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Lu W, Liu S, Li B, Xie Y, Izban MG, Ballard BR, Sathyanarayana SA, Adunyah SE, Matusik RJ, Chen Z. SKP2 loss destabilizes EZH2 by promoting TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination to suppress prostate cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1364-1373. [PMID: 27869166 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
EZH2 is crucial for the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through upregulation and activation of progenitor genes, as well as androgen receptor (AR)-target genes. However, the mechanisms by which EZH2 is regulated in PCa and CRPC remain elusive. Here we report that EZH2 is post-transcriptionally regulated by SKP2 in vitro in cultured cells and in vivo in mouse models. We observed aberrant upregulation of Skp2, Ezh2 and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in both Pten null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and Pten null mouse prostate tissues. Loss of Skp2 resulted in a striking decrease of Ezh2 levels in Pten/Trp53 double-null MEFs and in prostate tumors of Pten/Trp53 double-null mutant mice. SKP2 knockdown decreased EZH2 levels in human PCa cells through upregulation of TRAF6-mediated and lysine(K) 63-linked ubiquitination of EZH2 for degradation. Ectopic expression of TRAF6 promoted the K63-linked ubiquitination of EZH2 to decrease EZH2 and H3K27me3 levels in PCa cells. In contrast, TRAF6 knockdown resulted in a reduced EZH2 ubiquitination with an increase of EZH2 and H3K27me3 levels in PCa cells. Furthermore, the catalytically dead mutant TRAF6 C70A abolished the TRAF6-mediated polyubiquitination of recombinant human EZH2 in vitro. Most importantly, a concurrent elevation of Skp2 and Ezh2 was found in CRPC tumors of Pten/Trp53 mutant mice, and expression levels of SKP2 and EZH2 were positively correlated in human PCa specimens. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel mechanism on EZH2 ubiquitination and an important signaling network of SKP2-TRAF6-EZH2/H3K27me3, and targeting SKP2-EZH2 pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for CRPC treatment.
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202
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Wang R, Wang T, Lu W, Zhang W, Chen W, Kang X, Huang Y. Three indel variants in chicken LPIN1 exon 6/flanking region are associated with performance and carcass traits. Br Poult Sci 2016; 56:621-30. [PMID: 26523976 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
LPIN1 is a Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase. Variation in chicken LPIN1 exon 6 and its flanking regions were identified and three indel variants in 6 breeds and their associations with performance traits were studied. Seven variants were detected from 6 breeds, which contained a synonymous tri-allelic variant (c.924A/T/C) and three indels. The exon 6 variants detected from chicken breeds were conserved among bird species. The indel variation frequency presented clear differences among breeds. Two coding indels (c.1014-1018del3 and c.1125-1138del12) were multiples of three nucleotides and maintained the open reading frames of LPIN1 proteins. However, they were predicted to result in the clear change of the RNA secondary structure of chicken LPIN1 exon 6 and LPIN1 protein conformation. The association analysis showed that c.871-15-22del6 variation had a significant effect on body weight at hatch (BW0) and 2 weeks (BW2); c. 1014-1018del3 variation had a significant effect on BW4, BW6, caecum length and gizzard weight (GW) traits; c.1125-1138del12 variation had a significant effect on BW12, shank length at 4 weeks (SL4), carcass weight, lactate dehydrogenase traits (LDH), glucose (GLU) and albumin (ALB) traits. The genotype combination for c.1014-1018del3 and c.1125-1138del12 also presented significant effects on SL4, SL8, GW, leg muscle weight, ALB, GLU and LDH. The study demonstrated that chicken LPIN1 has an important effect on body, carcass and organ weight, serum LDH, GLU and ALB level.
