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Jen MH, Saxena S, Bottle A, Aylin P, Pollok RCG. Increased health burden associated with Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33:1322-31. [PMID: 21517920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection in hospitals in developed countries continues to be a major public health hazard despite increased control measures including review of antibiotic policies and hygiene measures. Patients with colitis are thought to be particularly vulnerable to C. difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD). Identifying the clinical burden among hospitalised patients admitted with inflammatory bowel disease is an essential first step towards identifying and treating severe C. difficile infection in such individuals. AIM To determine excess morbidity and in-hospital mortality associated with hospital acquired CDAD in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-CDAD-HAI) admitted to NHS hospitals in England compared with those admitted for inflammatory bowel disease alone. METHODS Time trends study of all admissions to NHS hospitals between 2002/03 and 2007/08. We developed case definitions for IBD-CDAD-HAI patients. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and length of stay. The secondary outcome was gastrointestinal surgery. RESULTS Patients in the IBD-CDAD-HAI group were more likely to die in hospital (adjusted OR 6.32), had 27.9 days longer in-patient stays and higher gastrointestinal surgery rates (adjusted OR 1.87) than patients admitted for inflammatory bowel disease alone. CONCLUSION Patients with inflammatory bowel disease admitted to NHS hospitals in England with co-existent C. difficile infection are at risk of greater in-hospital mortality and morbidity than patients admitted for inflammatory bowel disease alone.
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Chintamani, Gogne A, Khandewal R, Tandon M, Agarwal U, Saxena S. P339 The correlation of anxiety and depression levels with response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer – A prospective study. Breast 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(11)70275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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103
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Saxena D, Shukla S, Kumar K, Saxena R, Saxena S, Shukla S, Gupta V, Stephen R, Kumar H, Kumar L. Efficacy Studies of in vitro Screening of Antiplasmodial Activity by Crude Extracts of Diospyros melanoxylon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2011.312.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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104
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Taneja T, Saxena S, Aggarwal P, Reddy V. Fungal infections involving maxillary sinus - a difficult diagnostic task. J Clin Exp Dent 2011. [DOI: 10.4317/jced.3.e172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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105
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Ghai A, Hooda S, Saxena S, Garg N, Wadhera R. Addition of adenosine to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia does not prolong postoperative analgesia in vaginal hysterectomy. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2011.10872793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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106
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Koshy E, Murray J, Bottle A, Sharland M, Saxena S. Authors' response. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.154914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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107
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Saxena S, Shukla D, Saxena S, Khan YA, Singh M, Bansal A, Sairam M, Jain SK. Hypoxia preconditioning by cobalt chloride enhances endurance performance and protects skeletal muscles from exercise-induced oxidative damage in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 200:249-63. [PMID: 20384596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Training under hypoxia has several advantages over normoxic training in terms of enhancing the physical performance. Therefore, we tested the protective effect of hypoxia preconditioning by hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride against exercise-induced oxidative damage in the skeletal muscles and improvement of physical performance. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8), namely control, cobalt-supplemented, training and cobalt with training. The red gastrocnemius muscle was examined for all measurements, viz. free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and antioxidative capacity. RESULTS Hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt along with training significantly increased physical performance (33%, P<0.01) in rats compared with training-only rats. Cobalt supplementation activated cellular oxygen sensing system in rat skeletal muscle. It also protected against training-induced oxidative damage as observed by an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio (36%, P<0.001; 28%, P<0.01 respectively) and reduced lipid peroxidation (15%, P<0.01; 31%, P<0.01 respectively) in both trained and untrained rats compared with their respective controls. Cobalt supplementation along with training enhanced the expression of antioxidant proteins haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1; 1.2-fold, P<0.05) and metallothionein (MT; 4.8-fold, P<0.001) compared with training only. A marked reduction was observed in exercise-induced muscle fibre damage as indicated by decreased necrotic muscle fibre, decreased lipofuscin content of muscle and plasma creatine kinase level (16%, P<0.01) in rats preconditioned with cobalt. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong evidence that hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt chloride enhances physical performance and protects muscle from exercise-induced oxidative damage via GSH, HO-1 and MT-mediated antioxidative capacity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cobalt/pharmacology
- Creatine Kinase, MM Form/blood
- Cytoprotection
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/metabolism
- Lactic Acid/blood
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Lipofuscin/metabolism
- Male
- Metallothionein/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Diseases/etiology
- Muscular Diseases/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/pathology
- Muscular Diseases/physiopathology
- Muscular Diseases/prevention & control
- Necrosis
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Physical Endurance/drug effects
- Physical Exertion
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Charu, Gaind R, Singh L, Sinha A, Deb M, Saxena S. P05.03 High frequency of resistance to fluoroquinolones & cephalosporins in Gram negative bacteria in healthy neonates from community. J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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109
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Teoh WHL, Saxena S, Shah MK, Sia ATH. Comparison of three videolaryngoscopes: Pentax Airway Scope, C-MAC™, Glidescope® vs the Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation*. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:1126-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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110
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Jajoo M, Saxena S, Pandey M. Transplacentally acquired organophosphorus poisoning in a newborn: case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:137-9. [PMID: 20522300 DOI: 10.1179/146532810x12703902516202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A term neonate was born to a mother who had consumed an organophosphorus compound with suicidal intent 50 hours before delivery. At birth, the infant showed signs and symptoms of organophosphorus poisoning and was treated with atropine and pralidoxime to which she responded well. Unfortunately, the mother died despite appropriate treatment. This is only the second report documenting transplacental organophosphate poisoning.
