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Kawasumi K, Yamamoto M, Koide M, Okada Y, Mori N, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Aging effect on plasma metabolites and hormones concentrations in riding horses. Open Vet J 2015. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2015.v5.i2.p154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Age effects on plasma metabolites, hormone concentrations, and enzyme activities related to energy metabolism were investigated in 20 riding horses. Animals were divided into two groups: young (3-8 years) and aged (11-18 years). They were clinically healthy, and not obese. Plasma adiponectin (ADN) concentrations in aged horses were significantly lower than those in young horses (mean±SE, 6.5±1.3 µg mL-1 vs, 10.9±1.7 µg mL-1, Mann-Whitney U test, respectively; P=0.0233). Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels and Insulin and malondialdehyde concentrations in aged group tended to increase compared to those in young group although there were not significant differences statistically. In aged group, malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio, which is considered an energy metabolic indicator, did not change significantly compared to that in young group. Present data suggest that aging may negatively affect nutrition metabolism, but not induce remarkable changes in M/L ratio in riding horses.
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Kawasumi K, Yamamoto M, Koide M, Okada Y, Mori N, Yamamoto I, Arai T. Aging effect on plasma metabolites and hormones concentrations in riding horses. Open Vet J 2015; 5:154-7. [PMID: 26623382 PMCID: PMC4663796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age effects on plasma metabolites, hormone concentrations, and enzyme activities related to energy metabolism were investigated in 20 riding horses. Animals were divided into two groups: Young (3-8 years) and aged (11-18 years). They were clinically healthy, and not obese. Plasma adiponectin (ADN) concentrations in aged horses were significantly lower than those in young horses (mean±SE, 6.5±1.3 µg mL(-1) vs, 10.9±1.7 µg mL(-1), Mann-Whitney U test, respectively; P=0.0233). Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels and Insulin and malondialdehyde concentrations in aged group tended to increase compared to those in young group although there were not significant differences statistically. In aged group, malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio, which is considered an energy metabolic indicator, did not change significantly compared to that in young group. Present data suggest that aging may negatively affect nutrition metabolism, but not induce remarkable changes in M/L ratio in riding horses.
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Takahashi M, Arai T. Fluorescence sensing system by Soret-band LED light excitation for estimating relative talaporfin sodium concentration in skin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:586-94. [PMID: 25220883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to establish a sensing system to estimate relative talaporfin sodium concentration in skin to evaluate the risk of skin photosensitivity after photodynamic therapy (PDT) using percutaneous fluorescence spectroscopy. A prototype fluorescence sensing probe was made using a pair of 5-cm-long diffuse tips of plastic optical fibers for excitation light irradiation and fluorescence collection. Talaporfin sodium (2.5mg/kg) was intravenously administrated to three pigs, and the talaporfin sodium concentration in plasma was measured. The fluorescence sensing probe was attached to the skin and excited by a LED light with a peak wavelength of 409 ± 16 nm to obtain the mean area of the talaporfin sodium fluorescence spectral peak (Sfluo). The time history of the talaporfin sodium concentration in tissue was estimated using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The time history of Sfluo was described as a composite function of the time history of the measured talaporfin sodium concentration in plasma and that of the estimated concentration in tissue as a double exponential decay function. The relative talaporfin sodium concentration in tissue and the relative contributions of fluorescence from tissue and plasma to Sfluo were estimated by the fluorescence system with the numerical pharmacokinetic model. Results also show that tissue compression equivalent to venous pressure might be effective to suppress the contribution of talaporfin sodium fluorescence in plasma.
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Kondo M, Arai T, Nishi Y, Furuya M, Kanai T, Morita R, Uchiyama Y, Satake M, Shirakawa K, Nauchi Y, Koyama T, Ishikawa K, Suzuki S. Early construction and operation of the highly contaminated water treatment system in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (IV) - Assessment of hydrogen behavior in stored Cs adsorption vessel. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2014.921581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kato T, Yamagata Y, Arai T, Ichishima E. Purification of a New Extracellular 90–kDa Serine Proteinase with Isoelectric Point of 3.9 fromBacillus subtilis(natto) and Elucidation of Its Distinct Mode of Action. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 56:1166-8. [PMID: 1368833 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new extracellular 90-kDa serine proteinase with an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.9 was purified from Bicillus subtilis (natto). Microheterogeneity was detected in the 50-kDa protease of bacillopeptidase F with pI 4.4 reported previously by Wu et al. and the sequence for the first 25 amino acids in the internal region of the enzyme was analyzed: ATDGVEWNVDQIDAPKAWALGYDGA. The cleavage sites in the oxidized B-chain of insulin by the proteinase were CySO3H7-Gly8, Val12-Glu13, Try16-Leu17, and Phe25-Tyr26. The activity was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and chymostatin, while the activity was not inhibited by proteinaceous Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) or alpha 2-macroglubulin.
