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Tanaka H, Nishibayashi Y, Yoshizawa K. Interplay between Theory and Experiment for Ammonia Synthesis Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:987-95. [PMID: 27105472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is an essential chemical process both biologically and industrially. Since the discovery of the first transition-metal-dinitrogen complex in 1965, a great deal of effort has been devoted to the development of artificial nitrogen fixation systems that work under mild reaction conditions. However, the transformation of chemically inert dinitrogen using homogeneous catalysts is still challenging because of the difficulty in breaking the strong triple bond of dinitrogen, and a very limited number of transition metal complexes have exhibited the catalytic activity for the direct transformation of dinitrogen into ammonia with low turnover numbers. To develop more effective nitrogen fixation systems, it is necessary to retrieve as much information as possible from the limited successful examples. Computational chemistry will provide valuable insights in the understanding of the reaction mechanisms involving unstable intermediates that are hard to isolate or characterize. We have been applying it for clarifying detailed mechanisms of dinitrogen activation and functionalization by transition metal complexes as well as for designing new catalysts for more effective nitrogen fixation. This Account summarizes recent progress in the elucidation of catalytic mechanisms of nitrogen fixation by using mono- and dinuclear molybdenum complexes, as well as cubane-type metal-sulfido clusters from a theoretical point of view. First, we briefly introduce experimental and theoretical contributions to the elucidation of the reaction mechanism of nitrogen fixation catalyzed by a mononuclear Mo-triamidoamine complex. Special attention is paid to our recent studies on Mo-catalyzed nitrogen fixation using dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum complexes. A possible catalytic mechanism is proposed based on theoretical and experimental investigations. The catalytic mechanism involves the formation of a monuclear molybdenum-nitride (Mo≡N) intermediate, as well as the regeneration of a dimolybdenum intermediate with the Mo-N≡N-Mo moiety. Comparison of the reactivity of di- and monomolybdenum complexes suggests that the dimolybdenum structure is essential for the catalytic activity. Synergy between the two Mo cores connected with a bridging N2 ligand is observed in the protonation of coordinated N2. Intermetallic electron transfer through the bridging N2 ligand reductively activates the coordinated N2 to be protonated. On the basis of the proposed catalytic mechanism, we used DFT calculations for rational design of dimolybdenum complexes serving as more effective catalysts for nitrogen fixation. Newly prepared dimolybdenum complexes with modified PNP-type pincer ligands exhibit greater catalytic activity than the original one.
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102
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Nakajima K, Nojima S, Sakata K, Nishibayashi Y. Visible-Light-Mediated Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Cyanoarenes with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines through Double Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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103
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Nakajima K, Nojima S, Sakata K, Nishibayashi Y. Visible‐Light‐Mediated Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Cyanoarenes with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines through Double Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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104
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Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Nitrogen fixation catalyzed by ferrocene-substituted dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum-dinitrogen complexes: unique behavior of ferrocene moiety as redox active site. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3940-3951. [PMID: 29218165 PMCID: PMC5707465 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dinitrogen-bridged dimolybdenum-dinitrogen complexes bearing metallocene-substituted PNP-pincer ligands is synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding monomeric molybdenum-trichloride complexes under 1 atm of molecular dinitrogen. Introduction of ferrocene as a redox-active moiety to the pyridine ring of the PNP-pincer ligand increases the catalytic activity for the formation of ammonia from molecular dinitrogen, up to 45 equiv. of ammonia being formed based on the catalyst (22 equiv. of ammonia based on each molybdenum atom of the catalyst). The time profile for the catalytic reaction reveals that the presence of the ferrocene unit in the catalyst increases the rate of ammonia formation. Electrochemical measurement and theoretical studies indicate that an interaction between the Fe atom of the ferrocene moiety and the Mo atom in the catalyst may play an important role to achieve a high catalytic activity.
