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Song N, Kim SJ, Kwon HY, Son SW, Kim KS, Ahn HB, Lee YC. Transcriptional activation of human GM3 synthase (hST3Gal V) gene by valproic acid in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. BMB Rep 2011; 44:405-9. [PMID: 21699754 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.6.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that valproic acid (VPA) transcriptionally regulates human GM3 synthase (hST3Gal V), which catalyzes ganglioside GM3 biosynthesis in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. For this, we characterized the promoter region of the hST3Gal V gene. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST3Gal V gene revealed that the -177 to -83 region functions as the VPA-inducible promoter and that the CREB/ATF binding site at -143 is crucial for VPA-induced expression of hST3Gal V in ARPE-19 cells. In addition, the transcriptional activity of hST3Gal V induced by VPA in ARPE-19 cells was inhibited by SP600125, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. In summary, our results identified the core promoter region in the hST3Gal V promoter and for the first time demonstrated that ATF2 binding to the CREB/ATF binding site at -143 is essential for transcriptional activation of hST3Gal V in VPA-induced ARPE-19 cells.
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Liang HC, Lin KY, Lee YC, Chen YF. Precise measurement of group refractive indices and temperature dependence of refractive index for Nd-doped yttrium orthovanadate by intracavity spontaneous mode locking. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:3741-3743. [PMID: 21964082 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel method based on intracavity spontaneous mode locking to precisely measure the group refractive indices and temperature dependence of refractive index of Nd:YVO(4) crystal at the wavelength of 1064 nm. All the experimental results are found to agree very well with the most recent measured values. We also confirm that the developed method is applicable to measuring the group refractive indices and the temperature dependence of the refractive indices of other vanadate crystals, as well as nonlinear crystals.
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Lee TJF, Chang HH, Lee HC, Chen PY, Lee YC, Kuo JS, Chen MF. Axo-axonal interaction in autonomic regulation of the cerebral circulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 203:25-35. [PMID: 21159131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) released from the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurones in cerebral blood vessels were suggested initially to be the respective vasoconstricting and dilating transmitters. Both substances, however, are extremely weak post-synaptic transmitters. Compelling evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) which is co-released with ACh from same parasympathetic nerves is the major transmitter for cerebral vasodilation, and its release is inhibited by ACh. NE released from the sympathetic nerve, acting on presynaptic β2-adrenoceptors located on the neighbouring parasympathetic nitrergic nerves, however, facilitates NO release with enhanced vasodilation. This axo-axonal interaction mediating NE transmission is supported by close apposition between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve terminals, and has been shown in vivo at the base of the brain and the cortical cerebral circulation. This result reveals the physiological need for increased regional cerebral blood flow in 'fight-or-flight response' during acute stress. Furthermore, α7- and α3β2-nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) on sympathetic nerve terminals mediate release of NE, leading to cerebral nitrergic vasodilation. α7-nAChR-mediated but not α3β2-nAChR-mediated cerebral nitrergic vasodilation is blocked by β-amyloid peptides (Aβs). This may provide an explanation for cerebral hypoperfusion seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease. α7- and α3β2-nAChR-mediated nitrergic vasodilation is blocked by cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) which are widely used for treating Alzheimer's disease, leading to possible cerebral hypoperfusion. This may contribute to the limitation of clinical use of ChEIs. ChEI blockade of nAChR-mediated dilation like that by Aβs is prevented by statins pretreatment, suggesting that efficacy of ChEIs may be improved by concurrent use of statins.