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Miyazawa H, Arai T. V-083 * INSTRUCTIVE VIDEO FOR ANATOMICAL SEGMENTECTOMY OF THE LUNG USING INTRAOPERATIVE VIDEO AND COMPUTER GRAPHIC ANIMATION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hamano Y, Kida H, Nishikawa H, Tripathi L, Ihara S, Arai T, Hirose M, Tada Y, Suenaga T, Mori M, Yano Y, Arase H, Mizuguchi K, Sakaguchi S, Inoue Y, Kumanogoh A. AB1025 Identification of Anti-Myxovirus Resistance Protein-1 Autoantibody as A Specific Marker for Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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108
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Hashimoto Y, Asai T, Arai T, Okuda Y. Effect of cricoid pressure on placement of the I-gel™ : a randomised study. Anaesthesia 2014; 69:878-82. [PMID: 24866121 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied 40 adult patients to see if cricoid pressure affected placement of the I-gel(™). In a randomised crossover design, the i-gel was placed with and without cricoid pressure, and we compared the success rate of adequate ventilation through the i-gel, time to placement and the rate of optimal position of the device between the two circumstances. Cricoid pressure significantly decreased the success rate of adequate ventilation through the i-gel (40 vs 34 patients) (p = 0.041, 95% CI for difference 4-26%), and significantly decreased the rate of the optimal position (39 vs 17 patients) (p < 0.001). The time to achieve adequate ventilation was significantly longer (p < 0.001) with cricoid pressure than without (median difference 8 s; 95% CI for median difference 3-12 s). Cricoid pressure significantly decreases the success rate of ventilation through the i-gel, but the success rate of ventilation through the i-gel is reasonably high.
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Ishii E, Shimizu A, Kuwahara N, Kanzaki G, Higo S, Kajimoto Y, Arai T, Nagasaka S, Masuda Y, Fukuda Y. Hepatic artery reconstruction prevents ischemic graft injury, inhibits graft rejection, and mediates long-term graft acceptance in rat liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:1748-53. [PMID: 23769037 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic artery (HA) reconstruction is performed in the clinical liver transplantation. METHODS We assessed the importance of HA reconstruction in the success of liver transplantation. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed without immunosspression from Lewis (RT1l) to Lewis rats (syngeneic transplantation) as well as Lewis to BN (RT1n) rats (allogeneic transplantation) with or without HA reconstruction. We examined graft function, pathology, and mRNA levels using DNA arrays in both arterialized and nonarterialized liver grafts. RESULTS In Lewis-to-Lewis syngeneic grafts, both the arterialized and nonarterialized grafts survived >120 days with normal graft function. lnfiltration of CD3(+) T cells and CD68(+) macrophages, marked bile duct proliferation with apoptotic epithelial cells, and expansion and increasing fibrosis of portal areas were evident in the nonarterialized grafts at day 120, although preservation of architecture was noted in the arterialized grafts. DNA array analysis of nonarterialized syngeneic grafts demonstrated the upregulation of mRNA of cell death-related proteins, cell cycle-related proteins, and inflammation-related proteins than those in arterialized grafts. Moreover, the arterialized Lewis-to-BN allogeneic grafts could survive for a long time with less severe graft dysfunction than those in non-arterialized allogeneic grafts. CONCLUSIONS HA reconstruction in liver transplantation inhibited hypoxic injury and subsequent inflammation and bile duct proliferation, prevented the augmentation of T-cell-and antibody-mediated rejection, and mediated long-term graft acceptance. HA reconstruction is essential factor in the success of liver transplantation.
