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Reynolds T. To Rehydrate or Not. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/88.13.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Reynolds T. Palliative treatment needs stronger research basis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:862-4. [PMID: 8656434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Flotte T, Carter B, Conrad C, Guggino W, Reynolds T, Rosenstein B, Taylor G, Walden S, Wetzel R. A phase I study of an adeno-associated virus-CFTR gene vector in adult CF patients with mild lung disease. Hum Gene Ther 1996; 7:1145-59. [PMID: 8773517 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1996.7.9-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Song K, Mach KE, Chen CY, Reynolds T, Albright CF. A novel suppressor of ras1 in fission yeast, byr4, is a dosage-dependent inhibitor of cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 1996; 133:1307-19. [PMID: 8682866 PMCID: PMC2120903 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.133.6.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel gene, designated byr4, was identified in Schizosaccharomyces pombe that affects the mitotic cell cycle and shows genetic interactions with the ras1 signaling pathways. Null alleles of byr4 cause cell cycle arrest in late mitosis and permit multiple rounds of septation. The multiple septa typically divide two nuclei, but the nuclei frequently do not stain equally with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), suggesting that byr4 is required for proper karyokinesis. Overexpression of byr4 inhibits cytokinesis, but cell cycle progression continues leading to multinucleate cells. When byr4 is overexpressed, the early steps in the cytokinesis pathway, including formation of the medial F-actin ring, occur normally; however, the later steps in the pathway, including contraction of the F-actin ring, septation, and rearrangement of the medial F-actin following mitosis, rarely occur, byr4 shows two genetic interactions with ras1. The inhibition of cytokinesis by byr4 overexpression was exacerbated by null alleles of ras1 and scd1, suggesting a link between pathways needed for cell polarity and cytokinesis. Overexpression of byr4 also partially bypasses the need for ras1 for sporulation. The electrophoretic mobility of the byr4 protein varied in response to mutants that perturb cytokinesis and karyokinesis, suggesting interactions between byr4 and these gene products. A more rapidly migrating byr4 protein was found in cells with mutations in cdc16, which undergo repeated septation, and in cdc15, which fail to form a medial F-actin ring in mitosis. A slower migrating byr4 protein was found in cells with a mutation in the beta-tubulin gene, which arrests cells at the metaphase-anaphase transition.
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Reynolds T. FDA Moves to Speed Cancer Drug Approvals. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/88.8.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
We have shown that in the central nervous system BN receptors are closely associated with 5-HT systems. On a subpopulation of dorsal raphe neurons, NMB receptors are able to depolarize cells by reducing gK+. In one of the target regions of the dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons, the SCN, we have also shown that neurons are excited by BN-related peptides. In the SCN, the GRP receptors excite neurons by two different mechanisms: closure of gK+ and opening of an unidentified cation conductance. Expression of human BN receptors from the brain in CHO cells or Xenopus oocytes shows a very similar pharmacological profile to that seen in the rat brain slice preparations. In the CHO cell line, following BN receptor activation, a major second-messenger path involves hydrolysis of PIP2 by phospholipases to yield IP3, which releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores. In the oocyte expression system, a similar second messenger pathway is clearly apparent, and Ca2+-sensitive gCl- represents the last phase in a cascade of events. The final phase of the mechanism of action in the artificial systems does not involve gK+, suggesting a different second messenger cascade to that in neurons. However, the involvement of phospholipases and their phospholipid products have not been excluded in neurons.
