In-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer with piecewise interference spectrum based on hole-assisted dual-core fiber for refractive index sensing: erratum

This erratum is presented to correct Fig. 3 in [Opt. Express26(15), 19091 (2018)].

Low-p_{T} e^{+}e^{-} Pair Production in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV at STAR

We report first measurements of e^{+}e^{-} pair production in the mass region 0.4<M_{ee}<2.6  GeV/c^{2} at low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.15  GeV/c) in noncentral Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193  GeV. Significant enhancement factors, expressed as ratios of data over known hadronic contributions, are observed in the 40%-80% centrality of these collisions. The excess yields peak distinctly at low p_{T} with a width (sqrt[⟨p_{T}^{2}⟩]) between 40 and 60  MeV/c. The absolute cross section of the excess depends weakly on centrality, while those from a theoretical model calculation incorporating an in-medium broadened ρ spectral function and radiation from a quark gluon plasma or hadronic cocktail contributions increase dramatically with an increasing number of participant nucleons. Model calculations of photon-photon interactions generated by the initial projectile and target nuclei describe the observed excess yields but fail to reproduce the p_{T}^{2} distributions.

In-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer with piecewise interference spectrum based on hole-assisted dual-core fiber for refractive index sensing

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a novel in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with piecewise interference spectrum. The interferometer is constructed by splicing a short section of single eccentric hole-assisted dual-core fiber (SEHADCF) to two single mode fibers (SMFs) with a lateral-offset. Due to the offset splicing and the small distance between cores, different core modes in two cores of the SEHADCF can be excited to form interference at the different wavelength ranges. The discontinuous region of the interference spectrum can be employed as a mark to identify the order of the interference valley. The in-fiber MZI is experimentally investigated as a refractive index sensor, the sensitivity of 353.9 nm/RIU is obtained in the RI range of 1.335 ~1.395. The in-fiber MZI with a high sensitivity has a great potential in biological and chemical applications. Especially, due to the ability to identify the order of interference valleys by the discontinuous region, the proposed in-fiber MZI can improve the reliability of fiber sensors in remote monitoring applications.

Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV

We report measurements of the nuclear modification factor R_{CP} for charged hadrons as well as identified π^{+(-)}, K^{+(-)}, and p(p[over ¯]) for Au+Au collision energies of sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV. We observe a clear high-p_{T} net suppression in central collisions at 62.4 GeV for charged hadrons which evolves smoothly to a large net enhancement at lower energies. This trend is driven by the evolution of the pion spectra but is also very similar for the kaon spectra. While the magnitude of the proton R_{CP} at high p_{T} does depend on the collision energy, neither the proton nor the antiproton R_{CP} at high p_{T} exhibit net suppression at any energy. A study of how the binary collision-scaled high-p_{T} yield evolves with centrality reveals a nonmonotonic shape that is consistent with the idea that jet quenching is increasing faster than the combined phenomena that lead to enhancement.

Complication Follow-up With Ultrasonographic Analyses of 91 Cases With Donor Gallbladder Preservation in Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Left Lateral Sectionectomies

BACKGROUND

Preserving the donor's gallbladder during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a better method for liver transplantation surgery, but not enough is known about gallbladder complications after the operation.

METHODS

We retrospectively investigated postsurgical donor gallbladder complications in clinical LDLT with gallbladder preservation. The feasibility of retaining the gallbladder during liver graft procurement is discussed. Ninety-one donors with retained gallbladder after LDLT with the hepatic left lateral sectionectomy (from June 2013 to October 2015) were retrospectively analyzed. Donors were followed for 12.6 to 40.7 months after surgery (median 26.1 months). Sonography was used to evaluate gallbladder characteristics before and after surgery.

RESULTS

Gallbladder function had recovered to almost normal 1 month after transplantation. Four donors (4.40%) experienced gallbladder enlargement that resolved after 3 days. Thickening of the gallbladder wall in 31 donors (34.07%) was restored within 2 to 75 days. Biliary sludge appeared in 9 donors (9.89%); 6 of them recovered within 3 to 34 days. Three (3.30%) and 1 donor (1.10%) suffered gallstone and gallbladder polyps, respectively, which persisted until the last follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The rate of postoperative complications of the gallbladder in donors was relative low. Preserving the gallbladder in liver transplantation donors during liver graft procurement is feasible and safe.