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van Grieken NCT, Aoyama T, Chambers PA, Bottomley D, Ward LC, Inam I, Buffart TE, Das K, Lim T, Pang B, Zhang SL, Tan IB, Carvalho B, Heideman DAM, Miyagi Y, Kameda Y, Arai T, Meijer GA, Tsuburaya A, Tan P, Yoshikawa T, Grabsch HI. Erratum: KRAS and BRAF mutations are rare and related to DNA mismatch repair deficiency in gastric cancer from the East and the West: Results from a large international multicentre study. Br J Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC3899782 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Takahashi M, Ito A, Kimura T, Takatsuki S, Fukuda K, Arai T. Myocardial necrosis depth prediction during extracellular photosensitization reaction of talaporfin sodium by defined index using fluorescence measurement. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:1173-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shibanuma K, Arai T, Hasegawa K, Hoshi R, Kamiya K, Kawashima H, Kubo H, Masaki K, Saeki H, Sakurai S, Sakata S, Sakasai A, Sawai H, Shibama Y, Tsuchiya K, Tsukao N, Yagyu J, Yoshida K, Kamada Y, Mizumaki S, Hayakawa A, Takigami H, Barabaschi P, Davis S, Peyrot M, Phillips G. Assembly study for JT-60SA tokamak. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takubo K, Makuuchi H, Arima M, Aida J, Arai T, Vieth M. [Lymph node metastasis in superficial squamous carcinoma of the esophagus]. DER PATHOLOGE 2013; 34:148-54. [PMID: 23420516 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-012-1730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The definition of early carcinoma of the esophagus has changed with time on the basis of new data. As from 2007 an early carcinoma is defined as an intramucosal carcinoma with or without metastasis. In the subclassification based on invasion depth, m1 and m2 squamous cell carcinomas have no metastasis and are considered curable by endoscopic resection alone, whereas less than 10% of m3 carcinomas and some 20% of sm1 squamous cell carcinomas have lymph node metastasis. In this article the relationship between various histopathological findings and the incidence of lymph node metastasis is reviewed. The m3 and sm1 superficial squamous cell carcinomas showing 0-I and 0-III types, large tumors over 50 mm in size or those showing vessel permeation have higher incidences of lymph node metastasis. In the field of gastrointestinal surgical pathology pathologists are now expected to not only diagnose the presence or absence of malignancy but also to investigate in detail many of the histological factors related to the prevalence of lymph node metastasis.
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Kimura T, Takatsuki S, Miyoshi S, Fukumoto K, Ito A, Takahashi M, Ogawa E, Motohashi S, Arai T, Fukuda K. Non-thermal photodynamic therapy: a radical and reliable approach to cardiac catheter ablation. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Arai T, Kimura K, Kanazawa H, Munakata M, Sukegawa H, Tabei R, Ieda M, Yuasa S, Fukuda K. Upregulation of neuropeptide Y in the cardiac sympathetic nerves causes stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Coradini M, Rand JS, Morton JM, Arai T, Ishioka K, Rawlings JM. Fat mass, and not diet, has a large effect on postprandial leptin but not on adiponectin concentrations in cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:79-88. [PMID: 23827214 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Leptin and adiponectin play important roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in different species. Information is limited on the effects of diet, weight gain, and fat mass on their concentrations in cats. This study compared fasting and postprandial blood leptin and total adiponectin concentrations before and after 8 wk of ad libitum feeding to promote weight gain in adult cats (n = 32) fed either a low-carbohydrate, high-protein (23% and 47% ME) or a high-carbohydrate, low-protein (51% and 21% ME) diet. There were significant effects of total, abdominal, and nonabdominal fat mass, but not diet or body weight, on mean 24-h and peak leptin (P < 0.01); observed increases in mean and peak leptin were greatest for abdominal fat mass (50% and 56% increase for every extra 100 g, respectively). After weight gain, postprandial leptin concentration increased markedly relative to when cats were lean, and the duration of the increase was longer after a mean weight gain of 37% with the low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet group compared with 17% with the high-carbohydrate, low-protein group (P ≤ 0.01). Adiponectin was lower than fasting at some time points during the postprandial period in both groups (P ≤ 0.05). For both fasting and mean 24-h adiponectin, there was no significant diet effect (P ≥ 0.19) or changes in weight gain relative to when cats were lean (P ≥ 0.29). In conclusion, fat mass, and not diet, has a large effect on postprandial leptin but not adiponectin concentrations in cats.
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Arai T, Miaki H. Influence of static alignment of the knee, range of tibial rotation and tibial plateau geometry on the dynamic alignment of "knee-in" and tibial rotation during single limb drop landing. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2013; 28:642-8. [PMID: 23725792 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic alignment of "knee-in & toe-out" is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injury and is possibly influenced by static knee alignment, range of tibial rotation and tibial plateau geometry. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy women were classified into valgus, neutral and varus groups based on static alignment of their knees. A 3-dimensional motion analysis was carried out for a single limb drop landing. The range of tibial rotation and posterior tibial slope angle was measured by MRI. Comparison among the 3 groups and correlation between the angles was analyzed during motion. FINDINGS The differences between the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope angles were greater (P=0.019), also range of internal tibial rotation for the valgus group (P=0.017) and, for the varus group, the "knee-in" angle (P=0.048). The "knee-in" angle correlated significantly with the tibial rotation angle (R=-0.39, P=0.038), and the range of tibial rotation correlated with the variations between the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope angles (R=0.90, P=0.003). INTERPRETATION The range of tibial rotation, posterior tibial slope and "knee-in" angle varied according to whether the knee was in valgus or varus with the range of tibial rotation dependent on the posterior tibial slope angle. The greater the "knee-in" angle became, the smaller the internal tibial rotation was, acting in a kinetic chain. The results suggest that static alignment of the knee may be utilized as a predictor for potential problems that occur during motion.
