Anomalous magnetization behaviour in a single crystal of vanadium spinel FeV2O4

Spinel oxide FeV2O4, having the orbital degrees of freedom at Fe(2+) and V(3+) ions, exhibits multi-step magnetic phase transitions and successive structural phase transitions at low temperatures. In order to clarify the magnetic properties of FeV2O4, we have measured the temperature dependence of magnetization, isothermal magnetization curves and specific heat using a single crystal of FeV2O4. Temperature-induced magnetization jumps below the 110 K were observed in the zero-field-cooled magnetization curves. Furthermore, we found that the behaviours of the isothermal magnetization curves were quite different between the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled conditions. We suggest that the change of the magnetic domain structure under the magnetic field associated with the orbital states of Fe(2+) ions is the possible origin of these intriguing and anomalous magnetic properties in a single crystal of FeV2O4.

Effects of a difference in respiratory cycle between treatment planning and irradiation for phase-controlled rescanning and carbon pencil beam scanning

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of variation in respiratory cycle between treatment planning and irradiation for pencil beam scanning and phase-controlled rescanning (PCR) on the resulting dose distribution, we conducted a simulation study based on four-dimensional CT (4DCT) data for lung cancer patients.

METHODS

4DCT data were acquired for seven patients with lung tumours. Treatment planning was designed to ensure the delivery of 95% of the prescribed dose to the clinical target volume in respective phases of the 4DCT by taking account of intrafractional beam range variations. Carbon ion pencil beam scanning dose distributions were calculated for various respiratory cycles that differed from the reference respiration (=4.4 s) but which stayed regular during irradiation. The number of rescannings was changed to 1, 4 or 8 times. PCR was correlated with the gating window in treatment planning to calculate the beam weighting map.

RESULTS

8×PCR improved dose conformation to the target for all irradiation respiratory cycles. Minimum dose (Dmin) and lowest dose encompassing 95% of the target (D95) values with 4×PCR were decreased from 94.1% and 98.1% to 88.4% and 93.5% with an altered irradiation respiratory cycle of 2.4 s. However, these values were improved with 8×PCR to over 94.9% for Dmin and 98.6% for D95 for respective irradiation respiratory cycles.

CONCLUSION

Pencil beam scanning treatment with eight or more PCRs consistently improved dose conformation for moving lung targets even when different respiratory cycles were used for treatment planning and irradiation.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE

Scanning treatment with eight or more rescannings consistently improved dose homogeneity to a moving target even though respiratory cycles varied during treatment.

Speciation in ninespine stickleback: reproductive isolation and phenotypic divergence among cryptic species of Japanese ninespine stickleback

Although similar patterns of phenotypic diversification are often observed in phylogenetically independent lineages, differences in the magnitude and direction of phenotypic divergence have been also observed among independent lineages, even when exposed to the same ecological gradients. The stickleback family is a good model with which to explore the ecological and genetic basis of parallel and nonparallel patterns of phenotypic evolution, because there are a variety of populations and species that are locally adapted to divergent environments. Although the patterns of phenotypic divergence as well as the genetic and ecological mechanisms have been well characterized in threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, we know little about the patterns of phenotypic diversification in other stickleback lineages. In eastern Hokkaido, Japan, there are three species of ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius tymensis and the freshwater type and the brackish-water type of the P. pungitius-P. sinensis species complex. They utilize divergent habitats along coast-stream gradients of rivers. Here, we investigated genetic, ecological and phenotypic divergence among three species of Japanese ninespine sticklebacks. Divergence in trophic morphology and salinity tolerance occurred in the direction predicted by the patterns observed in threespine sticklebacks. However, the patterns of divergence in armour plate were different from those previously found in threespine sticklebacks. Furthermore, the genetic basis of plate variation may differ from that in threespine sticklebacks. Because threespine sticklebacks are well-established model for evolutionary research, the sympatric trio of ninespine sticklebacks will be an invaluable resource for ecological and genetic studies on both common and lineage-specific patterns of phenotypic diversification.

Electronic phase transition and an anomalous ordered phase in Ba2Ti13O22 with 3d1 ions on a triangle-based lattice

We found that Ba(2)Ti(13)O(22) with Ti(3+) (3d(1)) ions on a triangle-based lattice exhibits a phase transition at T(c)~200 K, below which the increase of electrical resistivity and decrease of magnetic susceptibility were observed. Transmission electron microscopy and optical reflectivity measurements indicate that the low-temperature phase of the present compound shares characteristics in common with a charge-density-wave state with remnant carriers, although a commensurate wave vector of the modulation and a linear temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility below T(c) suggest an exotic ordered state.