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203
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Zhang H, Molitoris J, Tan S, Giacomelli I, Scartoni D, Gzell C, Bhooshan N, Choi W, Lu W, D'Souza W, Mehta M. Radiomics for Survival Analysis and Prediction in Glioblastoma (GBM)—A Preliminary Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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204
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Choi W, Xue M, Lane B, Kang M, Patel K, Regine W, Klahr P, Wang J, Chen S, D'Souza W, Lu W. Individually Optimized Contrast-Enhanced 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Radiation Therapy Simulation in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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205
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Lu W, Kang J, Hu K, Tang S, Zhou X, Yu S, Li Y, Xu L. Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress to relieve lung injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5431. [PMID: 27599201 PMCID: PMC5018691 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissues and can lead to metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the effects of angiotensin1-7 [Ang-(1-7)] on lung injury in rats induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). We randomly assigned 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) to normoxia control (NC), CIH-untreated (uCIH), Ang-(1-7)-treated normoxia control (N-A), and Ang-(1-7)-treated CIH (CIH-A) groups. Oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in lung tissues, and expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and Nox subunits (p22phox, and p47phox) was determined by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pulmonary pathological changes were more evident in the uCIH group than in the other groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunohistochemical staining showed that inflammatory factor concentrations in serum and lung tissues in the uCIH group were significantly higher than those in the NC and N-A groups. Expression of inflammatory factors was significantly higher in the CIH-A group than in the NC and N-A groups, but was lower than in the uCIH group (P<0.01). Oxidative stress was markedly higher in the uCIH group than in the NC and N-A groups. Expression of Nox4 and its subunits was also increased in the uCIH group. These changes were attenuated upon Ang-(1-7) treatment. In summary, treatment with Ang-(1-7) reversed signs of CIH-induced lung injury via inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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206
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Clayton CE, Adli E, Allen J, An W, Clarke CI, Corde S, Frederico J, Gessner S, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Xu X, Yakimenko V. Self-mapping the longitudinal field structure of a nonlinear plasma accelerator cavity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12483. [PMID: 27527569 PMCID: PMC4990705 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of emittance of the accelerating beam is the next challenge for plasma-based accelerators envisioned for future light sources and colliders. The field structure of a highly nonlinear plasma wake is potentially suitable for this purpose but has not been yet measured. Here we show that the longitudinal variation of the fields in a nonlinear plasma wakefield accelerator cavity produced by a relativistic electron bunch can be mapped using the bunch itself as a probe. We find that, for much of the cavity that is devoid of plasma electrons, the transverse force is constant longitudinally to within ±3% (r.m.s.). Moreover, comparison of experimental data and simulations has resulted in mapping of the longitudinal electric field of the unloaded wake up to 83 GV m(-1) to a similar degree of accuracy. These results bode well for high-gradient, high-efficiency acceleration of electron bunches while preserving their emittance in such a cavity.
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207
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Liu Z, Guo J, Li J, Wang S, Tang S, Xie L, Huang Y, Lu W, Ren W, Sun S, Huang L. Gastric Lesions: Demonstrated by Transabdominal Ultrasound After Oral Administration of an Echoic Cellulose-Based Gastric Ultrasound Contrast Agent. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2016; 37:405-411. [PMID: 26114343 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1399719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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208
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Li X, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Lu W, Zhou T. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Metformin using Different Models in Diabetic Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2016; 66:547-554. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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209
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Xu XL, Pai CH, Zhang CJ, Li F, Wan Y, Wu YP, Hua JF, Lu W, An W, Yu P, Joshi C, Mori WB. Nanoscale Electron Bunching in Laser-Triggered Ionization Injection in Plasma Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:034801. [PMID: 27472116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionization injection is attractive as a controllable injection scheme for generating high quality electron beams using plasma-based wakefield acceleration. Because of the phase-dependent tunneling ionization rate and the trapping dynamics within a nonlinear wake, the discrete injection of electrons within the wake is nonlinearly mapped to a discrete final phase space structure of the beam at the location where the electrons are trapped. This phenomenon is theoretically analyzed and examined by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations which show that three-dimensional effects limit the wave number of the modulation to between >2k_{0} and about 5k_{0}, where k_{0} is the wave number of the injection laser. Such a nanoscale bunched beam can be diagnosed by and used to generate coherent transition radiation and may find use in generating high-power ultraviolet radiation upon passage through a resonant undulator.
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210
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Zhang CJ, Hua JF, Xu XL, Li F, Pai CH, Wan Y, Wu YP, Gu YQ, Mori WB, Joshi C, Lu W. Capturing relativistic wakefield structures in plasmas using ultrashort high-energy electrons as a probe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29485. [PMID: 27403561 PMCID: PMC4939525 DOI: 10.1038/srep29485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method capable of capturing coherent electric field structures propagating at nearly the speed of light in plasma with a time resolution as small as a few femtoseconds is proposed. This method uses a few femtoseconds long relativistic electron bunch to probe the wake produced in a plasma by an intense laser pulse or an ultra-short relativistic charged particle beam. As the probe bunch traverses the wake, its momentum is modulated by the electric field of the wake, leading to a density variation of the probe after free-space propagation. This variation of probe density produces a snapshot of the wake that can directly give many useful information of the wake structure and its evolution. Furthermore, this snapshot allows detailed mapping of the longitudinal and transverse components of the wakefield. We develop a theoretical model for field reconstruction and verify it using 3-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. This model can accurately reconstruct the wakefield structure in the linear regime, and it can also qualitatively map the major features of nonlinear wakes. The capturing of the injection in a nonlinear wake is demonstrated through 3D PIC simulations as an example of the application of this new method.