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Shukla S, Saxena S, Thakur J, Gupta R. Immobilization of polygalacturonase fromAspergilus nigeronto glutaraldehyde activated Nylon-6 and its application in apple juice clarification. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.39.2010.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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112
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Saxena S, McBean D. An investigation into the effects of smoking on physical fitness parameters in adolescents. Br J Sports Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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113
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Saxena S, Chaudhaery SS, Varshney K, Saxena AK. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening and docking studies on Hsp90 inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 21:445-462. [PMID: 20818581 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2010.501817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hsp90 (Heat shock protein 90) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. To identify important chemical features for Hsp90 inhibitory activity, a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model was developed using a set of 61 inhibitors (a training set of 31 and a test set of 30 compounds) belonging to a series of 2-amino-6-halopurine and 7'-substituted benzothiazolothio- and pyridinothiazolothio-purines. The best HypoGen model consisted of five pharmacophoric features: one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), one hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and three hydrophobic (HY) groups. It showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.943) and low root mean square deviation (RMSD = 0.751). This model was validated against 30 known Hsp90 inhibitors, where it showed a high predictive value for R(2)pred = 0.805], thus confirming that HY, HBA and HBD features are essential for Hsp90 inhibition. The validated pharmacophore model (Hypo-1) was used as a 3D query for virtual screening to retrieve potential inhibitors from the Maybridge and National Cancer Institute (NCI) databases. The hit compounds were subsequently subjected to molecular docking studies and, finally, five hits were prioritized as potential leads based on GoldScore function.
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114
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Long J, Bongalhardo D, Pelaéz J, Saxena S, Settar P, O’Sullivan N, Fulton J. Rooster semen cryopreservation: Effect of pedigree line and male age on postthaw sperm function. Poult Sci 2010; 89:966-73. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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115
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Tyagi I, Agrawal U, Amitabh V, Jain AK, Saxena S. Thickness of glomerular and tubular basement membranes in preclinical and clinical stages of diabetic nephropathy. Indian J Nephrol 2010; 18:64-9. [PMID: 20142905 PMCID: PMC2813125 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.42336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to elucidate the early renal changes in diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without clinical symptoms related to renal damage. METHODS Renal biopsy was studied in 25 patients (14 with microalbuminuria and 11 with albuminuria) both by light and electron microscopies (LM and EM, respectively) for renal changes and morphometry was performed to study glomerular and tubular basement membranes (GBM and TBM, respectively) width using a Soft Imaging System GmBH (analysis 3). RESULTS A significant increase was noted in the mean GBM and TBM thickness in both the preclinical and clinical groups compared to the control group. The changes in the TBM were noted to be predominant in both preclinical and clinical patients. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the importance of morphometric evaluation of the GBM and TBM width in the elucidation of early renal damage in diabetic nephropathy, especially in the absence of LM changes. The significance of identification of early renal changes using morphometric techniques for better management of these patients requires further studies.
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116
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Pundir S, Saxena S, Aggrawal P. Oral submucous fibrosis a disease with malignant potential - Report of two Cases. J Clin Exp Dent 2010. [DOI: 10.4317/jced.2.e215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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117
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Fieve R, Saxena S, Gilbert M, Orlowski B. PW01-10 - Columbia University Lithium Archives Project: bridging the gap from laboratory evidence to clinical findings. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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118
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Kaushal M, Chattopadhyay I, Phukan R, Purkayastha J, Mahanta J, Kapur S, Saxena S. Contribution of germ line BRCA2 sequence alterations to risk of familial esophageal cancer in a high-risk area of India. Dis Esophagus 2010; 23:71-5. [PMID: 19473207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2009.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is very high in the northeast region of India. An earlier study from China and Iran suggested that mutations in BRCA2 gene may play a role in the etiology of familial ESCC. However, the frequency of BRCA2 gene germ line mutations and its contribution to risk of familial aggregation of ESCC in high-risk region of India are not known. In the current study of 317 cases of esophageal cancer, 92 (29%) cases had a family history of esophageal and/or other cancers. Of these 92 patients, 45 (49%) patients had a family history of esophageal cancer. The risk of developing esophageal cancer was higher in cases where family history showed occurrence of cancers in first-degree relatives (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1; confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-5.3) than in second-degree relatives (OR: 1.3; CI: 0.25-3.2). Moreover, the risk of developing esophageal cancer was higher in subjects whose predegree suffered from esophageal cancer (OR: 2.4; CI: 1.1-4.1) than from any other cancers (OR: 1.1; CI: 0.32-3.3). The subjects with family history of cancer were more likely to develop ESCC if they were tobacco chewers (OR: 4.2; CI: 2.1-5.8) and betel quid users (OR: 3.6; CI: 1.8-4.6). Screening for mutations of the BRCA2 gene in the germ line DNA was carried out for 20 familial and 80 nonfamilial ESCC patients. One hundred unrelated healthy controls from the same population were included in this study. Nonsynonymous variants in exon 18 (K2729N) and exon 27 (I3412V) of BRCA2 gene were found in 3 of 20 patients with familial ESCC. No sequence alterations were found in 80 nonfamilial ESCC cases (P=0.01) and 100 healthy controls (P=0.0037), suggesting that germ line BRCA2 gene mutation may play a role in familial aggregation of ESCC in high-risk region of India.
