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Jung Y, Alam S, Li Z, Dhar A, Giles D, Giles IP, Sahu JK, Poletti F, Grüner-Nielsen L, Richardson DJ. First demonstration and detailed characterization of a multimode amplifier for Space Division Multiplexed transmission systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:B952-B957. [PMID: 22274124 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.00b952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of a multimode (two mode-group) erbium-doped fiber amplifier for Space Division Multiplexed (SDM) applications and demonstrate various design and performance features of such devices. In particular we experimentally demonstrate that differential modal gains can be controlled and reduced both by fiber design and control of the pump field distribution. Using a suitably designed fiber we demonstrate simultaneous modal gains of ~20 dB for different pair-wise combinations of spatial and polarization modes in an EDFA supporting amplification of 6 distinct modes.
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Qadri Q, Sameer AS, Shah ZA, Hamid A, Alam S, Manzoor S, Siddiqi MA. Genetic polymorphism of the glutathione-S-transferase P1 gene (GSTP1) and susceptibility to prostate cancer in the Kashmiri population. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:3038-45. [PMID: 22180037 DOI: 10.4238/2011.december.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is a critical enzyme of the phase II detoxification pathway. One of the common functional polymorphisms of GSTP1 is A→G at nucleotide 313, which results in an amino acid substitution (Ile105Val) at the substrate binding site of GSTP1 and reduces catalytic activity of GSTP1. To investigate the GSTP1 Ile105Val genotype frequency in prostate cancer cases in the Kashmiri population, we designed a case-control study, in which 50 prostate cancer cases and 45 benign prostate hyperplasia cases were studied for GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism, compared to 80 controls taken from the general population, employing the PCR-RFLP technique. We found the frequency of the three different genotypes of GSTP1 Ile105Val in our ethnic Kashmir population, i.e., Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val, to be 52.4, 33.3 and 14.3% among prostate cancer cases, 48.5, 37.5 and 14% among benign prostate hyperplasia cases and 73.8, 21.3 and 5% in the control population, respectively. There was a significant association between the GSTP1 Ile/Val genotype and the advanced age group among the cases. We conclude that GSTP1 Ile/Val polymorphism is involved in the risk of prostate cancer development in our population.
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Alam S, Wang J, Janciauskiene S, Mahadeva R. S51 Reducing intracellular aggregation and improving the secretion of Z alpha-1 antitrypsin. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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104
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Santhanakrishnan K, Alam S, Parmar J, Mahadeva R. S54 Polymers of Z 1-antitrypsin are associated with pulmonary infection post lung transplantation. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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105
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Vitfell-Pedersen J, Basu B, Moreno V, Tjokrowidjaja A, Puglisi M, Shah K, Malvankar S, Alam S, Molife R, Banerji U. 1232 POSTER Creatinine Clearance (CrCI) as a Predictive Marker for the Risk of Toxicity From Molecularly Targeted Agents (MTA) in Phase I Trials. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alam S, Cantwell M, Cardwell C, Gavin A, Murray L. O6-2.4 Early life exposures and the development of testicular cancer in Northern Ireland: a retrospective birth-cohort study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976b.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Alam S, Katakura Y, Yoshida H, Kim EH, Shirahata S. Improvement of a method to reproducibly immortalize human T cells by oncogene transfection. Cytotechnology 2011; 33:71-81. [PMID: 19002813 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008171109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The method to immortalize human T cells efficiently and reproduciblyby oncogene transfection was improved. T cells were first grown selectively from peripheralblood lymphocytes population of healthy donors andatopic asthma patients, and from lymph nodelymphocytes population of lung cancer patients byactivating with mitogens (phytohemagglutinin andconcanavalin A) and recombinant human interleukin-2(rhIL-2) for five days. Plasmids expressingoncogenes, such as c-Ha-ras, c-myc,c-fos, v-myb and v-jun under the controlof human cytomegalovirus promoter, were then introducedinto these stimulated lymphocytes either separately orin various combinations by electropolation. Afterculturing these transfected lymphocytes for recoveryfor 1 day, they were fed every 3-4 days. Although all the control cells died within one month,oncogene-transfected lymphocytes continued toproliferate actively even for more than severalmonths, indicating that oncogene-transfectedlymphocytes were successfully immortalized. Flowcytometric analyses revealed that most of theimmortalized lymphocytes were T cells expressingCD3(+) surface antigen. The ratios of CD4(+)and CD8(+) subpopulations in immortalized T cellsderived from healthy donors varied, depending onthe kinds of oncogenes used. However, CD8(+)subpopulation in immortalized T cells derived fromcancer patients and atopic asthma patients weredominant, independent of the kinds of oncogenes. These immortalized T cells showed differentproliferative responses in the presence or absence ofexogenous human rhIL-2, depending on their origin ofdonors. Furthermore, immortalized T cells derivedfrom healthy donors showed stronger cytotoxicityagainst K562 cells, suggesting that MHC-nonrestrictedkiller T cells in T cell population were alsoimmortalized. Immortalized T cell lines, whichproliferate continuously without stimulation of amitogen or antigen in medium containing a lowconcentration of rhIL-2, have been maintained for morethan 2 years without any growth rate decrease.