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211
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Lu W, Yang J, Chen S, Zhu Y, Zhu C. Abnormal Patella Height Based on Insall-Salvati Ratio and its Correlation with Patellar Cartilage Lesions: An Extremity-Dedicated Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of 1703 Chinese Cases. Scand J Surg 2016; 105:197-203. [PMID: 26416816 DOI: 10.1177/1457496915607409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims: Diagnostic performance of patellar position for patellar cartilage lesions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the abnormal patella height and its correlation with chondral lesions of the patellofemoral joint in China. Material and methods: A total of 1703 consecutive patients who performed knee joint examination using an extremity-dedicated low-field magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled in this study. Patellar cartilage lesions were diagnosed based on the result of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data. Patella height was defined as the ratio of patellar tendon length to patellar length according to Insall-Salvati index. Patella alta and infera were defined as tendon length/patellar length >1.2 and <0.8, respectively. Results: The total prevalence of patellar cartilage lesions was 38.0%. The prevalence in females was significantly higher than that in males (46.4% vs 28.8%, p < 0.001). Age notably increased the incidence of patellar cartilage lesions ( p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that tendon length/patellar length ratio was significantly correlated with patellar cartilage lesions (odds ratio = 6.380, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with cartilage lesions showed significantly higher rates of patella alta and infera ( p < 0.001). In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that abnormal patella height had statistical significance in diagnosing cartilage lesions ( p < 0.001). However, the area under the curve (0.596; 95% confidence interval: 0.568–0.624) and sensitivity (47.0%) were relatively low, while the specificity was 72.2%. Conclusions: Patients with patellar cartilage lesions have an increased tendon length/patellar length ratio. The abnormal patella height is significantly correlated with chondral lesions and can be used as a potential diagnostic marker.
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212
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Lu W, Liu Y, Liu LL, Zhuang PH. RUNX3 promoter methylation correlation with pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2016; 15:gmr7444. [PMID: 27420934 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of RUNX3 promoter methylation in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Asians. For this purpose, we performed a comprehensive search of Chinese and English language scientific literature databases using stringent selection criteria; ultimately, we identified relevant studies that specifically assessed the correlation between RUNX3 promoter methylation and HCC. All data was retrieved and analyzed by two independent investigators using the STATA software (version 12.0). Initially, 132 studies (103 in Chinese, 29 in English) were retrieved; 122 were eliminated through a stepwise filtering process. Finally, 10 studies conducted in Asian populations (5 Chinese, 4 Japanese, 1 Korean) fulfilled all the inclusion criteria of our meta-analysis. The studies included 588 HCC patients (641 cancer tissues; 593 adjacent normal tissues) and 184 healthy controls. We observed that RUNX3 promoter methylation was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (RR = 6.35, 95%CI = 3.62-11.14, P < 0.001) and normal control tissues (RR = 17.31, 95%CI = 7.08-42.34, P < 0.001). RUNX3 promoter methylation status did not differ significantly between patients with different TNM stages (RR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.70-1.10, P = 0.269) and histological grades (RR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.65-1.14, P = 0.304), suggesting that RUNX3 promoter methylation is linked to the origin of HCC but not to its progression from non-metastatic to metastatic stages. This in turn indicated that RUNX3 could be an early diagnostic marker distinguishing benign from malignant hepatocellular carcinoma.
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213
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Jia D, Lu W, Wang C, Sun S, Cai G, Li Y, Wang G, Liu Y, Zhang M, Wang D. Investigation on Immunomodulatory Activity of Calf Spleen Extractive Injection in Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice and Underlying Mechanisms. Scand J Immunol 2016; 84:20-7. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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214
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Folkerts MM, Gu X, Lu W, Radke RJ, Jiang SB. SU-G-TeP1-09: Modality-Specific Dose Gradient Modeling for Prostate IMRT Using Spherical Distance Maps of PTV and Isodose Contours. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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215
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Folkerts MM, Long T, Radke RJ, Tian Z, Jia X, Chen M, Lu W, Jiang SB. WE-AB-207B-07: Dose Cloud: Generating “Big Data” for Radiation Therapy Treatment Plan Optimization Research. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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216
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Riyahi S, Choi W, Bhooshan N, Tan S, Zhang H, Lu W. SU-C-207B-06: Comparison of Registration Methods for Modeling Pathologic Response of Esophageal Cancer to Chemoradiation Therapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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217
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Zhang H, Molitoris J, Tan S, Giacomelli I, Scartoni D, Gzell C, Bhooshan N, Choi W, Lu W, Mehta M, D'Souza W. SU-F-R-04: Radiomics for Survival Prediction in Glioblastoma (GBM). Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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218
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Zhong Y, Sun X, Lu W, Jia X, Wang J, Shao Y. SU-C-207A-06: On-Line Beam Range Verification with Multiple Scanning Particle Beams: Initial Feasibility Study with Simulations. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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219
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Zhang JC, Lu W, Xie XM, Pan H, Wu ZQ, Yang GT. Mild hypothermia attenuates post-resuscitation brain injury through a V-ATPase mechanism in a rat model of cardiac arrest. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2016; 15:gmr7729. [PMID: 27323115 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although therapeutic hypothermia is an effective treatment for post-resuscitation brain injury after cardiac arrest (CA), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) plays a key role in cellular adaption to a hypoxic environment. This study sought to evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia on V-ATPase and its involvement in neuroprotection after CA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 6-min CA, resuscitated successfully, and then assigned to either the normothermia (NT) group or the hypothermia (HT) group. Rats were further divided into 2 subgroups based on the time of euthanasia, either 3 or 24 h after CA (NT-3 h, HT-3 h; NT-24 h, HT-24 h). Mild hypothermia was induced following CA and maintained at 33°C for 2 h. Neurologic deficit scores were used to determine the status of neurological function. Brain specimens were analyzed by TUNEL assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. V-ATPase activity was estimated by subtracting total ATP hydrolysis from the bafilomycin-sensitive activity. Mild hypothermia improved the neurological outcome (HT-24 h: 34.3 ± 16.4 vs NT-24 h: 50.3 ± 17.4) and significantly decreased neurocyte apoptosis 24 h after resuscitation. Mild hypothermia significantly increased V0a1 compared to NT-3 h; V0a1 expression was associated with a decrease in the cleaved caspase 3 expression. These findings suggested that mild hypothermia inhibits CA-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus, which may be associated with reduced V-ATPase impairment. These data provide new insights into the protective effects of hypothermia in vivo.
