLv) by Sanger sequencing and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. BRAF p.V600E mutation was present in all HCL cases and absent in the only HCLv case. RESULTS A high degree of correlation was noted between the presence of BRAF p.V600E and established diagnostic criteria in 20/20 patients with HCL/HCLv. Our data supports the observation that this mutation is present in all cases of HCL and is absent in HCLv. Hence, detection of the BRAF p. V600E mutation can be a useful adjunct in the diagnostic algorithm.
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Lee K, Takaki H, Yarmohammadi H, Srimathveeravalli G, Luchins K, Monette S, Nair S, Kishore S, Erinjeri J. Pleural puncture which excludes the ablation zone decreases the risk of pneumothorax after percutaneous microwave ablation in porcine lung. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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113
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Nair S, Takaki H, Thomas C, Lee K, Ziv E, Covey A, Sofocleous C, Solomon S, Erinjeri J. Image-guided thermal ablation of tumors increases the plasma level of hepatocyte growth factor. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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114
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Rakesh P, Alex RG, Varghese GM, Mathew P, David T, Manipadam MT, Nair S, Abraham OC. Kikuchi-fujimoto disease: clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome. J Glob Infect Dis 2014; 6:147-50. [PMID: 25538452 PMCID: PMC4265829 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.145234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is an uncommon disorder with worldwide distribution, characterized by fever and benign enlargement of the lymph nodes, primarily affecting young adults. Awareness about this disorder may help prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate investigations and treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of histopathologically confirmed cases of Kikuchi's disease from a tertiary care center in southern India. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all adult patients with histopathologically confirmed Kikuchi's disease from January 2007 to December 2011 in a 2700-bed teaching hospital in South India was done. The clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome were analyzed. Results: There were 22 histopathologically confirmed cases of Kikuchi's disease over the 5-year period of this study. The mean age of the subjects’ was 29.7 years (SD 8.11) and majority were women (Male: female- 1:3.4). Apart from enlarged cervical lymph nodes, prolonged fever was the most common presenting complaint (77.3%). The major laboratory features included anemia (54.5%), increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (31.8%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (27.2%) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (31.8%). Conclusion: Even though rare, Kikuchi's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young individuals, especially women, presenting with lymphadenopathy and prolonged fever. Establishing the diagnosis histopathologically is essential to avoid inappropriate investigations and therapy.
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Pethekar AJ, Nair S, Kunhikatta V, Sharma PSVN, Thunga G. Utilization Patterns of Antipsychotics Usage in Tertiary Care Hospital Patients with Schizophrenia. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A464. [PMID: 27201312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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116
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Kunhikatta V, Rau NR, Naik AN, Thunga G, Nair S, Yamsani B. Factors Affecting the Out-Come in Hospital Acquired Pneumonia. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A777. [PMID: 27202874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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117
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De Leon G, Nair S, Xie W, Drake J, Mitchell D. IT-06 * PERSONALIZED IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou258.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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118
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Shelke A, Yalagudri S, Saggu D, Goel S, Nair S, Narasimhan C. Radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A novel technique to reduce left ventricular outflow tract gradient. Indian Heart J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.10.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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119
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Papadopoulos T, Petridou E, Zdragas A, Nair S, Peters T, de Pinna E, Mandilara G, Passiotou M, Vatopoulos A. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar in Greece, from 2007 to 2010. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:149.e1-4. [PMID: 25658552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
All 120 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar isolated during 2007-2010 in Greece were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods. High rates of resistance to nalidixic acid (92%) and low levels of ciprofloxacin resistance (88%) were observed. Pulsenet-pulsed field gel electrophoresis profile SHADXB.0001 was predominant in Greece (58%) as in Europe but PT1, a rare phage type in Europe, was frequent in Greece (56%). The SHADXB.0001 and PT1 clone (38%) were found in humans, animals and food of animal origin with R-type ApSpTNxpCp being predominant (25%). The data indicate that this clone (possibly endemic) was circulating through the food chain in Greece during the study period.
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Nair S. Confirmation of Hb S detected on HPLC involves a three-tier process. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 37:428-9. [PMID: 25267216 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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121
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Rash NL, Robinson C, DeSouza N, Nair S, Hodgson H, Steward K, Waller AS, Paillot R. Prevalence and disease associations of superantigens szeF, szeN and szeP in the S. zooepidemicus population and possible functional redundancy of szeF. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:481-7. [PMID: 25267286 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) causes a variety of infections in a broad range of species. This study broadens prevalence data for three recently identified novel superantigens (szeF, szeN, and szeP) to define links between their presence and disease type. Screening of 437 strains across 190 sequence types (STs) revealed that 50% of strains contained superantigen genes. Results confirmed that the presence of S. zooepidemicus superantigen genes is significantly associated with non-Strangles lymph node abscessation in the horse (p-value = 0.003) and their absence is associated with uterine infection/abortion (p-value = 0.006). This study also investigated the lack of mitogenicity observed in szeF only. Results show that szeF is polymorphic, with 23 different alleles, and mutations altering the protein sequence. Gene expression differences are not responsible for lack of mitogenic activity in these strains. Taken together, these findings suggest that superantigens are important for S. zooepidemicus pathogenesis but SzeF probably has little involvement.
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Singh P, Nair S. Anatomy of the brain: T2 weighted magnetic resonance image, axial section. Assoc Med J 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g5595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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123
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Shahid A, Narayanan G, Nair S, Prem S. Prospective Study of Melphalan, Prednisolone and Lenalidomide in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu339.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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124
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Mohamed S, Shalaby S, Laknaur A, Nair S, Al-Hendy A. Tumour-targeted adenoviral vectors show enhanced efficacy against uterine fibroids in a murine model. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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125
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Kumar AMV, Satyanarayana S, Wilson NC, Chadha SS, Gupta D, Nair S, Zachariah R, Kapur A, Harries AD. Operational research leading to rapid national policy change: tuberculosis-diabetes collaboration in India. Public Health Action 2014; 4:85-8. [PMID: 26399204 PMCID: PMC4539043 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2011, bi-directional screening for tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), although how best to implement the activity was not clear. In India, with early engagement of national programme managers and all important stakeholders, a countrywide, multicentre operational research (OR) project was designed in October 2011 and completed in 2012. The results led to a rapid national policy decision to routinely screen all TB patients for DM in September 2012. The process, experience and enablers of implementing this unique and successful collaborative model of operational research are presented.
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