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Shah SA, Hashmi M, Alam S. Effect of aligning magnetic field on the magnetic and calorimetric properties of ferrimagnetic bioactive glass ceramics for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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109
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Runau F, Ali M, Healy P, DaSilva I, Alam S, Kaushik M, Shokuhi S. Factors affecting seroma collection by suction drainage post-mastectomy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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110
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Yang G, Holl T, Liu Y, Li Y, Lu X, Nicely N, Kepler T, Alam S, Liao HX, Spicer L, Haynes B, Kelsoe G. Identification of a conserved self-antigen bearing the 2F5 neutralizing epitope of the HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region (105.2). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.105.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the efficient generation of neutralizing HIV-1 antibody may be proscribed by immunological tolerance. The majority of monoclonal human antibodies, including 2F5, that neutralize multiple clades of HIV-1 are polyreactive and bind avidly to mammalian cells. Introduction and expression of the 2F5 VDJ rearrangement in knock-in mice results in a B-cell developmental blockade that is characteristic of immunological tolerance. If immunological tolerance does prevent regular expression of neutralizing 2F5-like antibody, then discrete autoantigens that structurally mimic the HIV-1 2F5 epitope are present in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that the 2F5 antibody precipitates a small number of proteins from mouse and human cells, including a major component with a molecular mass of about 50 kDa. We have identified this 50 kDa protein as kynureninase (KYNU), a conserved component of tryptophan metabolism. Remarkably, the conserved H3 domain of mammalian KYNU contains the core 2F5 epitope (ELDKWA), and mutation within this region greatly diminishes 2F5 binding. The 2F5 antibody and its inferred, unmutated precursor bind KYNU with high affinity and specificity. Indeed, recombinant human KYNU is an effective inhibitor of 2F5 binding to HIV-1 envelope. The nature of KYNU as autoantigen was previously unknown and our study suggests that mimicry of self-antigens may represent a general evolutionary strategy of viral pathogens.
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Lynch H, Stewart S, Riebe K, Kepler T, Alam S, Sempowski G. Qualitative and quantitative parameters predict functional humoral response to alum-adjuvanted immunization. (52.4). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.52.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Adjuvants are crucial vaccine components for enhancing immune response to immunogens. Many potential adjuvant materials have been studied for their ability to augment the response to antigens while maintaining low toxicity. A US FDA approved adjuvant routinely used in humans is alum. The aim of this study was to comprehensively measure the ways in which innate immune signals induced by alum manifest in terms of the effect on the adaptive immune response to recombinant protective antigen (PA) from Bacillus anthracis. C57Bl/6 mice were given a single subcutaneous immunization with PA +/- alum at the base of each limb. Serum and draining lymph nodes were collected after immunization (days 1-70). On day 71, saline or PA only boost was administered, followed by additional serum and tissue collection (days 78-85). Using multi-color immunohistochemistry it was shown beginning day 10 that alum induces a rapid and strong germinal center response in the draining lymph node. This observation correlates with quantitative and qualitative changes in PA-specific antibody assessed by ELISA and Biacore (SPR). In addition, augmented antibody response to PA+alum resulted in increased antibody functionality, as determined by anthrax toxin neutralization assays. This study demonstrates a novel multi-parameter approach to evaluation of antigen-specific responses to immunization and the impact of adjuvants. This approach will be useful in the development and testing of novel adjuvants.
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Alam S, Suzuki T, Katayama T. Absolute Configuration of Syringylglycerol-8-O-4’-(Sinapyl Alcohol) Ethers, Neolignans as Well as Lignin Substructure Dimeric Compounds in Higher Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2011.157.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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113
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Alam S, Li Z, Mahadeva R. S60 Cigarette smoke induced oxidation of -1 antitrypsin amplifies the pulmonary inflammatory response. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150938.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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114
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Alam S, Li Z, Janciauskiene S, Mahadeva R. S61 Cigarette smoke promotes polymerisation of Z 1-antitrypsin. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150938.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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115
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Vitfell-Pedersen J, Karapanagiotou E, Alam S, Puglisi M, Britton L, Sassi S, Mansfield D, Yap T, De-Bono J, Harrington K. 45 Preliminary results of a phase 1 study of intravenous administration of GL-ONC1 vaccinia virus including green-fluorescent protein real time imaging in patients with advanced cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Imam F, Anwer M, Iqbal M, Alam S, Khayyam K, Sharma M. Tuberculosis: Brief Overview and its Shifting Paradigm for Management in India. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.755.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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117
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Alam S, Li H, Martin D, Zampetaki A, Hu Y, Xu Q, Zeng L. BAS/BSCR26 Histone deacetylase 3 protects endothelial cells from inflammation via regulation of galectin 9 expression. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.205781.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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118
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Israr M, Mitchell D, Alam S, Dinello D, Kishel JJ, Meyers C. The HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) alters the growth, differentiation and proliferation of primary gingival epithelium. HIV Med 2010; 12:145-56. [PMID: 20722750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir on gingival epithelium growth, integrity and differentiation. METHODS Organotypic (raft) cultures of gingival keratinocytes were established and treated with a range of lopinavir/ritonavir concentrations. To examine the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on gingival epithelium growth and stratification, haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. To investigate the effect of this drug on tissue integrity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on untreated and drug-treated tissues. Further, immunohistochemical analysis of raft cultures was performed to assess the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on the expression of key differentiation and proliferation markers including cytokeratins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin A. RESULTS Lopinavir/ritonavir treatments drastically inhibited the growth of gingival epithelium when the drug was present throughout the growth period of the tissue. When the drug was added on day 8 of tissue growth, lopinavir/ritonavir treatments compromised tissue integrity over time and altered the proliferation and differentiation of gingival keratinocytes. Expression of cytokeratins 5, 14, 10 and 6, PCNA and cyclin A was induced, and their expression patterns were also altered over time in treated rafts. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our studies suggest that lopinavir/ritonavir treatments compromised tissue integrity over time and deregulated the cell cycle/proliferation and differentiation pathways, resulting in abnormal epithelial repair and proliferation. Our study provides a model of potential utility in studying the effects of antiretroviral drugs in vitro.