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Suh SJ, Kwak CH, Song KH, Kwon KM, Chung TW, Cho SH, Kim YK, Yoon HD, Lee YC, Kim DS, Park SJ, Na MK, Son JK, Chang HW, Kim CH. Triple Inhibitory Activity of Cliona celata Against TNF-α-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Production Via Downregulated NF-κB and AP-1, Enzyme Activity, and Migration Potential. Inflammation 2011; 35:736-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jung S, Lee JH, Lee YC, Moon HI. RETRACTED: Inhibitory effects of three oleanolic acid glycosides fromAchyranthes japonicaon the complement classical pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:213-5. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.594954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jung S, Lee JH, Lee YC, Moon HI. RETRACTED: Anticomplement activity of organic solvent extracts from Korea localAmarantaceaespp. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:210-2. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.593180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Suh SJ, Ko HK, Song KH, Kim JR, Kwon KM, Chang YC, Lee YC, Kim DS, Park SJ, Yang JH, Son JK, Na MK, Chang HW, Kim CH. Ethylacetate fraction from Korean seaside starfish, Asterias amurensis, has an inhibitory effect on MMP-9 activity and expression and on migration behavior of TNF-α induced human aortic smooth muscle cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:767-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moon HI, Jung S, Lee YC, Lee JH. Anticomplement activity of various solvent extracts from Korea local Artemisia spp. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:95-7. [PMID: 21612564 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.581286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the anticomplement activity from various solvent extracts of eight Artemisia plants (Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Artemisia fukudo Makino., Artemisia japonica Thunb., Artemisia montana (Nakai) Pamp., Artemisia keiskeana Miq., Artemisia rubripes Nakai., Artemisia stolonifera (Maxim.) Kom., and Artemisia sylvatica Max.) from South Korea on the classical pathway (CP). We have evaluated various organic solvent extract from eight Artemisia plants with regard to its anticomplement activity on the CP. A. rubripes and A. montana chloroform extracts showed inhibitory activity against complement system with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) values of 54.3 and 64.2 μg/mL. This is the first report of anticomplement activity from Artemisia plants.
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Lee HJ, Jung ES, Park MS, Chung HS, Choi JY, Lee KJ, Lee JS, Kil HK, Lee YC. Closure of a gastrotracheal fistula using a cardiac septal occluder device. Endoscopy 2011; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E53-4. [PMID: 21287450 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Chang CC, Lee WJ, Ser KH, Lee YC, Chen SC, Tsou JJ, Chen JC. Routine drainage is not necessary after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Asian J Endosc Surg 2011; 4:63-7. [PMID: 22776223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5910.2010.00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Routine intra-abdominal drainage has been recommended for detecting surgical complications, such as anastomotic leaks or intra-abdominal hemorrhage, after laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether routine drainage after laparoscopic gastric bypass is indeed necessary. METHODS Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass with intra-abdominal drainage (D-group) were compared with those without drainage (N-group) in a retrospective study. The main outcome measures were postoperative course and complications. RESULTS No differences were observed in the postoperative complications. Both groups had one major complication of leakage (1/90, 1.1%). Minor complications occurred in six D-group patients (6/90, 6.7%) and eight N-group patients (8/90, 8.9%) (P=0.578). No difference was observed in postoperative analgesic dose usage (mean ± SD: 63 ± 37 mg vs 60 ± 31 mg; P=0.963) or length of stay hospital (5.2 ± 2.6 d vs 4.7 ± 1.8 d; P=0.135). However, the N-group had a shorter time to flatus passage compared to the D-group (1.6 ± 0.7 d vs 1.2 ± 0.5 d; P=0.006). CONCLUSION Routine abdominal drainage is not necessary after a successful laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbidly obese patients. Drainage omission may contribute to a quicker recovery without additional surgical complications.
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Chung IM, Kim EH, Lee JH, Lee YC, Moon HI. Immunotoxicity activity from various essential oils of Angelica genus from South Korea against Aedes aegypti L. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:42-5. [PMID: 21506693 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.572891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Angelica anomala Lallemant, Angelica cartilagino-marginata var. distans (Nakai) Kitag, Angelica czernevia (Fisch. et Meyer) Kitagawa, Angelica dahurica Benth. et Hooker, Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. & Sav, Angelica fallax Boissieu, Angelica gigas Nakai, Angelica japonica A. gray were essential oil extracted and immunotoxicity effects were studied. The Angelica anomala, A. cartilagino-marginata var. distans, A. czernevia, A. dahurica, A. decursiva, A. fallax, A. gigas, A. japonica essential oil yield were 4.13, 4.83, 4.45, 3.25, 4.11, 4.73, 4.34 and 4.21%. The A. dahurica essential oil had a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L with a lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) value of 43.12 ppm and an LC₉₀ value of 65.23 ppm. The above indicates that essential oil contents may play a more important role in the toxicity of essential oil.
