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McVey BFP, König D, Cheng X, O'Mara PB, Seal P, Tan X, Tahini HA, Smith SC, Gooding JJ, Tilley RD. Synthesis, optical properties and theoretical modelling of discrete emitting states in doped silicon nanocrystals for bioimaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15600-15607. [PMID: 30090899 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The creation of multiple emission pathways in quantum dots (QDs) is an exciting prospect with fundamental interest and optoelectronic potential. For the first time, we report multiple emission pathways in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) where the number of emission pathways desired is controlled by the number of dopant atoms per quantum dot. The origin of additional emission pathways is explained by interactions between dopant states and NC energy levels. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of undoped 2.3 nm silicon (Si NCs) and the same NCs doped with 2 interstitial Cu atoms show good agreement to experiment. Such calculations provide valuable data to explain the changes in optical transitions due to the Cu dopant in terms of transition energies, quantum yield and dopant position as a function of dopants per NC. Changes in the optical properties of Si NCs induced by dopant concentration include extended excitation range and enhanced absorption coefficients, emission redshifts of up to 60 nm, and a two-fold increase in quantum yields up to 22%. The optical properties of doped NCs lead to significant bioimaging improvements illustrated by in vitro cell imaging, including redshifted excitation wavelengths away from natural autofluorescence and enhanced fluorescent signals.
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Galla S, Chakraborty S, Cheng X, Yeo J, Mell B, Zhang H, Mathew AV, Vijay-Kumar M, Joe B. Disparate effects of antibiotics on hypertension. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:837-845. [PMID: 30095376 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are associated with a variety of complex polygenic diseases. The usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics by patients affected by such diseases is an important environmental factor to consider, because antibiotics, which are widely prescribed to curb pathological bacterial infections, also indiscriminately eliminate gut commensal microbiota. However, the extent to which antibiotics reshape gut microbiota and per se contribute to these complex diseases is understudied. Because genetics play an important role in predisposing individuals to these modern diseases, we hypothesize that the extent to which antibiotics influence complex diseases depends on the host genome and metagenome. The current study tests this hypothesis in the context of hypertension, which is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A 3 × 2 factorial design was used to test the blood pressure (BP) and microbiotal effects of three different antibiotics, neomycin, minocycline, and vancomycin, on two well-known, preclinical, genetic models of hypertension, the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), both of which develop hypertension, but for different genetic reasons. Regardless of the class, oral administration of antibiotics increased systolic blood pressure of the S rat, while minocycline and vancomycin, but not neomycin, lowered systolic blood pressure in the SHR. These disparate BP effects were accompanied by significant alterations in gut microbiota. Our study highlights the need to consider an individualized approach for the usage of antibiotics among hypertensives, as their BP could be affected differentially based on their individual genetic and microbiotal communities.
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Lv J, Xiong Y, Li W, Cui X, Cheng X, Leng Q, He R. IL-37 inhibits IL-4/IL-13-induced CCL11 production and lung eosinophilia in murine allergic asthma. Allergy 2018; 73:1642-1652. [PMID: 29319845 DOI: 10.1111/all.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-37 is emerging as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, particularly in innate inflammation. However, the role of IL-37 in Th2-mediated allergic lung inflammation remains uncertain. We sought to determine the role and the underlying mechanisms of IL-37 in the development of house dust mites (HDM)-induced murine asthma model. METHODS We examined the effect of IL-37 administration during the sensitization or challenge phase on Th2-mediated allergic asthma induced by inhaled HDM. Cellular source of CCL11 and distribution of IL-37 receptors, IL-18Rα and IL-1R8, were determined in HDM-exposed lungs. Finally, we examined the effect of IL-37 on CCL11 production and STAT6 activation in different primary lung structural cell types upon IL-4/IL-13 stimulation. RESULTS IL-37 had no effect on HDM sensitization, but when administrated during the challenge phase, significantly attenuated pulmonary eosinophilia, CCL11 production, and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR). Interestingly, IL-37 treatment had no significant effects on lung infiltrating T cells and Th2 cytokine production. Intranasal co-administration of CCL11 reversed the inhibiting effect of IL-37 on HDM-induced pulmonary eosinophilia and AHR. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CCL11 was primarily expressed by fibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells (AMSC), while IL-37 receptors by tracheobronchial epithelial cells (TEC). In vitro study showed that IL-37 inhibited IL-4/IL-13-induced STAT6 activation and CCL11 production by fibroblasts and AMSC, which was dependent on its direct action on TEC. Moreover, cell contact was required for the inhibitory effect of IL-37-treated TEC. CONCLUSIONS IL-37 attenuates HDM-induced asthma, possibly by inhibiting IL-4/IL-13-induced CCL11 production by fibroblasts and AMSC via its direct act on TEC.