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Miller AD, Bonham L, Alfano J, Kiem HP, Reynolds T, Wolgamot G. A novel murine retrovirus identified during testing for helper virus in human gene transfer trials. J Virol 1996; 70:1804-9. [PMID: 8627704 PMCID: PMC190007 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.3.1804-1809.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An important requirement for the use of retroviral vectors in human gene transfer experiments is the avoidance of human exposure to replication-competent (helper) retroviruses. To meet this requirement, we used a sensitive marker rescue assay for helper virus to screen vector-transduced cells prior to reinfusion into patients. This assay utilized Mus dunni cells harboring a retroviral vector that can be rescued by helper retroviruses. The assay indicated the presence of helper virus in medium exposed to hematopoietic cells from all patients tested, including six patients with various cancers and one patient with Gaucher's disease, whether or not the patient cells had been exposed to retroviral vectors. All of the helper viruses were in a single interference group. We have now shown that treatment of the M. dunni marker rescue assay cells with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine or hydrocortisone can activate production of an apparently identical helper virus, which we have named M. dunni endogenous virus (MDEV). Thus, production of virus in the assays of patient materials was likely due to exposure of the marker rescue assay cells to the hydrocortisone present in the hematopoietic cell growth medium. MDEV does not belong to any of the known murine leukemia virus groups by interference analysis, and we have called the new group multitropic because of the wide range of cells from different species that MDEV can infect.
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Reynolds T. Move by FDA will speed approval of drugs across Europe. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:78. [PMID: 8537981 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/88.2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Reynolds T. Joint venture strengthens U.S.-Europe cooperation on new cancer drugs. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:76-7. [PMID: 8537980 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/88.2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Modi NB, Reynolds T, Baughman SA, Thomas DA, Paasch BD, Smith SY. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TP-9201, a gpIIbIIIa antagonist, administered in combination with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, heparin, and aspirin in beagles. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1996; 27:105-12. [PMID: 8656642 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199601000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of heparin, aspirin, and recombinat tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on TP-9201 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics was investigated in beagles. Animals received TP-9201, an Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD)-containing synthetic peptide glycoprotein (gp)IIbIIIa antagonist as a bolus of 0.31 mg/kg, followed by a 4-h infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/h. rt-PA was administered as a modification of the weight-adjusted standard regimen. Heparin was administered as a bolus followed by an infusion producing a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the activated prothromboplastin time (aPTT) above baseline values. Aspirin was administered orally, approximately 24 and 2 h before TP-9201. TP-9201 had a plasma clearance of 9.9 +/- 2 ml/min/kg and a volume of distribution that was larger than plasma volume. Administration of heparin and aspirin with TP-9201 did not affect the clearance of TP-9201, whereas rt-PA resulted in a faster clearance (p = 0.05). Whether the faster clearance is physiologic or a result of rt-PA interference in the TP-9201 assay is unclear. TP-9201 completely inhibited ADP-mediated platelet aggregation. After discontinuation of TP-9201, recovery of platelet aggregation had a half life (t1/2) of 2-3 h and was complete < or = 24 h. Coadministration of heparin did not interfere with TP-9201 pharmacodynamics, whereas aspirin and rt-PA slowed the recovery of platelet aggregation. The template bleeding time profile for the TP-9201-treated animals was similar to that of the aspirin-treated animals.
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Reynolds T. Use of organ-sparing treatments varies internationally. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1826-7. [PMID: 7494221 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.24.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Reynolds T. EU cancer code tuned-up, targets GPs and the public. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1832-3. [PMID: 7494225 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.24.1832-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Reynolds T. Does U.S. lag behind Europe in organ-conserving cancer treatment? J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1736-7. [PMID: 7473826 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.23.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Reynolds T. Polymers help guide cancer drugs to tumor targets--and keep them there. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1582-4. [PMID: 7563199 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.21.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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219
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Reynolds T. IARC director juggles agency's public health mission with cutting-edge research. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1507-10. [PMID: 7563182 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.20.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Reynolds T. European drug agency promises quicker approvals. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1050-1. [PMID: 7616594 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.14.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Reynolds T, Kite G. Volatile Constituents ofPhoebe porosaMez. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1995.9698551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Reynolds T. Pan-European Trial Participants. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.12.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jobling S, Reynolds T, White R, Parker MG, Sumpter JP. A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 1995; 103:582-7. [PMID: 7556011 PMCID: PMC1519124 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.95103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage, a complex mixture of organic and inorganic chemicals, is considered to be a major source of environmental pollution. A random screen of 20 organic man-made chemicals present in liquid effluents revealed that half appeared able to interact with the estradiol receptor. This was demonstrated by their ability to inhibit binding of 17 beta-estradiol to the fish estrogen receptor. Further studies, using mammalian estrogen screens in vitro, revealed that the two phthalate esters butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and a food antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were estrogenic; however, they were all less estrogenic than the environmental estrogen octylphenol. Phthalate esters, used in the production of various plastics (including PVC), are among the most common industrial chemicals. Their ubiquity in the environment and tendency to bioconcentrate in animal fat are well known. Neither BBP nor DBP were able to act as antagonists, indicating that, in the presence of endogenous estrogens, their overall effect would be cumulative. Recently, it has been suggested that environmental estrogens may be etiological agents in several human diseases, including disorders of the male reproductive tract and breast and testicular cancers. The current finding that some phthalate compounds and some food additives are weakly estrogenic in vitro, needs to be supported by further studies on their effects in vivo before any conclusions can be made regarding their possible role in the development of these conditions.