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Nishibayashi Y. Recent progress in transition-metal-catalyzed reduction of molecular dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9234-47. [PMID: 26131967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes our recent progress in catalytic nitrogen fixation by using transition-metal-dinitrogen complexes as catalysts. Two reaction systems for the catalytic transformation of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia and its equivalent such as silylamine under ambient reaction conditions have been achieved by the molybdenum-, iron-, and cobalt-dinitrogen complexes as catalysts. Many new findings presented here may provide new access to the development of economical nitrogen fixation in place of the Haber-Bosch process.
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Nishibayashi Y. Molybdenum-catalyzed reduction of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia under ambient reaction conditions. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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107
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Nakajima K, Takata S, Sakata K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis of Phosphabenzenes by an Iron-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Diynes with Phosphaalkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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108
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Nakajima K, Takata S, Sakata K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis of Phosphabenzenes by an Iron-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Diynes with Phosphaalkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7597-601. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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109
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Imayoshi R, Tanaka H, Matsuo Y, Yuki M, Nakajima K, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Cobalt-Catalyzed Transformation of Molecular Dinitrogen into Silylamine under Ambient Reaction Conditions. Chemistry 2015; 21:8905-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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110
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Arashiba K, Kinoshita E, Kuriyama S, Eizawa A, Nakajima K, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Use of Molybdenum–Nitride Complexes Bearing a Tridentate Triphosphine as Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5666-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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111
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Nakajima K, Ashida Y, Nojima S, Nishibayashi Y. Radical Addition to Corannulene Mediated by Visible-light-photoredox Catalysts. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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112
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Yuki M, Sakata K, Hirao Y, Nonoyama N, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Thiolate-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium and Iron Complexes as Robust and Efficient Catalysts toward Oxidation of Molecular Dihydrogen in Protic Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4173-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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113
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Kinoshita E, Arashiba K, Kuriyama S, Eizawa A, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Molybdenum-Nitride Complexes Bearing Pincer Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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114
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Nakajima K, Shibata M, Nishibayashi Y. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylic Etherification of Propargylic Esters with Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2472-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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115
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Senda Y, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Cooperative Catalysis: Enantioselective Propargylic Alkylation of Propargylic Alcohols with Enecarbamates Using Ruthenium/Phosphoramide Hybrid Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4060-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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116
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Senda Y, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Cooperative Catalysis: Enantioselective Propargylic Alkylation of Propargylic Alcohols with Enecarbamates Using Ruthenium/Phosphoramide Hybrid Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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117
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Tanabe Y, Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Correction to Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Arsenic-Containing Arsenic-Nitrogen-Arsenic-Type Pincer Ligand. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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118
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Miyazaki T, Tanaka H, Tanabe Y, Yuki M, Nakajima K, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Cleavage and Formation of Molecular Dinitrogen in a Single System Assisted by Molybdenum Complexes Bearing Ferrocenyldiphosphine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11488-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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119
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Miyazaki T, Tanaka H, Tanabe Y, Yuki M, Nakajima K, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Cleavage and Formation of Molecular Dinitrogen in a Single System Assisted by Molybdenum Complexes Bearing Ferrocenyldiphosphine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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120
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Tanabe Y, Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Arsenic-Containing Arsenic-Nitrogen-Arsenic-Type Pincer Ligand. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5006116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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121
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Miyake Y, Nakajima K, Higuchi Y, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Redox Properties of PNP Pincer Complexes Based on
N
‐Methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 26/2014). Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201490128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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122
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Miyake Y, Nakajima K, Higuchi Y, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Redox Properties of PNP Pincer Complexes Based on
N
‐Methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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123
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Miyake Y, Nakajima K, Higuchi Y, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Redox Properties of PNP Pincer Complexes Based onN-Methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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124
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Kuriyama S, Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Tanaka H, Kamaru N, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Formation of Ammonia from Molecular Dinitrogen by Use of Dinitrogen-Bridged Dimolybdenum–Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing PNP-Pincer Ligands: Remarkable Effect of Substituent at PNP-Pincer Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9719-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5044243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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125
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Arashiba K, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Reactivity of Molybdenum-Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing PNN-Type Pincer Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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