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Zheng GY, Zhan JH, Luo JH, Cheng X. [Effect of alprostadil on wound healing of scalded rats and the mechanism]. ZHONGHUA SHAO SHANG ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA SHAOSHANG ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF BURNS 2018; 34:380-385. [PMID: 29961297 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore effect of alprostadil on wound healing of scalded rats and the mechanism. Methods: According to random number table method, forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham scald group, simple scald group, lithium chloride group, and alprostadil group, with 12 rats in each group. Rats in sham injury group were sham injured on the back, and rats in the other three groups were inflicted with 30% total body surface area deep partial thickness scald on the back.Immediately after scald, rats in sham scald group and simple scald group were injected with 1 mL saline through caudal vein, and rats in lithium chloride group and alprostadil group were injected respectively with 1 mL lithium chloride and alprostadil through caudal vein. Saline, lithium chloride, and alprostadil were injected once in a day and lasted for 14 days. General wound appearance and wound healing rate on post scald day (PSD) 7, 10, 14 were observed and calculated. Expressions of protein and mRNA of Wnt1 and β-catenin on PSD 14 were detected. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design, one-way analysis of variance, Student Newman Keuls q test, t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) On PSD 7, wounds of scalded rats in each group formed dry eschar and had little exudation. On PSD 10, wounds of rats in simple scald group were covered with eschar, with little exudation, and wounds of rats in lithium chloride group were covered with eschar, and partial wounds healed under the eschar. On PSD 10, partial eschar of rats in alprostadil group desquamated; partial wounds healed; newly burned skin was ruddy. On PSD 14, partial wounds of rats in simple scald group were healed under eschar with little exudation. On PSD 14, most of the eschar of rats in lithium chloride group were desquamated with patial wounds healed and little exudation. On PSD 14, wounds of rats in alprostadil group were basically healed with vigorously growing hair on the back. (2) On PSD 7, the wound healing rates of rats in simple scald group, lithium chloride group, and alprostadil group were close (F=0.41, P>0.05). On PSD 10 and 14, wound healing rate of rats in lithium chloride group and alprostadil group were significantly higher than that in simple scald group (q=5.73, 17.45, 26.30, 11.28, P<0.05), and wound healing rate of rats in alprostadil group was significantly higher than that in lithium chloride group (q=32.03, 28.73, P<0.05). (3) On PSD 14, the mRNA expressions of Wnt1 and β-catenin of rats in lithium chloride group and alprostadil group were significantly higher than those in simple scald group (q=65.40, 19.16, 66.79, 18.41, P<0.05), and the mRNA expressions of Wnt1 and β-catenin of rats in simple scald group was significantly higher than those in sham scald group (t=14.86, 4.46, P<0.05). (4) On PSD 14, the protein expressions of Wnt1 and β-catenin of rats in lithium chloride group and alprostadil group were 0.98±0.05, 0.98±0.06, 0.97±0.06, and 1.00±0.06, which were significantly higher than 0.49±0.04 and 0.66±0.04 of rats in simple scald group (q=34.62, 22.38, 33.61, 23.47, P<0.05). On PSD 14, the protein expressions of Wnt1 and β-catenin of rats in simple scald group was significantly higher than 0.29±0.03 and 0.31±0.03 of rats in sham scald group (q=14.73, 23.88, P<0.05). Conclusions: Alprostadil can accelerate wound healing through activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and upregulating the expressions of Wnt1 and β-catenin.