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Moon HI, Lee JH, Lee YC. Inhibitory effects of organic solvent extracts from Korean local plants on the complement classical pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:12-4. [PMID: 21506692 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.571698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the anticomplement effects from organic solvent extracts of five Compositae plants (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turez, Ligularia taquetii (H.Lev. & Vaniot) Nakai, Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch.Bip, Aster scaber Thunb, Aster koraiensis Nakai, Synurus deltoides Aiton) from South Korea on the classical pathway complement system. We have evaluated organic solvent extracts from five Compositae with regard to its anticomplement activity. Chloroform extracts from L. taquetii showed inhibitory activity against complement system with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) values of 73.2 μg/mL. This is the first report of anticomplement activity from L. taquetii.
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Moon HI, Lee YC, Lee JH. Phenol glycosides with in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity from Hypericum erectum Thunb. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1389-91. [PMID: 21469237 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Hypericum erectum methanol extracts in order to provide the primary evidence for their use in clinical practice. An ethyl acetate fraction of H. erectum suspension-cell cultures inhibited the growth of H. pylori in vitro, with a MIC50 range of 38.7-63.2 μg/mL, comparable to metronidazole (MIC50 = 43.2 μg/mL). To further investigate the involved active compounds of the H. erectum extracts, four phenol glycosides were isolated for the current study: quercetin-3'-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3'-O-(2''-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, 4,6-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside. The MIC50 values of 4,6-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside from ATCC43504 strains were 7.3 and 27.3 μg/mL, respectively. The other two phenol glycosides did not show anti-H. pylori activity. The results of this work suggest that H. erectum has some therapeutic potential against H. pylori infection, which could be explored for patients with gastroduodenal disorders.
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Moon HI, Lee JH, Lee YC, Kim SK. Inhibitory Effects of Isolated Compounds from Black Coloured Rice Bran on the Complement Classical Pathway. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1418-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kwon HY, Kim SJ, Kim CH, Son SW, Kim KS, Lee JH, Do SI, Lee YC. Triptolide downregulates human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) gene expression in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. Exp Mol Med 2011; 42:849-55. [PMID: 21072003 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have shown that gene expression of human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) is suppressed by triptolide (TPL) in human melanoma SK-MEL-2 cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the downregulation of hST8Sia I gene expression in TPL-treated SK-MEL-2 cells, we characterized the TPL-inducible promoter region within the hST8Sia I gene using luciferase constructs carrying 5'-deletions of the hST8Sia I promoter. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST8Sia I gene demonstrated that the -1146 to -646 region, which contains putative binding sites for transcription factors c-Ets-1, CREB, AP-1 and NF-κB, functions as the TPL-inducible promoter of hST8Sia I in SK-MEL-2 cells. Site-directed mutagenesis and ChIP analysis indicated that the NF-κB binding site at -731 to -722 is crucial for TPL-induced suppression of hST8Sia I in SK-MEL-2 cells. This suggests that TPL induces down-regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression through NF-κB activation in human melanoma cells.
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Moon HI, Lee JH, Lee YC, Kim KS. Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity of coumarin derivatives from dried roots of Angelica gigas Nakai in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:663-6. [PMID: 21428713 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.559248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The butanol-soluble fraction of the dried root of Angelica gigas exhibited significant protection against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay method. Using antiplasmodial activity-guided fractionation, five coumarins, marmesinin (1), nodakenin (2), skimmin (3), apiosylskimmin (4), and magnolioside (5), were isolated and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity, as well as for their cytotoxic potential on SK-OV-3 cancer cell lines. Compounds 1 and 5 showed notable growth inhibitory activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of P. falciparum with IC(50) values of 5.3 and 8.2 μM. The compounds showed no significant cytotoxicity (IC(50) > 100 μM) toward the SK-OV-3 cancer cell line. This is the first report on the antiplasmodial activity of these coumarin derivatives from the dried root of A. gigas.