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Kawamoto N, Fukao T, Kaneko H, Hirayama K, Sakurai S, Arai T, Kondo M, Kawamoto M, Matsui E, Orii K, Kasahara K, Takemura M, Seishima M, Shiraki M, Iwasa S, Kondo N. Total IgE at 6 months predicts remittance or persistence of atopic dermatitis at 14 months. Allergy Asthma Proc 2013; 34:362-9. [PMID: 23883601 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Some patients with infantile atopic dermatitis (AD) achieve remission around 1 year old, but in others it persists. The difference between them is unclear. We performed a birth cohort study to find the markers predicting the outcome of infantile AD. We followed up a cohort (n = 314) from birth to 14 months of age, and cord blood was taken from the participants. Some of them (n = 144) had a physical examination and a blood test at 6 and 14 months of age. The subjects who had AD at 6 months (n = 34) were divided into two groups, named the transient group (those who had no AD at 14 months of age; n = 16) and the persistent group (those who still had AD at 14 months of age; n = 18). Then, laboratory data were compared between these two groups. Percentage of CD8 in cord blood lymphocytes and total IgE at 6 months of age in the persistent group was significantly higher than those of the transient group. The area under the curves of a receiver operating characteristic analysis were 0.792 (p = 0.007) and 0.722 (p = 0.027). In the persistent group, total IgE, percentages of T-helper (Th) 2 and phytohemagglutinin-induced IL-4 production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 14 months of age were also significantly higher than those of the transient group. Thus Th2 polarization in the persistent group was confirmed. In clinical use, total IgE at 6 months of age is the most useful predictive marker to know the outcome of infantile AD. The clinical trial registration ID is UMIN000002926.
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Shimizu A, Ishii E, Kuwahara N, Arai T, Kanzaki G, Higo S, Kajimoto Y, Nagasaka S, Masuda Y, Fukuda Y. Chronic Antibody-Mediated Responses May Mediate Chronic Rejection in Rat Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1743-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tazoe Y, Hayashi H, Tsuboi S, Morishita M, Arai T, Ohshima M, Matsuyama T, Kosuge K, Yamada H, Tsuji D, Inoue K, Itoh K. AB0036 Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in folate pathway affecting the efficacy of methotrexate in japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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121
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Oda H, Mori A, Lee P, Saeki K, Ishioka K, Arai T, Sako T. Characterization of the use of liraglutide for glycemic control in healthy and Type 1 diabetes mellitus suffering dogs. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:381-8. [PMID: 23632200 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a glucose-lowering, intestinal-derived factor with multiple physiological effects, making it attractive for diabetes therapy. However, the therapeutic potential of endogenous GLP-1 is limited, because of rapid inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Recently, enhanced incretin preparations, such as liraglutide, have emerged, which are more resistant to degradation and longer lasting. Liraglutide is a long-acting acylated human GLP-1 receptor agonist, with a 97% amino acid sequence identity to endogenous human GLP-1, and 100% amino acid sequence homology with canine GLP-1. Since liraglutide has yet to be examined for use in dogs, and the incretin effect has been reported to exist in dogs, we sought to initially characterize liraglutide's ability for glycemic control in healthy dogs, under an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) environment initially. This was followed up a more realistic scenario involving food with insulin injection +/- liraglutide injection resulting in a glucose curve based study involving dogs suffering from Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Overall, liraglutide had a stabilizing effect on glucose levels, maintaining circulating levels between 77.0 and 137.0mg/ml throughout the OGTT test period, resulting in a significant reduction of 13.8% in glucose AUC0-120 min (total area under the curve for 0-120 min) as compared to baseline control in healthy dogs (n=5). Interestingly, the liraglutide associated reduction in circulating glucose was not accompanied by any significant increase in insulin. Moreover, T1DM dogs (n=4) responded favorably to liraglutide treatment, which lead to a significant reduction of 46.0% in glucose AUC0-12h (total area under the curve for 0-12h), and a significant reduction of 66.5% in serum glucose as compared to baseline controls (insulin treatment only). Therefore, liraglutide's prandial glucagon suppressive ability appears to play a key role in its glucose-lowering capability, and offers great potential for use with dogs suffering from T1DM.