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Schaffrath A, Cheng X, Liu X, Yang Y. 2 nd Sino-German Symposium on Fundamentals of Advanced Nuclear Safety Technology. KERNTECHNIK 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/124.018031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang Z, Mi Z, Wang H, Sun L, Yu G, Fu X, Wang C, Bao F, Yue Z, Zhao Q, Wang N, Cheng X, Liu H, Zhang F. Discovery of 4 exonic and 1 intergenic novel susceptibility loci for leprosy. Clin Genet 2018; 94:259-263. [PMID: 29722023 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seven new risk coding variants have been identified through an exome-wide association study (EWAS), which studied the contributions of protein-coding variants to leprosy susceptibility. But some potential susceptibility loci were not studied in the previous EWAS study because of the project consideration. Seventeen unstudied potential susceptibility loci of the previous EWAS were validated in 3169 cases and 9814 controls in this study. Four disease-associated exonic loci were identified: rs671 in ALDH2 (P = 2.0 × 10-20 , odds ratio [OR] = 1.35), rs13259978 in SLC7A2 (P = 1.74 × 10-8 , OR = 1.28), rs925368 in GIT2 (P = 9.18 × 10-17 , OR = 1.44), and rs75680863 in TCN2 (P = 8.37 × 10-21 , OR = 0.74). Potentially implicating ZFP36L1 as a new susceptibility gene, 1 intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1465788 (P = 7.81 × 10-6 , OR = 0.88), was also suggested to be associated with leprosy. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the rs1465788 risk allele notably decreased the transcription activity of the flanking sequence. These findings suggest the possible involvement of lipid metabolism, NF-κB homeostasis and macrophage antimicrobial pathways in leprosy pathogenesis.
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Zhao M, Liu X, Badea A, Feuerstein F, Cheng X. Comparison of heat transfer models with databank of supercritical fluid. KERNTECHNIK 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Because of the large variation of thermal–physical properties near pseudo-critical point, heat transfer of supercritical water shows abnormal behavior. Thus, an accurate prediction of heat transfer between the cladding and fluid plays a very important role. It is necessary to investigate the reliably of heat transfer models in the vicinity of the pseudo-critical point. In the frame of evaluating the present HT models and developing new reliable prediction models, databank of heat transfer of supercritical water flowing in tube were established by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) with more than 35,000 experimental data. A thorough analysis and assessment was carried out, to give an insight into the characters of the database. Experimental data from different sources are compared to figure out the deviation between different sources and to present the reliability of the database.
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Cheng X, Feuerstein F, Klingel D, Yu DL. Mechanistic prediction of post dryout heat transfer and rewetting. KERNTECHNIK 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Post dryout heat transfer and rewetting are important processes determining the level and the time duration of high temperature phase and the integrity of the fuel cladding. In spite of extensive studies in the past decades, reliable prediction methods are still missing due to the complexity of processes involved, which consist mainly of interaction between solid wall, main gas flow and droplets. In the present study, a phenomenological model is proposed considering the three individual heat transfer processes between the three parts. Main new features of the present model compared to the models available in the open literature are the mechanistic modeling of (a) droplet concentration and droplet size, (b) turbulent fluctuation velocity of droplets and its critical value, (c) evaporation rate of droplets arriving the wall. Comparison of the new model with selected experimental data shows at least qualitatively good agreement. The experimental behavior of wall temperature can be well explained. According to the new model the Leidenfrost effect results in the hysteresis behavior of wall temperature.
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Zhang J, Han Y, Wang Y, Cheng X, Wang CJ. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition reduces brain damage by promoting collateral recruitment in a cerebral hypoxia-ischemia mice model. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018; 22:3166-3172. [PMID: 29863262 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201805_15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The collateral circulation development is considered as a compensatory inherent mechanism to restore damaged blood perfusion after ischemia. We aimed to detect the collateral flow and the mean blood-flow velocities (mBFVs) level in the basilar trunk during or after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the mice brain and explore the effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition on the collateral flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice and the nNOS knockout (KO) mice were randomly divided into a sham-operated group (control) and the hypoxia-ischemia (HI) groups that were treated with the phosphate buffered solution (PBS) control or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). Cortexes were harvested after the HI treatment for analysis of nNOS expression using Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ultrasound imaging experiments were performed to detect the collateral flow and the mBFVs level in the basilar trunk. RESULTS After cerebral HI, the cortical nNOS mRNA and protein levels increased markedly compared with the sham-operated control mice. Besides, 7-NI treatment had no effect on the blood flow in the sham-operated control mice. What's more, either the 7-NI pretreatment or the nNOS gene knockdown before the HI procedure could attenuate the brain injury by the increased collateral flow and the decreased mBFVs level in the basilar trunk. CONCLUSIONS nNOS inhibition protected hypoxic-ischemic-induced mice brain damage by the increased collateral flow and the decreased mBFVs level in the basilar trunk. Therefore, the 7-NI administration may have potential utility for the treatment of HI injury in human beings.