Effects of two different broiler flooring systems on production performances, welfare, and environment under commercial production conditions

Research comparing conventional litter and alternative perforated flooring (netting) systems is relatively limited under commercial production conditions. A comprehensive comparison of broiler production performances, welfare quality, and housing environment of two broiler houses with conventional litter and new perforated plastic floors was conducted over four flocks for eight months in eastern China. The two broiler houses each had 31,700 broilers per flock on average and were ventilated using a negative-pressure system. Prior to the onset of the monitoring, litter/manure in all houses was removed. The environmental conditions, gaseous concentrations, and ventilation rate were recorded continuously. Production performance and welfare quality data were collected weekly. Results showed that indoor temperature and relative humidity were not affected by the different floors when the two houses had the same ventilation configuration and management. The average ammonia concentration was lower at 10.44 ppm in the litter house compared to 15.02 ppm in the netting flooring house due to the manure accumulation under the floor. Broiler production performance including live weight, feed conversion, and mortality, was not affected by the netting floor compared to the litter system. In addition, the results suggested that birds raised in the netting floor house may increase breast blister incidence. In this study, the welfare quality parameters including hock and foot pad lesions, lameness, and fearfulness levels were similar in both for both flooring systems.

[Relationship between sugary drinks and diabetes of adults in Wuhai city]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the relationship between sugary drinks and diabetes of adults in Wuhai city.

METHODS

A multiple stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted on 8 131 residents who were between 35 and 79 years by cross-sectional study in Wuhai city. Questionnaires, physical measurements and laboratory tests were used to collect information on demographic information, dietary behavior, health status, blood glucose indicators. Besides, other covariate information was also collected by these ways. The analysis was carried out by chi-square test, trend chi-square test and multifactor Logistic regression.

RESULTS

The detection rates of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes of people who were 35 years old and above in Wuhai city were 6.0% and 18.4%, respectively, and they both increased with age (P<0.01, P< 0.01). The detection rates of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes of the men were both far higher than the women (P< 0.01, P< 0.01). For the men, the detection rate of diabetes increased with age (P_trend<0.01), but for the women, and the detection rate of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes both increased with age (P_trend<0.01, P_trend<0.01). The consumption rate of sugary drinks of the people who were 35 years old and above in Wuhai city was 30.2%. And after all the subjects were classified into three groups, A (0- mL/d), B (16- mL/d), and C (237- mL/d) according to the daily different drinking quantities, statistical results found that group A accounted for 75.4%, group B for 21.5%, and group C for 3.1%. In group A, for comparison, the impaired fasting glucose OR values of group B and group C were 1.4 and 2.2, respectively. And diabetes OR values of group B and group C were 1.2 and 2.1 respectively compared with group A, and the trend of OR values increased both had statistical significance (P_trend <0.01, P_trend < 0.01). Also, after adjusting for other covariates in multifactor Logistic regression, the OR values of impaired fasting glucose in group B and group C were 1.6 and 3.8 respectively, and the OR values of diabetes were 1.9 and 4.9 respectively, compared with group A, and besides, the trend of OR values increased both still had statistical significance (P_trend <0.01, P_trend < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Increased consumption of sugary drinks will increase the risk of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes. Residents in Wuhai city should control their consumption of sugary drinks.

[Genetic characterization of rubella virus isolated in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2015]