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220
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Long T, Chen M, Jiang S, Lu W. SU-F-T-350: Continuous Leaf Optimization (CLO) for IMRT Leaf Sequencing. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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221
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Lu W. MO-FG-207B-04: Respond to Therapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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222
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Chen M, Jiang S, Shao Y, Lu W. SU-F-J-197: A Novel Intra-Beam Range Detection and Adaptation Strategy for Particle Therapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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223
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Gallmeier FX, Lu W, Riemer BW, Zhao JK, Herwig KW, Robertson JL. Conceptual moderator studies for the Spallation Neutron Source short-pulse second target station. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:063304. [PMID: 27370444 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Candidate moderator configurations for a short-pulse second target station (STS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) have been identified using a global optimizer framework built around the MCNPX particle transport code. Neutron brightness metrics were selected as the figure-of-merit. We assumed that STS would use one out of six proton pulses produced by an SNS accelerator upgraded to operate at 1.3 GeV proton energy, 2.8 MW power and 60 Hz repetition rate. The simulations indicate that the peak brightness can be increased by a factor of 5 and 2.5 on a per proton pulse basis compared to the SNS first target station for both coupled and decoupled para-hydrogen moderators, respectively. Additional increases by factors of 3 and 2 were demonstrated for coupled and decoupled moderators, respectively, by reducing the area of neutron emission from 100 × 100 mm(2) to 20 × 20 mm(2). This increase in brightness has the potential to translate to an increase of beam intensity at the instruments' sample positions even though the total neutron emission of the smaller moderator is less than that of the larger. This is especially true for instruments with small samples (beam dimensions). The increased fluxes in the STS moderators come at accelerated poison and de-coupler burnout and higher radiation-induced material damage rates per unit power, which overall translate into lower moderator lifetimes. A first effort was undertaken to group decoupled moderators into a cluster collectively positioning them at the peak neutron production zone in the target and having a three-port neutron emission scheme that complements that of a cylindrical coupled moderator.
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224
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Choi W, Riyahi S, Lu W. SU-F-R-31: Identification of Robust Normal Lung CT Texture Features for the Prediction of Radiation-Induced Lung Disease. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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225
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Chang J, Gu X, Lu W, Song T, Jiang S. SU-F-J-111: A Novel Distance-Dose Weighting Method for Label Fusion in Multi- Atlas Segmentation for Prostate Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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226
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Mossahebi S, Langen K, Guerrero M, Yi B, Lu W, Kalavagunta C, Prado K, Chen S. SU-F-T-286: Calculation-Based Patient Specific IMRT QA Detects Potential Errors That Measurement-Based QA Does Not. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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227
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Rozario T, Chiu T, Lu W, Chen M, Yan Y, Bereg S, Mao W. TH-AB-202-01: Daily Lung Tumor Motion Characterization On EPIDs Using a Markerless Tiling Model. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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228
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Choi W, Xue M, Lane B, Kang M, Patel K, Regine W, Klahr P, Wang J, Chen S, D'souza W, Lu W. TH-EF-BRA-04: Individually Optimized Contrast-Enhanced 4D-CT for Radiotherapy Simulation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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229
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Mao W, Liu C, Zhong H, Rozario T, Lu W, Gu X, Yan Y, Jia X, Sumer B, Schwartz D. SU-C-202-05: Pilot Study of Online Treatment Evaluation and Adaptive Re-Planning for Laryngeal SBRT. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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230
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R Anders M, Chen M, Jiang S, Lu W. SU-F-J-79: Extension of Fixed-Point Iteration Algorithm for Inverse Deformation. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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231