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Kim JH, Park H, Lee YC. Is minimal change esophagitis really part of the spectrum of endoscopic findings of gastroesophageal reflux disease? A prospective, multicenter study. Endoscopy 2011; 43:190-5. [PMID: 21365512 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Although minimal changes are one of the endoscopic findings of nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), the clinical significance of minimal changes is controversial. This study evaluated the clinical significance of minimal changes and examined whether such changes have diagnostic value in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). PATIENTS AND METHODS The endoscopic findings were assessed from 1445 patients identified as having minimal changes who were seen across 30 institutions between April and September 2009. Six endoscopic criteria reported to have acceptable-to-good agreement between endoscopists were used for assessing minimal changes: erythema, blurring of the Z-line, friability, decreased vascularity, white turbid discoloration, and edema or accentuation of the mucosal folds. The diagnosis of GERD was based on the GerdQ, a questionnaire for identifying GERD among patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS Of the 1445 patients, 44.5 % were categorized into the GERD group based on the GerdQ. No significant differences in clinical characteristics were found between the GERD and non-GERD groups, except in age and height. Blurring of the Z-line and erythema were the most common endoscopic findings of minimal changes in this study. Only one of the six findings (16.7%) was more common in the GERD group than in the non-GERD group. Using more than one endoscopic finding was not more useful for identifying GERD than using only one endoscopic finding. CONCLUSIONS Most of the endoscopic findings indicating minimal changes are not associated with GERD. The clinical significance of minimal changes should be reconsidered.
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Moon HI, Cho SB, Lee JH, Lee YC, Lee JH, Lee CH, Kim SK. Protective effects of methoxyflavone derivatives from black galingale against glutamate induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1215-7. [PMID: 21305633 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To examine the neuroprotective effects of black galingale, its protection was tested against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultured neurons. It was found that an aqueous extract of this medicinal plant exhibited significant protection against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. In order to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of this observed effect, isolation was performed to seek and identify active fractions and components. By such fractionation, bioactive methoxyflavone derivatives were isolated from the methanol extracts from the air-dried rhizomes of black galingale. 5-Hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone exhibited significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced toxicity, exhibiting cell viability of about 60-70%, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μm to 10 μm. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of black galingale might be due to the inhibition of glutamate-induced toxicity by the methoxyflavone derivatives it contains.
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Guo DJ, Abdulagatov AI, Rourke DM, Bertness KA, George SM, Lee YC, Tan W. GaN nanowire functionalized with atomic layer deposition techniques for enhanced immobilization of biomolecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:18382-18391. [PMID: 21033757 DOI: 10.1021/la103337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating as a nanobiosensor functionalization strategy for enhanced surface immobilization that may enable higher detection sensitivity. Three kinds of ALD coating films, Al(2)O(3), TiO(2), and SiO(2), were grown on the gallium nitride nanowire (GaN NW) surfaces and characterized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and vacuum Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results from HRTEM showed that the thicknesses of ALD-Al(2)O(3), ALD-TiO(2) and ALD-SiO(2) coatings were 4-5 nm, 5-6 nm, and 12-14 nm, respectively. Results from FTIR showed that the OH contents of these coatings were, respectively, ∼6.9, ∼7.4, and ∼9.3 times that of piranha-treated GaN NW. Furthermore, to compare protein attachments on the different surfaces, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-biotin was grafted on the OH-functionalized GaN NW surfaces through active Si-Cl functional groups. Streptavidin protein molecules were then attached to the biotin ends via specific binding. The immobilized streptavidin molecules were examined with scanning electron microscopy, HRTEM, and fluorescent imaging. Results from HRTEM and energy-dispersive X-ray revealed that the nitrogen concentrations on the three ALD coatings were significantly higher than that on the piranha-treated surface. Results from fluorescent imaging further showed that the protein attachments on the Al(2)O(3), TiO(2), and SiO(2) ALD coatings were, respectively, 6.4, 7.8, and 9.8 times that of piranha-treated surface. This study demonstrates that ALD coating can be used as a functionalization strategy for nanobiosensors because it is capable of creating functional groups with much higher density compared to widely used acid modifications, and among the three ALD coatings, ALD-SiO(2) yielded the most promising results in OH content and protein attachment.