Can high-resolution ultrasound avoid the sentinel lymph-node biopsy procedure in the staging process of patients with stage I-II cutaneous melanoma?

PURPOSE

The objective of our study was to define the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasound (US) in detecting nodal involvement before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with cutaneous melanoma, to define the sonographic criteria used to assess nodal metastases, and to establish if high-resolution US can directly select patients to radical lymphadenectomy, sparing selective lymphadenectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

623 patients underwent high-resolution US of the regional lymph nodes, 24 hours prior being submitted to the sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure. The US findings were compared with histological findings.

RESULTS

In 14.7 % out of 122 excised lymph nodes, high-resolution US showed sonographic features consistent with malignant involvement before the surgical step. US scan sensitivity and specificity were 15 and 100 %, respectively, since positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 87 % respectively.

CONCLUSION

US is an effective modality in the presurgical detection of subclinical deposits within sentinel lymph nodes. However, preoperative staging work-up with high-resolution US cannot substitute the SLNB, mainly because of low sensitivity due to missing many micrometastases.

Partial splenic artery embolization for thrombocytopenia and uncontrolled massive ascites after liver transplantation

Thrombocytopenia (platelet < 60,000/mm(3)) and uncontrolled massive ascites (ascitic fluid > 1000 mL/d over 10 days) after liver transplantation (OLT), although uncommon, usually represent serious complications. Splenectomy is a useful treatment despite its many side effects. Recently, partial splenic artery embolization (PSAE) is considered to be a nonsurgical, less invasive treatment. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the results of PSAE after OLT. Between October 2008 and February 2010, 11 patients underwent PSAE after OLT due to thrombocytopenia (n = 6) or refractory ascites (RA; n = 5). Six patients (54.5%) were males and 3 (27.3%) were children. The primary liver disease was virus-related liver cirrhosis (n = 6), biliary atresia (n = 3), fulminant hepatitis (n = 1), or alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 1). Seven grafts were from living and four from deceased donors. The major axial size of spleen was 12.1 to 23.4 cm and its average embolized volume, 76.4% (range = 70%-80%). As the result, the platelet count significantly increased after PSAE in all patients maintaining values greater than 100,000/mm(3) in four thrombocytopenic patients (66.7%). Cases of RA showed marked decreases after PSAE (100%). The follow-up was 6 to 28 months. After PSAE, patients experienced abdominal pain (n = 9, 81.8%), fever (n = 2, 18.2%), and abdominal distension (n = 2, 18.2%). However, there was no serious complication after PSAE such as splenic abscess, rupture, pancreatic infarction, sepsis, or death. In conclusion, PSAE was effective and safe and can be the choice for thrombocytopenia or RA related to hypersplenism after OLT.

PP083. Clinic and out-of-clinic blood pressure changes during pregnancy by parity: Boshi study

INTRODUCTION

Nulliparity is believed to be one of the risk factors for hypertension during pregnancy. However, the relationship between parity and out-of-clinic blood pressure during pregnancy is still unknown.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinic blood pressure and blood pressure measured at home during pregnancy among nulliparous and multiparous women.

METHODS

This study was a prospective cohort study. We examined blood pressure measured in the clinic and at home among 530 normotensive pregnant women who received antenatal care at a maternity hospital in Japan. Clinic blood pressures were obtained by duplicate measurements at each antenatal care visit. The participants were also required to measure their own blood pressures every morning at home while they were pregnant. A linear mixed model was used for analysis of the blood pressure course throughout pregnancy [1]. The SAS package (version 9.2) was used for the statistical analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 315 nulliparous and 215 multiparous women were entered into this study (mean ages 30.1±4.6years and 33.0±4.1years, respectively). Clinic blood pressure during pregnancy among nulliparous women was significantly higher than that among multiparous women (P=0.02/P<0.0001 for systolic/diastolic blood pressure), whereas there were no significant differences in blood pressure measured at home during pregnancy between them (P=0.42/P=0.22 for systolic/diastolic blood pressure).

CONCLUSION

Out-of-clinic blood pressure levels during pregnancy have been shown not to differ between nulliparous and multiparous women, while clinic blood pressure during pregnancy among nulliparous women is higher than that among multiparous women.