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Li L, Lu W, Tan S. TU-H-CAMPUS-IeP3-01: Simultaneous PET Restoration and PET/CT Co-Segmentation Using a Variational Method. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Riyahi S, Choi W, Lu W. SU-F-R-19: Novel Radiomics Quantifying Tumor Structural Evolution Using Deformation Vector Field: Application for Tumor Response Assessment. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chen M, Rozario T, Liu A, Jiang S, Lu W. SU-F-J-54: Towards Real-Time Volumetric Imaging Using the Treatment Beam and KV Beam. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Liu A, Chen M, Jiang S, Lu W. SU-C-207B-01: A Novel Graphics Processing Units (GPU) Implementation of Discrete Wavelet Transformation. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lu W. TH-E-202-03: PET for Tumor Response Evaluation. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Long T, Chen M, Jiang S, Lu W. SU-C-BRB-07: Threshold-Driven Optimization for Reference-Based Auto-Planning. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Zhu XC, Lu W, Nie XQ, Zhou M, Zhang RB, Qin SX, Chen WH. [Performance evaluation of two N95 filtering-facepiece respirators on decomposition products of sulfur hexafluoride]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2016; 34:321-324. [PMID: 27514408 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the filtration efficiency of two N95 filtering-facepiece respirators (FFRs) for the decomposition products of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). METHODS Two types of N95 FFRs (the particulate and the acid-proof respirators) were selected in this study. The decomposition products of SF6, including particles, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) , were measured under experimental condition by using TSI PortaCount Plus, fluorine ion-selective electrodes and spectrophotometer separately. The filtration efficiency was then calculated and compared. RESULTS Both two models of N95 respirators had lowest filtration efficiency larger than 95% for particles under airflow ranged from 10 to 95 L/min. When exposed to different concentrations of HF (low: 0.00~1.99 mg/m(3), middle: 2.00~3.99 mg/m(3), high: >4 mg/m(3)) , the acid-proof N95 respirator was more effective than the particulate respirator (P<0.05) with a filtration efficiency of 98.83%, 99.08%, and 99.03% versus 48.44%, 45.71%, and 47.31%. For four SO2 concentration ranges (0.00~2.49 mg/m(3), 2.50~4.99 mg/m(3), 5.00~9.99 mg/m(3), and >10.00 mg/m(3)) , the acid-proof respirator showed a high filtration efficiency within exposure to 1.5 hours: 95.73%, 98.67%, 98.14%, and 97.78%, respectively, when exposure duration extended to 4 hours, the filtration efficiency of the acid-proof respirator decreased to 91.97%, 82.28%, 70.12%, and 58.56%, respectively. CONCLUSION Both the particulate and the acid-proof N95 FFRs met national standards on the particulate filtration efficiency. The acid-proof N95 respirator demonstrates to be more effective in filtering HF and SO2 than the particulate respirator. The filtration efficiency could decrease to an unsafe condition under longer exposure duration, timely replacement of respirator is recommended at the workplace.
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Chen C, Kong W, Zhu L, Zhou Y, Peng H, Shao Y, Song H, Liu Q, Li G, Shi J, Zhong C, Zhu L, Ding X, Yu H, Yang H, Lu W. Evaluation of the GenoType(®) MTBDRplus line probe assay on sputum-positive samples in routine settings in China. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 18:1034-9. [PMID: 25189549 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid molecular methods have been recommended for early detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of the GenoType(®) MTBDRplus assay in routine settings in China. METHODS Sputum-positive samples were collected consecutively from 1 April to 31 December 2010. MTBDRplus results were compared to those of conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST). The McNemar χ(2) test and κ coefficient were used to assess performance. RESULTS Of 427 smear-positive sputum samples collected, conventional DST and MTBDTplus confirmed drug resistance in 326. The sensitivities and specificities for MTBDRplus in detecting isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) resistance were respectively 76.47%, 95.44%, 85.94% and 93.13%. The McNemar χ(2) test indicated no significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.106 for INH and P = 0.083 for RMP). The κ values for INH, RMP and multidrug resistance were respectively 0.75, 0.75 and 0.70. CONCLUSIONS Although the MTBDRplus assay was moderately concordant with conventional DST in detecting INH and RMP resistance, as a prospective rapid molecular method for MDR-TB detection, potential resistant mutations need to be incorporated to improve the accuracy of detection.
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Ji S, Li A, Wu K, Deng C, Dong F, Li L, Zhou T, Yue W, Wang CY, Lu W. Brief Questionnaire Derived from PANSS Using a General Probability Model to Assess and Monitor the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2016; 49:117-23. [PMID: 26808834 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1569360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Patients with schizophrenia require continuous treatment much longer than the duration of their hospitalization, which makes their family members essential in their medical care. However, the evaluation of the disease state could only be done by professionals. This prompted us to seek potent indicators of disease states that are understandable and easy to use for the patients' family. METHOD Specific items were firstly extracted from the total PANSS scale. Then 3 096 PANSS scores were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM). A questionnaire was subsequently developed for family members to assess and monitor the overall severity of schizophrenia. Finally this questionnaire was validated in 33 patients. RESULTS 2 items (P1 and N4) were extracted from the 8 effective remission items according to the correlation coefficients between the total PANSS score and different combinations of items. P1N4 was defined as the sum of these 2 items. A model was then developed to describe the probability of PANSS≥60, with P1N4 as indicators. The results indicated that P1N4 could make a good predictor of the overall probability of PANSS≥60, which was independent of treatment. A brief questionnaire with 7 questions was developed based on the results. External validation results indicated the questionnaire's suitability for a good assessment. CONCLUSION Questionnaire developed based on P1 and N4 may facilitate the patients' family members to better understand the disease state and help to prevent relapse.