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Lee YC, Tseng SC, Chen HL, Yu CC, Cheng WL, Du CH, Lin CH. Using autocloning effects to develop broad-bandwidth, omnidirectional antireflection structures for silicon solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18 Suppl 3:A421-A431. [PMID: 21165072 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.00a421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used the autocloning effect on pyramid structures to develop broad-bandwidth, omnidirectional antireflection structures for silicon solar cells. The angular dependence of reflectance on several pyramid structures was systematically investigated. The deposition of three-layer autocloned films reduced the refractive index gap between air and silicon, resulting in an increase in the amount of transmitted light and a decrease in the total light escaping. The average reflectance decreased dramatically to ca. 2-3% at incident angles from 0 to 60° for both sub-wavelength- and micrometer-scale pyramid structures. The measured reflectance of the autocloned structure was less than 4% in the wavelength range from 400 to 1000 nm for incident angles from 0 to 60°. Therefore, the autocloning technique, combined with optical thin films and optical gradient structures, is a practical and compatible method for the fabrication of broad-bandwidth, omnidirectional antireflection structures on silicon solar cells.
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Kim YJ, Park JC, Kim JH, Shin SK, Lee SK, Lee YC, Chung JB. Histologic diagnosis based on forceps biopsy is not adequate for determining endoscopic treatment of gastric adenomatous lesions. Endoscopy 2010; 42:620-6. [PMID: 20623445 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Controversy persists around the treatment of gastric low-grade dysplasia (LGD). The aim of this study was to investigate possible indications for the endoscopic resection of gastric LGD through analysis of the histologic discrepancies between specimens of gastric LGD obtained by forceps biopsy and by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and of their clinicopathologic characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved 293 gastric LGD that were histologically proven on the basis of forceps biopsy in Severance Hospital between January 2004 and December 2007. Twenty cases were regularly followed up, and the remaining 273 were resected by EMR. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and endoscopic characteristics including lesion size, number of biopsy fragments, and endoscopic appearance, in order to analyze the factors affecting histologic discrepancies. RESULTS Of the 273 lesions resected by EMR, 207 (75.8 %) showed concordant histology, whereas for 51 (18.7 %) the histology was upgraded after endoscopic resection. Lesion size, absence of whitish discoloration, and the presence of spontaneous bleeding were found by univariate analysis to be statistically significant factors predicting an upgraded histology after EMR ( P = 0.026, P < 0.001, and P = 0.025, respectively). Multivariate analysis also showed absence of whitish discoloration to be a statistically significant factor influencing histologic discrepancies ( P = 0.001, odds ratio 5.29, 95 % confidence interval 1.95 - 14.37). Perforation and bleeding rates associated with EMR for LGD were 0.7 % and 6.2 %, respectively. Twenty patients who did not undergo EMR were followed up for a mean of 22 months, and 3 were revealed to have adenocarcinoma and 1 high-grade dysplasia on the latest histologic exam. CONCLUSIONS We should consider endoscopic resection for gastric LGD that are 2 cm or more in size and do not have whitish discoloration.
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Lee CT, Chang CY, Lee YC, Tai CM, Wang WL, Tseng PH, Hwang JC, Hwang TZ, Wang CC, Lin JT. Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for the screening of esophageal cancer in patients with primary head and neck cancers. Endoscopy 2010; 42:613-9. [PMID: 20669074 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Although narrow-band imaging (NBI) in endoscopy can improve detection of early-stage esophageal malignancies in patients with head and neck cancers, false-positive results may be obtained in areas with nonspecific inflammatory changes. This study evaluated the feasibility of primary screening with NBI and magnification for the presence of esophageal malignancies in these cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-nine patients with documented head and neck cancers were enrolled from April 2008 to January 2009. All patients underwent a meticulous endoscopic examination of the esophagus using a conventional white-light system followed by re-examination using the NBI system and final confirmation with NBI plus magnification. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (30.4 %) were confirmed to have esophageal neoplasia. Among these 21, 16 (76.2 %) had synchronous lesions, 9 (42.9 %) were asymptomatic, and 10 (47.6 %) had early-stage neoplasia. The incidence of multiple esophageal neoplasia was 57.1 %. NBI was more effective than conventional endoscopy in detecting neoplastic lesions (35 lesions in 21 patients vs. 22 lesions in 18 patients) and was particularly effective in patients with dysplasia (13 lesions in 9 patients vs. 3 lesions in 3 patients). The sensitivity and accuracy of detection were 62.9 % and 64.4 % for conventional endoscopy, 100 % and 86.7 % for NBI alone, and 100 % and 95.6 % for NBI with high magnification, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared with current approaches, NBI followed by high magnification significantly increases the accuracy of detection of esophageal neoplasia in patients with head and neck cancers. The result warrants conducting prospective randomized controlled study to confirm its efficacy.