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Reynolds T. EORTC fellowships broaden European clinical research base. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:639-41. [PMID: 7752268 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.9.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Reynolds T, Pistorius K, Spencer K, John R. [Comment on the contribution by Benz et al.: Serum screening for Down syndrome in women under 35 years of age with an age independent index]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 1995; 199:128-9. [PMID: 7553259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Harvey D, Reynolds T. Serendipity and glycated haemoglobin assay: discovery of a new haemoglobin variant. Ann Clin Biochem 1995; 32 ( Pt 3):325. [PMID: 7632038 DOI: 10.1177/000456329503200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Reynolds T. Issues remain for treating colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:480. [PMID: 7707431 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.7.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Reynolds T, Wierzbicki A. Treatment of myocardial infarction and angina. Advice on reducing cholesterol should be included. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1995; 310:466. [PMID: 7873965 PMCID: PMC2548837 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.310.6977.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Reynolds T. British team pioneers PET studies of chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:246-9. [PMID: 7707415 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.4.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Reynolds T. Side Glance: Laboratory-Bred Mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hoskin DW, Reynolds T, Blay J. Adenosine as a possible inhibitor of killer T-cell activation in the microenvironment of solid tumours. Int J Cancer 1994; 59:854-5. [PMID: 7989130 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910590625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Schuening F, Miller AD, Torok-Storb B, Bensinger W, Storb R, Reynolds T, Fisher L, Buckner CD, Appelbaum FR. Study on contribution of genetically marked peripheral blood repopulating cells to hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. Hum Gene Ther 1994; 5:1523-34. [PMID: 7711144 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1994.5.12-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Reynolds T, John R. Serum screening for Down's syndrome. National policy would ensure consistency. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1994; 309:1372-3. [PMID: 7866102 PMCID: PMC2541876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hoskin DW, Reynolds T, Blay J. 2-Chloroadenosine inhibits the MHC-unrestricted cytolytic activity of anti-CD3-activated killer cells: evidence for the involvement of a non-A1/A2 cell-surface adenosine receptor. Cell Immunol 1994; 159:85-93. [PMID: 7954843 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1994.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is likely to be a frequent constituent of the tumor microenvironment since this purine nucleoside is produced in quantity by hypoxic cells such as those found in the interior of poorly vascularized solid tumors. In this study we show that 2-chloroadenosine (2CA), a stable analogue of adenosine, inhibits, in a dose-dependent fashion, MHC-unrestricted killing of P815 tumor target cells by anti-CD3-activated killer (AK) lymphocytes. 2CA mediates this effect by interfering with the recognition/adhesion phase of cytolysis. Blocking cellular uptake of 2CA with dipyridamole, rather than attenuating the inhibitory effect, potentiated the inhibition of cytolysis, indicating the involvement of a cell-surface receptor. However, neither the A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX, nor the A2 receptor antagonist DMPX were able to block the inhibitory effect of 2CA on AK lymphocyte function. Similarly, the nonselective A1 and A2 receptor antagonists, theophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline, had no effect on 2CA-mediated inhibition of AK cell activity. Taken together, these data provide evidence that 2CA inhibits the cytolytic activity of AK lymphocytes by interacting with a novel non-A1/A2 cell-surface receptor. A similar effect mediated in vivo by tumor-elaborated adenosine may be involved in tumor-associated immunosuppression.