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Wu Y, Wang X, Chang S, Lu W, Liu M, Pang X. -Lapachone Induces NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1- and Oxidative Stress-Dependent Heat Shock Protein 90 Cleavage and Inhibits Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:466-475. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Li L, Fu R, Zhang T, Xie X, Liu J, Tao J, Song J, Liu H, Zhang W, Lu W, Shao Z. Hematogones: a sensitive prognostic factor for Chinese adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e123-30. [PMID: 27122980 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematogones (hgs) are normal B-lymphocyte precursors that increase in some hematologic diseases. Many studies indicate that hgs might be a favourable prognostic factor. We thus considered it important to determine whether hgs are also a prognostic factor for Chinese adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (aml) and whether the hg-positive and hg-negative groups show any serologic or phenotypic differences. METHODS Chinese adult aml patients (n = 177) who were all initially hg-negative underwent standard chemotherapy and were thereafter divided into hg-positive and hg-negative groups according to hg levels in bone marrow during their first remission. RESULTS The follow-up study confirmed that survival duration (both leukemia-free and overall) was significantly greater in the hg-positive group than in the hg-negative group and was accompanied by a lower relapse rate. A retrospective study of patient characteristics at the time of first diagnosis revealed some differences between the hg-positive and the hg-negative groups, including elevations in white blood cells, lactate dehydrogenase, and β2-microglobulin in the hg-negative group. Retrospective phenotypic analysis revealed a significantly lower proportion of abnormal chromosome karyotype and CD34 expression in hg-positive patients. Finally, we evaluated whether additional intensive chemotherapy after standard chemotherapy could further increase hgs. CONCLUSIONS The present work verified the validity of hgs as a prognostic factor for Chinese adult patients with aml. Compared with hg-negative patients, hg-positive patients not only experienced longer survival and a lower relapse rate, but they also had some serologic and phenotypic characteristics that are all considered indicators of better outcome. Additional intensive chemotherapy could further increase the level of hgs, which might imply better clinical results.
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Sun H, Wu PS, Song LY, Hu JY, Dong S, Lu W. [Clinical outcomes of early repair for open orbital fracture]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016; 52:273-7. [PMID: 27094065 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical outcomes following early repair for orbital fracture and soft tissue simultaneously for open orbital fractures. METHODS Retrospective clinical study. This study comprised of 19 patients(20 eyes) with open orbital fracture who underwent surgery within 48 hours in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University between August 2011 and August 2014. The wounds were evaluated at the same time and the surgical debridement was done. The surgical exposure was achieved through direct approach and auxiliary cosmetic incisions. Titanium mesh and plate was used for orbital reconstruction. Local flaps or island flaps were used for soft tissue repair. With the post-operative CT scan, the condition of the soft tissue which was herniated, the orbital rim and orbital wall were observed. The measurement of the exophthalmos of both eyes was performed using Hertel exophthalmometer. Compared with the intact eye, the globe displacement (upward or downward) of the reconstructed eye was measured. The follow up duration was 12-24 months. The eye movement, diplopia, restriction of mouth opening, depression of midface, the condition of soft tissue and scar as well as post-operative complications were recorded. Comparison of the reconstructed eye's globe displacement before and after operation were analyzed with wilcoxon signed ranks test. Comparison of the exophthalmos of the reconstructed eye relative to the intact eye were analyzed with t-paired test. RESULTS In all 19 cases (20 eyes), fractures were anatomically reconstructed, and no cases of infection, titanium mesh and plate migration and rejection occured during the follow-up. Seven cases had eyeball hypoglobus with median 3.0 mm (min 2.0 mm, max 4.0 mm) pre-operatively. The Reconstructed eye globe were corrected in 6 cases and 1 case had residual hypoglobus of 1.0 mm ,median 0.0 mm (min 0.0 mm, max 1.0 mm). The amount of the eye globe displacement between pre-and post-operation was statistically significant(z=-2.40, P<0.05). Enophthalmos was corrected in 16 cases (the mean of posterior globe displacement in reconstructed orbit relative to intact orbit was less than or equal to 2.0mm), but in 2 patients the residual enophthalmos was 3.0 mm. The difference of the exophthalmos of both eyes was not obvious (t=-0.46,P>0.05). Among 20 eyes, 16 patients had restrictive eye movement. After 12 months follow-up, 13 eyes with restrictive eye movement were corrected while the other 3 showed improvement. Eight patients of restriction of mouth opening or midface depression were corrected and no infection complications were noted. There was no flap necrosis in 13 patients of soft tissue defect. CONCLUSION Surgical treatment of open orbital fractures with simultaneous repair of orbital fracture and soft tissue within 48 hours after trauma could correct enophthalmos, hypoglobus and eye movement function effectively and improve periorbital aesthetics. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52: 273-277).