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Guan W, Cheng X, Huang J, Huber G, Li W, McCammon JA, Zhang B. RPYFMM: Parallel Adaptive Fast Multipole Method for Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa Tensor in Biomolecular Hydrodynamics Simulations. COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 227:99-108. [PMID: 30147116 PMCID: PMC6107314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RPYFMM is a software package for the efficient evaluation of the potential field governed by the Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa (RPY) tensor interactions in biomolecular hydrodynamics simulations. In our algorithm, the RPY tensor is decomposed as a linear combination of four Laplace interactions, each of which is evaluated using the adaptive fast multipole method (FMM) [1] where the exponential expansions are applied to diagonalize the multipole-to-local translation operators. RPYFMM offers a unified execution on both shared and distributed memory computers by leveraging the DASHMM library [2, 3]. Preliminary numerical results show that the interactions for a molecular system of 15 million particles (beads) can be computed within one second on a Cray XC30 cluster using 12, 288 cores, while achieving approximately 54% strong-scaling efficiency.
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Cheng X, Bonefacino J, Guan BO, Tam HY. All-polymer fiber-optic pH sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:14610-14616. [PMID: 29877495 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.014610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel all-polymer fiber-optic pH sensor using a UV-cured pH-sensitive hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), coated on a polymer fiber Bragg grating was developed. The PEGDA increased in volume according to the pH value of the surrounding fluid, which subsequently induced a lateral stress in the polymer fiber Bragg grating. The proposed pH sensor exhibits a pH sensitivity of up to -0.41 nm/pH and a fast response time of 30 s.
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Cheng X. [The anti-inflammatory therapy of coronary atherosclerosis:rainbow after the storm]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2018; 46:341-343. [PMID: 29804434 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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113
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Guo F, Cheng X, Hsieh E, Du X, Fu Q, Peng W, Li Y, Song X, Routy JP, Li T. Prospective plasma efavirenz concentration assessment in Chinese HIV-infected adults enrolled in a large multicentre study. HIV Med 2018; 19:10.1111/hiv.12607. [PMID: 29761920 PMCID: PMC6538474 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have explored the optimal dosing for efavirenz in individuals from China. We investigated plasma efavirenz concentrations and their association with efficacy and tolerance of efavirenz 600 mg daily in Chinese HIV-infected adults. METHODS An analysis was performed using plasma samples from 455 patients enrolled in a prospective multicentre trial in China. A total of 1198 plasma samples collected at weeks 4, 24 and 48 following antiretroviral therapy initiation were analysed. The mid-dose interval efavirenz concentrations (C12 ) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The median efavirenz concentration (interquartile range) steadily increased over time from 3.02 (2.28-4.23) to 3.71 (2.91-4.91) mg/L from week 4 to 48 (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with C12 > 4.0 mg/L also rose from 28.0% to 34.2% and 43.8%, measured at 4, 24 and 48 weeks, respectively (P < 0.001). Five patients had efavirenz concentrations < 1.0 mg/L at week 4, 24 or 48. In the multivariable regression analysis, lower body weight and non-Han ethnicities were associated with higher efavirenz concentrations over time. At each time-point, patients with a body weight < 60 kg had significantly higher efavirenz C12 compared with those with body weight ≥ 60 kg (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Efavirenz concentrations increased steadily over 48 weeks, and a substantial proportion of participants had efavirenz C12 above the upper limit of the proposed therapeutic window, especially those with low body weight (< 60 kg). Based upon these findings, a dosage reduction of efavirenz to 400 mg daily may warrant consideration in this population, especially for those with lower body weight.