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Pinnock RD, Reynolds T, Woodruff GN. Different types of bombesin receptors on neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and the rostral hypothalamus in rat brain slices in vitro. Brain Res 1994; 653:119-24. [PMID: 7982044 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The actions of the peptides bombesin (BN), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), neuromedin C (NMC), litorin and neuromedin B (NMB) were studied on neurons in slices of rat brain maintained in vitro to determine the BN receptor type present in different brain areas. Intracellular and extracellular recordings were made from hypothalamic neurons on the border of the periventricular nucleus (PVN) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and from mesencephalic 5-HT sensitive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In the region of the brain containing the SCN and PVN, BN and the BN-related peptides excited 31 out of 77 neurons on which they were tested. There was little difference in the potency of the BN-related peptides as excitants of neurons, the EC50 being about 10 nM. The response to the peptides usually lasted between 5 and 15 min with little sign of desensitization. Using NMC, GRP and NMB as agonists, the equilibrium constant for the GRP receptor antagonist [D-Phe6]-BN-(6-13)-ethylamide was approximately 10 nM. The response to the peptides fully recovered on washout of the antagonist. The CCKB/gastrin receptor antagonist CI-988 (1 microM) had no effect on either GRP- or NMC-mediated excitation. In the dorsal nucleus 40 of 75 neurons were sensitive to the BN-related peptides. BN, [Tyr4]-BN, NMB and litorin, were 10-20 times more potent than GRP and NMC. The responses to the BN-related peptides were not blocked by the selective GRP receptor antagonists [D-Phe6]-BN-(6-13)-methylester, [DF5Phe6][D-Ala11]-BN-(6-13)-methylester and [D-Phe6]-BN-(6-13)- ethylamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Reynolds T. Authors' Reply. Ann Clin Biochem 1994. [DOI: 10.1177/000456329403100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Reynolds T. Quality of life adds a human dimension to studies on treatment cost-effectiveness. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86:661-2. [PMID: 8158695 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/86.9.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Hoskin DW, Reynolds T, Blay J. Colon adenocarcinoma cells inhibit anti-CD3-activated killer cell induction. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994; 38:201-7. [PMID: 8124689 PMCID: PMC11038949 DOI: 10.1007/bf01525642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/1993] [Accepted: 10/15/1993] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells has shown some promise in the treatment of certain cancers that are unresponsive to conventional treatment approaches. However, colon adenocarcinomas tend to respond poorly to LAK therapy, possibly as a result of tumor-induced immunosuppression. Recently, in vivo administration of anti-CD3 antibody has been shown to induce mouse T lymphocytes to mediate major-histocompatibility-complex(MHC)-unrestricted tumoricidal activity which is distinct from natural-killer-cell-derived LAK activity. It has therefore been suggested that anti-CD3 therapy may find application in tumor immunotherapy in humans. However, the effectiveness of anti-CD3-activated killer cell induction within the environment found in the vicinity of colon adenocarcinoma cells has not been evaluated. The present report demonstrates that colon cancer cells of human (HT-29) and mouse (MCA-38) origin markedly inhibit the generation of activated killer cells in murine spleen cell cultures. DNA synthesis and interleukin-2 production by spleen cells following stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody are also profoundly depressed in the presence of MCA-38 and HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells. MCA-38- and HT-29-mediated inhibition of activated killer cell development is exerted through the production of a tumor-associated soluble factor that is distinct from transforming growth factor beta or prostaglandins. Local immunosuppression associated with sites of tumor growth may therefore represent a major obstacle to successful anti-CD3 immunotherapy of certain colon adenocarcinomas.
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