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Agrawal V, Vishnoi S, Zaidi MGH, Alam S, Rai AK. Synthesis and Properties of [60] Fullerene-Polymethyl Methacrylate Conjugates in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10236661003758913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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120
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Uddin G, Shoeb D, Solaiman S, Marley R, Gore C, Ramsay M, Harris R, Ushiro-Lumb I, Moreea S, Alam S, Thomas HC, Khan S, Watt B, Pugh RN, Ramaiah S, Jervis R, Hughes A, Singhal S, Cameron S, Carman WF, Foster GR. Prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis in people of south Asian ethnicity living in England: the prevalence cannot necessarily be predicted from the prevalence in the country of origin. J Viral Hepat 2010; 17:327-35. [PMID: 20002307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in immigrant communities is unknown. Immigrants from south Asia are common in England and elsewhere, and the burden of viral hepatitis in these communities is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of viral hepatitis in immigrants from south Asia living in England, and we therefore undertook a community-based testing project in such people at five sites in England. A total of 4998 people attending community centres were screened for viral hepatitis using oral fluid testing. The overall prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people of south Asian origin was 1.6% but varied by country of birth being 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.6% and 2.7% in people of this ethnic group born in the UK, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was 1.2%-0.2%, 0.1%, 1.5% and 1.8% in people of this ethnic group born in the UK, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, respectively. Analysis of risk factors for HCV infection shows that people from the Pakistani Punjab and those who have immigrated recently are at increased risk of infection. Our study suggests that migrants from Pakistan are at highest risk of viral hepatitis, with those from India at low risk. As prevalence varies both by country and region of origin and over time, the prevalence in migrant communities living in western countries cannot be easily predicted from studies in the country of origin.
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Weber S, Watermann N, Jossinet J, Byrne J, Chantrey J, Alam S, So K, Bush J, O'Kane S, McAdams E. Remote Wound Monitoring of Chronic Ulcers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 14:371-7. [DOI: 10.1109/titb.2010.2042605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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122
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Chen K, Malo M, Beasley-Topliffe L, Poelstra K, Millan J, Mostafa G, Alam S, Ramasamy S, Warren H, Hohmann E, Hodin R. A Role for Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase in the Maintenance of Local Gut Immunity. J Surg Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.11.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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123
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Alam S, Hong J, Weigand WA. Effect of yeast extract on alpha-amylase synthesis by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 33:780-5. [PMID: 18587980 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260330616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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124
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Alam S, Iqbal Z, Ali A, Khar RK, Ahmad FJ, Akhter S, Talegaonkar S. Microemulsion as a Potential Transdermal Carrier for Poorly Water Soluble Antifungal Drug Itraconazole. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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125
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Macey MG, Bevan S, Alam S, Verghese L, Agrawal S, Beski S, Thuraisingham R, MacCallum PK. Platelet activation and endogenous thrombin potential in pre-eclampsia. Thromb Res 2009; 125:e76-81. [PMID: 19822350 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelets and the coagulation system may be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. We investigated whether platelet and coagulation activation markers, are elevated in pre-eclampsia. MATERIALS/METHODS Case-control study in which activated platelets, platelet-monocyte/ neutrophil aggregates, platelet microparticles (measured by flow cytometry) and four markers of thrombin generation capacity (endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), peak height, lag time and time to peak) using the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram system were assessed in pregnant women of similar gestational age with (n=46) and without (n=46) pre-eclampsia, and in healthy non-pregnant women (n=42). RESULTS The percentage of, CD62P+ platelets (p=0.013), CD62P+ platelet microparticles (p=0.029) and platelet-monocyte aggregates (p=0.019) were significantly higher in women with pre-eclampsia than the pregnant controls. Both groups of pregnant women had significantly higher ETP and peak height (p <0.001) than the healthy non pregnant group and the women with pre-eclampsia had significantly higher ETP and peak height (p<0.001) than the normotensive pregnant controls. CONCLUSION In the most comprehensive laboratory analysis to date, we found evidence of both platelet and coagulation activation in women with pre-eclampsia.
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