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Fogel I, Guerrero-Zayas M, Wang X, Cheng X, Paller A. 1421 Topical glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor speeds wound healing in diabetic mice. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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115
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Wang J, Li Y, Huang Z, Wan W, Zhang Y, Wang C, Cheng X, Ye F, Liu K, Fei G, Zeng M, Jin L. Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging features of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in de novo
Parkinson's disease and its phenotypes. Eur J Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29520900 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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116
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Cheng X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Deng W, Wang L, Duanmu Y, Li K, Yan D, Xu L, Wu C, Shen W, Tian W. The optimal anatomic site for a single slice to estimate the total volume of visceral adipose tissue by using the quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in Chinese population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1567-1575. [PMID: 29559725 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the cross-sectional visceral adipose tissue (VAT) areas at different anatomic sites and the total VAT volume in a healthy Chinese population using quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and to identify the optimal anatomic site for a single slice to estimate the total VAT volume. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 389 healthy Chinese subjects aged 19-63 years underwent lumbar spine QCT scans. The cross-sectional area of total adipose tissue and VAT were measured using the tissue composition module of the software (QCT Pro, Mindways) at each intervertebral disc level from T12/L1 to L5/S1, as well as at the umbilical level. The total VAT volume was defined as the fat areas multiplied by the height of vertebral body for all six slices. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between single-slice VAT areas and the total VAT volume. Moreover, the optimal anatomic site for a single slice to estimate the total VAT volume was identified by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The cross-sectional area of VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measured at each anatomic site was all highly correlated with the total VAT volume and the total SAT volume (r = 0.89-0.98). Additionally, the VAT area measured at the L2/L3 level showed the strongest correlation with the total VAT volume (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). Covariates including age, gender, BMI, waist, and hypertension make a slight effect on the prediction of the total VAT volume. CONCLUSION It is feasible to perform measurements of VAT area on a single slice at L2/L3 level for estimating the total VAT volume.
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Su W, Guo Y, Erdélyi R, Ning ZJ, Ding MD, Cheng X, Tan BL. Period Increase and Amplitude Distribution of Kink Oscillation of Coronal Loop. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540756 PMCID: PMC5851991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronal loops exist ubiquitously in the solar atmosphere. These loops puzzle astronomers over half a century. Solar magneto-seismology (SMS) provides a unique way to constrain the physical parameters of coronal loops. Here, we study the evolution of oscillations of a coronal loop observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). We measure geometric and physical parameters of the loop oscillations. In particular, we find that the mean period of the oscillations increased from 1048 to 1264 s during three oscillatory cycles. We employ the differential emission measure method and apply the tools of SMS. The evolution of densities inside and outside the loop is analyzed. We found that an increase of density inside the loop and decrease of the magnetic field strength along the loop are the main reasons for the increase in the period during the oscillations. Besides, we also found that the amplitude profile of the loop is different from a profile would it be a homogeneous loop. It is proposed that the distribution of magnetic strength along the loop rather than density stratification is responsible for this deviation. The variation in period and distribution of amplitude provide, in terms of SMS, a new and unprecedented insight into coronal loop diagnostics.
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Li MJ, Li HR, Cheng X, Bi R, Tu XY, Liu F, Chen LH. [Clinical significance of targeting drug-based molecular biomarkers expression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2018; 52:835-843. [PMID: 29325268 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the expression level of targeting drug-based molecular biomarkers in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) tissues and its clinical significance. Methods: A total of 63 OCCC patients included 40 primary OCCC and 23 recurrent OCCC for secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS), who had received primary surgeries at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between January, 2008 and December, 2015 were enrolled, and immunohistochemistry SP method was used to test human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), aurora kinase A (AURKA), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), BRCA2 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissues. Results: The positive rates of EGFR, HER2, AURKA,BRCA1, BRCA2 and PD-L1 in primary and recurrent tumor tissues were respectively 20% (8/40) vs 30% (7/23) , 22% (9/40) vs 35% (8/23) , 38% (15/40) vs 35% (8/23) , 42% (17/40) vs 39% (9/23) , 20% (8/40) vs 22% (5/23) , 25% (10/40) vs 17% (4/23) , and there were no significant differences between primary and recurrent OCCC (all P>0.05). χ(2)-test or Fisher exact analysis revealed that HER2 expression in recurrent tumor tissues had a relationship with chemoresistance (P<0.05), while the expression of other biomarkers showed no significant relationship with chemoresistance (all P>0.05). Further, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with HER2 and AURKA-positive expression had a significantly shorter progression-free survival time in primary OCCC (4 months vs 10 months, log-rank test, P<0.05 for HER2; and 4 months vs 10 months, P<0.05 for AURKA); and a shorter overall survival time after SCS in recurrent OCCC (10 months vs 44 months, P<0.05 for HER2; and 13 months vs 43 months, P<0.05 for AURKA). However, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that none of these 6 biomarkers was independent risk factor of progression-free survival time of primary OCCC or overall survival time after SCS for recurrent OCCC (P>0.05). Conclusion: HER2 and AURKA could serve as prognostic factors in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.