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119
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Saxena AK, Saxena S, Chaudhaery SS. Molecular modelling and docking studies on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 21:1-20. [PMID: 20373211 DOI: 10.1080/10629360903560504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP)-dependent molecular chaperone heat shock protein (Hsp90) is of current interest as a potential anticancer drug target. It has several oncogenic client proteins involved in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In order to identify essential chemical functional features for Hsp90 inhibition, a pharmacophore model consisting of one hydrogen bond donor, two hydrogen bond acceptor lipid and one hydrophobic feature has been developed using Hypogen (Catalyst 2.0 software) on a total set of 103 inhibitors consisting of 16 and 87 compounds in the training and the test set, respectively. The model shows good correlation for the training (r(2)= 0.887) and the test set ( [image omitted] = 0.692). In view of the X-ray data structure of Hsp90, GOLD 3.2 docking software was used to dock the 16 training set compounds. A good correlation (r(2)= 0.699) was observed between the experimental biological activity and the top-ranked Goldscore. The analysis of conserved patterns across the Hsp90 family, using the human Hsp90 X-ray structure as an alignment template, led to the identification of important amino acids involved in the ligand-binding interactions, which were found to be similar to those observed in docking studies. Hence, the best-generated pharmacophore model can be used for designing new Hsp90 inhibitors.
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120
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Sharan P, Gallo C, Gureje O, Lamberte E, Mari JJ, Mazzotti G, Patel V, Swartz L, Olifson S, Levav I, de Francisco A, Saxena S. Mental health research priorities in low- and middle-income countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Br J Psychiatry 2009; 195:354-63. [PMID: 19794206 PMCID: PMC3432479 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.050187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest a paucity of and lack of prioritisation in mental health research from low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries. AIMS To investigate research priorities in mental health among researchers and other stakeholders in LAMI countries. METHOD We used a two-stage design that included identification, through literature searches and snowball technique, of researchers and stakeholders in 114 countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean; and a mail survey on priorities in research. RESULTS The study identified broad agreement between researchers and stakeholders and across regions regarding research priorities. Epidemiology (burden and risk factors), health systems and social science ranked highest for type of research. Depression/anxiety, substance use disorders and psychoses; and children and adolescents, women, and people exposed to violence/trauma were prioritised among the disorders and population groups respectively. Important criteria for prioritising research were burden of disease, social justice, and availability of funds. Stakeholder groups differed in the importance they gave to the personal interest of researchers as a criterion for prioritising research. Researchers' and stakeholders' priorities were consistent with burden of disease estimates, however suicide was underprioritised compared with its burden. Researchers' and stakeholders' priorities were also largely congruent with the researchers' projects. CONCLUSIONS The results of this first ever conducted survey of researchers and stakeholders regarding research priorities in mental health suggest that it should be possible to develop consensus at regional and international levels regarding the research agenda that is necessary to support health system objectives in LAMI countries.
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122
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Gortchacow M, Saxena S, Wettstein M, Pioletti D, Terrier A. Measuring micromotion around a loaded hip stem using μCT imaging. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10255840903080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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124
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Moises T, Wüller S, Saxena S, Senderek J, Weis J, Krüttgen A. Proteasomal inhibition alters the trafficking of the neurotrophin receptor TrkA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:360-4. [PMID: 19607811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophin receptors of the Trk family promote neuronal survival. The signal transduction of Trk receptors is regulated by endosomal trafficking. Monoubiquitination of receptor tyrosine kinases is an established signal for sorting of internalized receptors to late endosomes. The NGF receptor TrkA is sorted to late endosomes and undergoes ubiquitination, indicating a so far undefined regulatory role of proteasomal activity in the trafficking of TrkA. Surprisingly, we found that proteasomal inhibition alters the trafficking of TrkA from the late endosomal sorting pathway to the recycling pathway. Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with impaired proteasomal activity. Thus, our study suggests that missorting of neurotrophic receptors might contribute to neuronal death in those neurodegenerative diseases that are known to be associated with impaired proteasomal function.
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