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Udagawa S, Sakami S, Takemura T, Sato M, Arai T, Nitta A, Aoki T, Kawai K, Iwamura T, Okazaki S, Takahashi T, Kaino M. Discovery of novel 7-membered cyclic amide derivatives that inhibit 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1617-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rathi DN, Amir HG, Abed RMM, Kosugi A, Arai T, Sulaiman O, Hashim R, Sudesh K. Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis and simplified polymer recovery by a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from hypersaline microbial mats. J Appl Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23176757 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Halophilic micro-organisms have received much interest because of their potential biotechnological applications, among which is the capability of some strains to synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Halomonas sp. SK5, which was isolated from hypersaline microbial mats, accumulated intracellular granules of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] in modified accumulation medium supplemented with 10% (w/v) salinity and 3% (w/v) glucose. METHODS AND RESULTS A cell density of approximately 3.0 g l(-1) was attained in this culture which yielded 48 wt% P(3HB). The bacterial strain was also capable of synthesizing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] when cofed with relevant precursors. Feeding with sodium valerate (0.7 mol l(-1) carbon) at various time intervals within 36 h resulted in 3HV molar fractions ranging from 6 up to 54 mol%. Oil palm trunk sap (OPTS) and seawater as the carbon source and culture medium respectively facilitated a significant accumulation of P(3HB). Simplified downstream processing based on osmotic lysis in the presence of alkali/detergent for both dry and wet biomass resulted in approximately 90-100% recovery of polymers with purity as high as 90%. Weight-average molecular weight (M(w) ) of the polymers recovered was in the range of 1-2 × 10(6) . CONCLUSIONS Halomonas sp. SK5 was able to synthesize P(3HB) homopolymer as well as P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer from various carbon sources. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first time a comprehensive study of both production and downstream processing is reported for Halomonas spp.
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Ohashi K, Sato A, Takada T, Arai T, Kasahara Y, Hojo M, Nei T, Nakayama H, Motoi N, Urano S, Eda R, Yokoba M, Tsuchihashi Y, Nasuhara Y, Ishii H, Ebina M, Yamaguchi E, Inoue Y, Nakata K, Tazawa R. Reduced GM-CSF autoantibody in improved lung of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Eur Respir J 2012; 39:777-80. [PMID: 22379153 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00076711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Arai T, Chino N. Diverse migration strategy between freshwater and seawater habitats in the freshwater eel genus Anguilla. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:442-455. [PMID: 22803719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater eels of the genus Anguilla, which are catadromous, migrate between freshwater growth habitats and offshore spawning areas. A number of recent studies, however, found examples of the temperate species Anguilla anguilla, Anguilla rostrata, Anguilla japonica, Anguilla australis and Anguilla dieffenbachii that have never migrated into fresh water, spending their entire life history in the ocean. Furthermore, those studies found an intermediate type between marine and freshwater residents, which appear to frequently move between different environments during their growth phase. The discovery of marine and brackish-water residents Anguilla spp. suggests that they do not all have to be catadromous, and it calls into question the generalized classification of diadromous fishes. There has been little available information, however, concerning migration in tropical Anguilla spp. Anguilla marmorata, shows three fluctuation patterns: (1) continuous residence in fresh water, (2) continuous residence in brackish water and (3) residence in fresh water after recruitment, while returning to brackish water. Such migratory patterns were found in other tropical species, Anguilla bicolor bicolor and Anguilla bicolor pacifica. In A. b. bicolor collected in a coastal lagoon of Indonesia, two further patterns of habitat use were found: (1) constantly living in either brackish water or sea water with no freshwater life and (2) habitat shift from fresh water to brackish water or sea water. The wide range of environmental habitat use indicates that migratory behaviour of tropical Anguilla spp. is facultative among fresh, brackish and marine waters during their growth phases after recruitment to the coastal areas. Further, the migratory behaviours of tropical Anguilla spp. appear to differ in each habitat in response to inter and intra-specific competition. The results suggest that tropical Anguilla spp. have a flexible pattern of migration, with an ability to adapt to various habitats and salinities. The ability of anguillids to reside in environments of various salinities would be a common feature between tropical and temperate species without a latitudinal cline. Thus, the migration of Anguilla spp. into fresh water is clearly not an obligatory behaviour. This evidence of geographical variability among Anguilla spp. suggests that habitat use is determined by environmental conditions in each site.
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