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Yan Y, Li Y, Ma M, Ma W, Cheng X, Xu K. Effects of coexisting BDE-47 on the migration and biodegradation of BDE-99 in river-based aquifer media recharged with reclaimed water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5140-5153. [PMID: 28512710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two prominent polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners have been included in the persistent organic pollutant list, 2,2',4,4',5-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) and 2,2,4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), which have been detected in treated municipal wastewater, river water, and sediments in China. A lab-scale column experiment was established to investigate the effects of the competitive sorption of BDE-47 on BDE-99 biodegradation and migration in two types of river-based aquifer soils during groundwater recharge with reclaimed water. Two types of recharge columns were used, filled with either silty clay (SC) or black carbon-amended silty clay (BCA). The decay rate constants of BDE-99 in the BCA and SC systems were 0.186 and 0.13 m-1 in the single-solute system and 0.128 and 0.071 m-1 in the binary-solute system, respectively, showing that the decay of BDE-99 was inhibited by the coexistence of BDE-47. This was particularly evident in the SC system because the higher hydrophobicity of BDE-99 determined the higher affinity and competition for sorption sites onto black carbon. The biodegradation of BDE-99 was suppressed by the coexistence of BDE-47, especially in the SC system. Lesser-brominated congeners (BDE-47 and BDE-28) and higher-brominated congeners (BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183) were generated in the four recharge systems, albeit at different ratios. Bacterial biodiversity was influenced by the presence of BDE-47 in the SC system, while it had no significant effect on the BCA system, because the high sorption capacity of black carbon on the hydrophobic PBDEs effectively reduced their toxicity. The ranking order of the most abundant classes changed markedly due to the coexistence of BDE-47 in both the SC and BCA systems. The ranking order of the most abundant genera changed from Azospira, Methylotenera, Desulfovibrio, Methylibium, and Bradyrhizobium to Halomonas, Hyphomicrobium, Pseudomonas, Methylophaga, and Shewanella, which could be involved in PBDE degradation.
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Ma Y, Ke C, Wan Z, Li Z, Cheng X, Wang X, Zhao J, Ma Y, Ren L, Han H, Zhao Y. Truncation of the Murine Neonatal Fc Receptor Cytoplasmic Tail Does Not Alter IgG Metabolism or Transport In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1413-1424. [PMID: 29298832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is involved in IgG metabolism and transport in placental mammals. However, whether FcRn is responsible for IgG transfer from maternal serum to colostrum/milk is controversial. Interestingly, large domestic animals, such as cows, pigs, sheep, and horses, in which passive IgG transfer is exclusively completed via colostrum/milk, all express an FcRn α-chain that is shorter in the cytoplasmic tail (CYT) than its counterparts in humans and rodents. To address whether the length variation has any functional significance, we performed in vitro experiments using the Transwell system with the MDCK cell line stably transfected with various FcRn constructs; these clearly suggested that truncation of the CYT tail caused a polar change in IgG transfer. However, we observed no evidence supporting functional changes in IgG in vivo using mice in which the FcRn CYT was precisely truncated. These data suggest that the length variation in FcRn is not functionally associated with passive IgG transfer routes in mammals.