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Kim KS, Oh SU, Lee JH, Lee YC. Mutational analysis for enzyme activity of mouse Galbeta1,3GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (mST3Gal I). INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS 2010; 47:135-140. [PMID: 20653283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To determine which amino acid residues are essential for the catalytic activity of mouse Galbeta1,3GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (mST3Gal I), chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis were employed against tryptophan and cysteine residues located in the predicted catalytic domain. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide, a specific blocking reagent for tryptophan residues, and the enzyme activity was completely lost at 3 mM, suggesting the involvement of tryptophan residues in the catalytic activity of mST3Gal I. The N-ethylmaleimide, an irreversible reagent for sulfhydryl group, significantly inhibited the enzyme activity. Seven tryptophan and six cysteine residues conserved in the cloned Galbeta1,3GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferases were separately substituted into phenylalanine and serine, respectively. The enzymatic activity assay for tryptophan mutants produced in COS cells showed a complete abolishment of the activity in all of the mutants, except that W70F and W97F retained about 60% and 40% activities of wild type, respectively. In the case of cysteine mutants, no enzyme activity was observed like tryptophan mutants, except for C139S. These results suggest that tryptophan and cysteine residues conserved in ST3Gal I are critical for its activity.
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Yang HJ, Lee JW, Lee SH, Ryu JS, Kwak DH, Nam KS, Park YI, Lee YC, Jung KY, Choo YK. Estrogenic activity produced by aqueous extracts of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae in ovariectomized rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 38:89-97. [PMID: 20128047 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the estrogenic activity produced by aqueous extracts of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The components of silkworm pupae were extracted in distilled water at room temperature for 6 hours. The ovaries of six-week old female rats were then bilaterally removed. One week after OVX, the animals were treated with 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg/day of silkworm pupae extracts. The body weights of the OVX rats increased remarkably compared to the control rats, however their relative uterus weights to body weights decreased significantly. Treatment with the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae dramatically improved the decreased uterus weights of OVX rats, with the highest increase observed in treatment with 200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extracts. Additionally, treatment with aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg/day) of silkworm pupae significantly elevated the serum 17beta-estradiol contents of OVX rats when compared to the control animals. To examine the toxic effects of silkworm pupae on the hepatic functions of OVX rats, the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were measured. The serum GOT and GPT levels did not change in response to the administration of aqueous extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day) for 4-weeks. Taken together, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae may have estrogenic activity, which suggests that silkworm pupae may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of menopausal disorders caused by deficiencies in female sexual hormones, including estrogen.
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Park SJ, Lee KS, Kim SR, Min KH, Moon H, Lee MH, Chung CR, Han HJ, Puri KD, Lee YC. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ inhibitor suppresses interleukin-17 expression in a murine asthma model. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:1448-59. [PMID: 20351038 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma by regulating the activation of inflammatory mediators, inflammatory cell recruitment and immune cell function. Recent findings have indicated that PI3Ks also regulate the expression of interleukin (IL)-17, which has been recognised as an important cytokine involved in airway inflammation. In the present study, we investigated a role of PI3Kδ in the regulation of IL-17 expression in allergic airway disease using a murine model of asthma. After ovalbumin inhalation, administration of a selective p110δ inhibitor, IC87114, significantly attenuated airway infiltration of total cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness, and attenuated the increase in IL-17 protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, IC87114 reduced levels of IL-4, -5 and -13, expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant protein and mRNA, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. In addition, a NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7085 substantially reduced the increase in IL-17 protein levels. Our results also showed that inhibition of IL-17 activity with an anti-IL-17 antibody remarkably reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. These findings suggest that inhibition of the p110δ signalling pathway suppresses IL-17 expression through regulation of NF-κB activity and, thus, has therapeutic potential in asthma.
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