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Lu W, Chen LL, Lu Q, Sun SP, Lei YB, Chen XQ, Mi S, Mo LY. [Cortical auditory evoked potentials in congenital hearing impaired children with cochlear implants]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2016; 51:241-6. [PMID: 27095714 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By investigating the auditory cortical evoked potential in congenital hearing impaired children with cochlear implants, the association between central auditory development and the age of implantation was studied. METHODS P1-N1-P2 were recorded in 110 profound hearing impaired children, aged from 12 to 80 months old and being implanted with cochlear implants before the age of 5 years. Their implant using time ranged from just at the switch-on to 48 months. The stimuli were /m/, /t/, /g/, presented at 65 dB SPL in sound field. The presence rate of each wave was obtained and the relationship between P1 latency and implant age, the time of speech processor switch-on were analyzed. RESULTS The presence rate of P1, N1 and P2 was 66.4%, 15.5% and 12.7%, respectively. The presence of P1 was significantly higher than that of N1(χ(2)=228.542, P=0.00)and P2(χ(2)=257.438, P=0.00). There was no significant difference of P1 presence rate elicited by /m/, /t/ and /g/(64.1%, 66.9% and 68.3%, χ(2)=0.589, P=0.75). There existed no significant difference either among P1 latency(P=0.22)or amplitude(P=0.09) elicited by /m/, /t/ and /g/. There was significant difference between the implant age before and after 42-month-old regarding the proportion that entered the age-appropriate normal P1 latency range(P=0.02). No significant difference was found among groups of implant using time of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years in aspect of the proportion that entered the age-appropriate normal P1 latency range(P=1.00). CONCLUSIONS Compared with implanted after the age of 42-month-old children with prelingual hearing impairment younger than 5 years old, the ones implanted before 42-month-old have more chance for normal development for central auditory system. Once implanted before 42-month-old, the cortical auditory system restored its normal development as early as 1 year after implantation.
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Lu W, Xiu X, Zhao Y, Gui M. Improved Proliferation and Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Vascular Endothelial Cells With Sphingosine 1-Phosphate. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2035-40. [PMID: 26293094 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The practical use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), considered to be the best candidate in the field of regenerative medicine, is limited by the low efficiency of MSC differentiation. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) could promote proliferation, survival, and differentiation of many types of cells, but its effects on MSCs remain elusive. In this study, S1P was added during primary MSCs (PR-MSCs) culture and the effects of S1P on proliferation, survival, and differentiation of PR-MSCs were evaluated. The results showed that S1P could improve PR-MSCs proliferation activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and the apoptosis of PR-MSCs cultured in hypoxia was significantly reduced in the S1P-treated group compared to the control group. After being cultured with vascular endothelial growth factor for 7 days, the specific genes of endothelial cells were highly expressed in S1P-treated PR-MSCs compared to control group, which coincided with the augumented production of hepatocyte growth factor, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. In summary, our results suggest that S1P can promote proliferation, survival, and differentiation into vascular endothelial cells of PR-MSCs. These results will promote the clinical application of PR-MSCs and deepen our understanding of the function mechanism of S1P.
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Lu W. Could intensive anti-hypertensive therapy produce the "J-curve effect" in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension after revascularization? EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:1350-1355. [PMID: 27097958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervention and prospective long-term follow-up was performed to observe the presence of the "J-curve effect" in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) who underwent intensive anti-hypertensive therapy after (PCI or CABG). PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred and thirty-six successive CAD patients were included in this study, 67 patients with CAD only (Group A) and the 369 patients with both CAD and hypertension who were randomly assigned to Group B (no control of blood pressure (BP), n=72), Group C (n=83, target BP 130-140/80-90 mmHg), Group D (n=78, target BP 120-130/75-80 mmHg), Group E (n=74, target BP 110-120/70-75 mmHg) and Group F (n=62, target BP <110/70 mmHg). All patients had undergone revascularization and anti-hypertensive therapy. The composite endpoint was the end of the follow-up, i.e. major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization) and stroke. RESULTS 1) Results showed that smoking, total cholesterol (Tc), low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), β-blockers, ACEI or ARB (except for Group A and Group B), diuretics and follow-up duration among the 6 groups were not significantly different, However significantly lower than those results on admission (p<0.05). The difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significant, p<0.05, both BP achieved target values. 2) The "J-curve effect" was present in the actual occurrence of composite endpoint and MACE for SBP and DBP, with a reasonable BP-lowering range of 120-130/75-80 mmHg, while the "J-curve effect" was absent in the occurrence of stroke. CONCLUSIONS For the patients who had CAD and hypertension, intensive anti-hypertensive therapy could produce the "J-curve effect" after revascularization with the optimal blood pressure (BP) range being 120-130/75-80 mmHg.