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Hao Q, Yang K, Cheng X, Guo Y, Fang C, Ding MD, Chen PF, Li Z. A circular white-light flare with impulsive and gradual white-light kernels. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2202. [PMID: 29259174 PMCID: PMC5736556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
White-light flares are the flares with emissions visible in the optical continuum. They are thought to be rare and pose the most stringent requirements in energy transport and heating in the lower atmosphere. Here we present a nearly circular white-light flare on 10 March 2015 that was well observed by the Optical and Near-infrared Solar Eruption Tracer and Solar Dynamics Observatory. In this flare, there appear simultaneously both impulsive and gradual white-light kernels. The generally accepted thick-target model would be responsible for the impulsive kernels but not sufficient to interpret the gradual kernels. Some other mechanisms including soft X-ray backwarming or downward-propagating Alfvén waves, acting jointly with electron beam bombardment, provide a possible interpretation. However, the origin of this kind of white-light kernel is still an open question that induces more observations and researches in the future to decipher it.
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Cheng X, Liu XJ. Research Challenges of Heat Transfer to Supercritical Fluids. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4037117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical fluids (SCFs) become more and more important in various engineering applications. In nuclear power systems, SCFs are considered as coolant of the reactor core such as the supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR), superconducting magnets and blankets in the fusion reactors, or as fluid in the energy conversion systems of the next generation nuclear reactors. Accurate determination of heat transfer and the temperature of the structural material (e.g., fuel rod cladding) is of crucial importance for the system design. Thus, extensive studies on heat transfer to SCFs have been carried out in the past five decades and are still ongoing worldwide. However, no breakthrough is recognized or expected in the near future. In this paper, the status, main challenges, and future R&D needs are briefly reviewed. Three aspects are taken into consideration, i.e., experimental studies, numerical analysis, and model development for the prediction of heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Several key challenges and also the important subjects of the future R&D needs are identified. They are (a) data base for turbulence quantities, (b) multisolution of wall temperature, (c) extensive Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (ERANS) method, and (d) new prediction method for HTC.
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Cheng X, Li P, Chen Z, Zhang N, Zhen Y, Zhao L, Wang X, Wu R. Break-through bleeding in relation to pharmacokinetics of Factor VIII in paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2017; 24:120-125. [PMID: 29194866 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the pharmacokinetics (PK) of factor VIII (FVIII) is individualized in children with haemophilia A (HA), PK parameters may be indicators of patients' bleeding phenotype and instruction for their personalized replacement program. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between PK/FVIII level and bleeding frequency in Chinese paediatric patients with severe (HA). METHODS A total of 24 patients were enrolled in Beijing Children's Hospital from February to October 2015, all of whom were given 50 IU/kg of FVIII concentrates after a 72-hours washout period. Samples' activities (FVIII:C) were tested at 5 time points, using WinNonlin software for PK testing, and then the individual half-life(t1/2 ) and the time (h) of FVIII concentrations <1 IU/dL within a week during prophylaxis were calculated. Baseline and the annual bleeding rate (ABR), annual joint bleeding rate (AJBR) were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The mean t1/2 of FVIII was 10.20 ± 2.72 hours and the mean time of FVIII <1 IU/dL in 1 week was 44.7 hours (-38.56 to 102.33 hours). A significant relationship between t1/2 of FVIII and ABR0 /AJBR0 (baseline bleeding) was found (R2 = 0.75 and 0.62, P < .001). Besides, baseline and the annual bleeding rate during prophylactic treatment of haemophilia had a positive correlation with the time (hours) of FVIII <1 IU/dL in 1 week (R2 = 0.67 and 0.52, P < .001). CONCLUSION t1/2 was an important indicator to prevent bleeding in severe HA; the frequency of bleeding will be reduced with the increased of t1/2 of FVIII. The data also demonstrates that increasing the time with a FVIII<1 IU/dL is associated with an increased rate of bleeding during prophylaxis.
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Khodak A, Titus P, Brown T, Klabacha J, Nielsen H, Cheng X, Liu S. 3D Thermal Analysis for CFETR Pre-Superheated Water-Cooled Blanket. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1350478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shi Q, Guo X, Wang Z, Cheng X, Xia L, Li X, Hu W, Zhao F, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang F. P2.01-011 The Efficiency and Safety of Apatinib plus S-1 as Second-Line or Laterline Chemotherapy for Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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