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Xu XL, Hua JF, Wu YP, Zhang CJ, Li F, Wan Y, Pai CH, Lu W, An W, Yu P, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Mori WB. Physics of Phase Space Matching for Staging Plasma and Traditional Accelerator Components Using Longitudinally Tailored Plasma Profiles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:124801. [PMID: 27058082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.124801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phase space matching between two plasma-based accelerator (PBA) stages and between a PBA and a traditional accelerator component is a critical issue for emittance preservation. The drastic differences of the transverse focusing strengths as the beam propagates between stages and components may lead to a catastrophic emittance growth even when there is a small energy spread. We propose using the linear focusing forces from nonlinear wakes in longitudinally tailored plasma density profiles to control phase space matching between sections with negligible emittance growth. Several profiles are considered and theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations show how these structures may work in four different scenarios. Good agreement between theory and simulation is obtained, and it is found that the adiabatic approximation misses important physics even for long profiles.
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Li C, Jiang Z, Lu W, Arrick D, McCarter K, Sun H. Effect of obesity on early blood–brain barrier disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Obes Sci Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/osp4.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sun L, Guo JW, Lu W, Zhang WH, Feng YC, Yang Y, Qian C, Fang X, Ma HY, Zhang XZ, Zhao HW. Advancement of highly charged ion beam production by superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL (invited). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:02A707. [PMID: 26931925 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
At Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source SECRAL (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou) has been put into operation for about 10 years now. It has been the main working horse to deliver intense highly charged heavy ion beams for the accelerators. Since its first plasma at 18 GHz, R&D work towards more intense highly charged ion beam production as well as the beam quality investigation has never been stopped. When SECRAL was upgraded to its typical operation frequency 24 GHz, it had already showed its promising capacity of very intense highly charged ion beam production. And it has also provided the strong experimental support for the so called scaling laws of microwave frequency effect. However, compared to the microwave power heating efficiency at 18 GHz, 24 GHz microwave heating does not show the ω(2) scale at the same power level, which indicates that microwave power coupling at gyrotron frequency needs better understanding. In this paper, after a review of the operation status of SECRAL with regard to the beam availability and stability, the recent study of the extracted ion beam transverse coupling issues will be discussed, and the test results of the both TE01 and HE11 modes will be presented. A general comparison of the performance working with the two injection modes will be given, and a preliminary analysis will be introduced. The latest results of the production of very intense highly charged ion beams, such as 1.42 emA Ar(12+), 0.92 emA Xe(27+), and so on, will be presented.
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Lu W, Qian C, Sun LT, Zhang XZ, Fang X, Guo JW, Yang Y, Feng YC, Ma BH, Xiong B, Ruan L, Zhao HW, Zhan WL, Xie D. High intensity high charge state ion beam production with an evaporative cooling magnet ECRIS. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:02A738. [PMID: 26931956 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
LECR4 (Lanzhou ECR ion source No. 4) is a room temperature electron cyclotron resonance ion source, designed to produce high current, high charge state ion beams for the SSC-LINAC injector (a new injector for sector separated cyclotron) at the Institute of Modern Physics. LECR4 also serves as a PoP machine for the application of evaporative cooling technology in accelerator field. To achieve those goals, LECR4 ECR ion source has been optimized for the operation at 18 GHz. During 2014, LECR4 ion source was commissioned at 18 GHz microwave of 1.6 kW. To further study the influence of injection stage to the production of medium and high charge state ion beams, in March 2015, the injection stage with pumping system was installed, and some optimum results were produced, such as 560 eμA of O(7+), 620 eμA of Ar(11+), 430 eμA of Ar(12+), 430 eμA of Xe(20+), and so on. The comparison will be discussed in the paper.
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Xiong B, Ruan L, Gu GB, Lu W, Zhang XZ, Zhan WL. The characteristic of evaporative cooling magnet for ECRIS. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:02A719. [PMID: 26931937 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Compared with traditional de-ionized pressurized-water cooled magnet of ECRIS, evaporative cooling magnet has some special characteristics, such as high cooling efficiency, simple maintenance, and operation. The analysis is carried out according to the design and operation of LECR4 (Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source No. 4, since July 2013), whose magnet is cooled by evaporative cooling technology. The insulation coolant replaces the de-ionized pressurized-water to absorb the heat of coils, and the physical and chemical properties of coolant remain stable for a long time with no need for purification or filtration. The coils of magnet are immersed in the liquid coolant. For the higher cooling efficiency of coolant, the current density of coils can be greatly improved. The heat transfer process executes under atmospheric pressure, and the temperature of coils is lower than 70 °C when the current density of coils is 12 A/mm(2). On the other hand, the heat transfer temperature of coolant is about 50 °C, and the heat can be transferred to fresh air which can save cost of water cooling system. Two years of LECR4 stable operation show that evaporative cooling technology can be used on magnet of ECRIS, and the application advantages are very obvious.
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