Objective: To analyze the genetic characteristics of rubella virus isolated from 2012 to 2015 in Guizhou province. Methods: A total of 390 cases of suspected measles were collected from Guizhou measles network laboratory from 2012 to 2015 and 25 cases of rubella cases were diagnosed. Rubella virus isolation was performed using Vero/SLAM cells. The presence of rubella viral RNA was detected using Real-time RT-PCR after RNA extraction from infected tissue culture cells. Fragments of 480 bp and 633 bp nucleotides of E1 genes of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced and spliced. The phylogenetic tree was conducted based on the 739 bp nucleotide sequences of E1 genes and gene characteristic analysis was performed. Results: There were 19 cases of rubella outbreaks and 6 cases of rubella sporadic cases in 25 cases of suspected rubella cases. There were 11 males (44.0%) and 14 females (56.0%). The mean age and standard deviation were (12.3±3.9) years. A total of 10 rubella strains were isolated. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that 7 strains of rubella virus isolates belonged to genotype 1E and the other belonged to genotype 2B. The nucleotide acid and amino acid homology among 7 strains 1E genotype were 99.0%-100% and 100% respectively. 2B genotype of 3 strains of nucleotide and amino acid homology were 99.4%-100% and 99.5%-100% respectively. Ten strains of rubella virus were not mutated in the E1 glycoprotein gene, Asn 177 and Asn 209 N-type glycosylation sites and E1 antigen epitopes between 213 and 285aa.Among them, 7 strains of 1E genotype had a mutation from leucine to phenylalanine in 338 amino acid, 2 strains of 2B genotype at 377 amino acids from valine to alanine. Conclusion: Rubella virus epidemic was caused by 1E and 2B genotypes in Guizhou from 2012 to 2015.Ten strains of rubella virus were highly conserved in nucleotide and amino acid sequences and there was no variation of important functional sites.

Gasoline exhaust damages spermatogenesis through downregulating α6-integrin and β1-integrin in the rat model

The health influence of air pollution has been an international public health concern. Increasing evidence has suggested that air pollution has been associated with decreased sperm quality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. We aimed to verify whether gasoline exhaust leads to reproductive impairment by injuring spermatogonial stem cells and explore its underlying molecular mechanism. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the exposure group (n = 10) and the control group (n = 10). After 6-month exposure, the sperm count and morphology were determined. The histological changes in the seminiferous tubules were examined by HE staining. The expression of α6-integrin and β1-integrin was assessed with Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemical staining. Compared with control group, male rats exposed to gasoline exhaust showed significantly reduced sperm count, increased sperm abnormality rate and the total number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids were decreased. (all p < .01). The expression levels of α6-integrin and β1-integrin in the exposure group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all p < .01). Our study showed that exposure to gasoline exhaust caused impairment to spermatogonial stem cells through downregulating α6-integrin and β1-integrin.

[Diagnostic value of serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 in chronic liver disease of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis]

Objective: To study the correlation between the level of serum Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) and the significant liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease, and to evaluate its diagnostic value. Methods: 165 patients with chronic liver disease were selected, liver histopathological examination was performed to detect serum CHI3L1 concentration. Four indexes of hepatic fibrosis (type III procollagen, collagen IV, laminin, hyaluronic acid), aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) and FIB-4 (fibrosis- 4) scores were based on the pathological findings of liver biopsy and compared the advantages and disadvantages of serum CHI3L1 with other methods for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. A multivariate regression analysis model was created, and receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed. Results: The level of serum CHI3L1 increased with increase of fibrosis stage and was highest in liver cirrhosis stage. In the period of S0 to 1, the levels of S2 to 3 and S4 were 62.82 (41.40 ~ 87.20), 70.94 (48.47 to 122.60) and 141.06 (78.18 ~ 197.40), and there were statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.001). The area under the curve for the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis was 0.68 (0.60 to 0.77), and 0.74 (0.65 to 0.83) for cirrhosis in CHI3L1. Multivariate regression analysis showed that CHI3L1 was an independent predictor of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. The combined diagnostic model based on CHI3L1, collagen IV and FIB-4 scores further improved the diagnostic value. The area under the curve for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis was 0.79 (0.72 to 0.86) and 0.80 (0.73 to 0.87), respectively. Conclusion: CHI3L1 has a good diagnostic value in patients with chronic liver disease with significant fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. The diagnostic model in combination with other markers like Collagen IV and FIB-4 scores could further improve the diagnostic value and is worthy of further study.

First detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/ME-SA/Ind2001 in China

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in China and is predominantly due to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O Mya-98 lineage. In recent years, FMDV O/ME-SA/Ind2001 lineage has spread from the Indian subcontinent to South-East Asia, Middle East and Africa, which may pose potential threats for future trans-regional livestock movements. In this study, we identified the appearance of FMDV O/ME-SA/Ind2001 in China; the first time that this virus lineage has been found there. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed that this newly determined strain belongs to O/ME-SA/Ind2001 sublineage d and is closely related to strains that have caused recent outbreaks of FMD in Nepal, Myanmar, Russia and South Korea. The results suggest extensive movements of the current O/ME-SA/Ind2001 sublineage d viruses and provide essential information for an effective national FMDV control programme in China.

Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Λ, Λ[over ¯], K^{±}, K_{s}^{0}, and ϕ in Au+Au Collisions

Rapidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ, Λ[over ¯], K^{±}, K_{s}^{0}, and ϕ at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au+Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. Results show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.

Extra green light induced ZnO ultraviolet lasing enhancement assisted by Au surface plasmons

We observed the dramatic enhancement of the intrinsic spontaneous and stimulated emission as well as the ensuing suppression of defect-related green emission in Au-decorated ZnO microrods. A series of spectral experiments and theoretical analysis demonstrated an electron transfer assisted process by surface plasmon (SP) resonant coupling between the Au nanoparticles and ZnO. The mechanism indicates an approach to enhance the UV emission of ZnO through an extra excitation of visible light similar to that for the defect emission of ZnO. Based on the coupling mechanism, the externally enhanced ultraviolet lasing was further improved from 1.5 to 2.8-fold by adjusting the pumping power of the green light intensity in the Au/ZnO hybrid cavity. This research not only further confirms the SPR-assisted electron transfer process but also offers an approach to improve the intrinsic UV emission even for heavily-defected ZnO through visible light excitation via a nonlinear process.

[Correlation analysis of serum secreted frizzled-related protein 5 levels with airway inflammation and insulin resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum secreted frizzled-related protein 5(sfrp5) levels, insulin resistance, and airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Method: A total of 178 COPD patients visiting our respiratory outpatient clinic from February 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled, and 99 healthy control subjects from the same time period were selected. Serum sfrp5 levels were compared between the 2 groups. Serum sfrp5 and inflammatory cytokines in induced sputum were observed in the 4 subgroups: insulin resistant COPD group [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)≥2.29], non-insulin resistant COPD group, non-COPD insulin resistant group, and healthy control group. Results: Serum sfrp5 levels were found to be significantly higher in the COPD group as compared to the healthy control group (t=-14.29, P<0.001). Serum sfrp5 levels in the insulin resistant COPD group [(8±3)ng/ml] were significantly lower than that of the non-insulin resistant COPD group [(10±5)ng/ml], non-COPD insulin resistant group [(13±3)ng/ml], and normal control group [(14±4)ng/ml, F=35.85, P<0.01]. The insulin resistant COPD group had higher levels of In(Homa-IR), as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in induced sputum as compared to the non-insulin resistant COPD group, non-COPD insulin resistant group, and healthy control group (F values were 64.968, 41.40, 64.15, respectively, P value <0.01 for all items). The non-insulin resistant COPD group had higher levels of In(HOMA-IR) as well as TNF-α and IL-6 in induced sputum as compared to the non-COPD insulin resistant group and healthy control group. FEV(1)/FVC and FEV(1)% predicted were significantly lower in the insulin resistant COPD group as compared to those of non-insulin resistant COPD group and non-COPD insulin resistant group, and healthy control group (F values were 2.481 and 8.37, respectively, P value<0.05 for all items). FEV(1)/FVC and FEV(1)% predicted were significantly lower in the non-insulin resistant COPD group as compared to those of the healthy control group and non-COPD insulin-resistant group. Serum sfrp5 levels were positively correlated to FEV(1)/FVC and FEV(1) predicted (r values were 0.466 and 0.412, respectively; P values were <0.001 and 0.007, respectively) and inversely correlated to In(HOMA-IR) and TNF-α and IL-6 in induced sputum (r values were -0.304, -0.459, -0.517, respectively; P values were <0.001, 0.002, <0.001, respectively). BMI, ln(HOMA-IR), and IL-6 in induced sputum were independent related factors (r(2) values were 0.286, 0.176, 14.69, respectively; P values were <0.01 for all items) Conclusion: Sfrp5 may be concurrently associated with COPD and insulin resistance; insulin resistance may be associated with airway inflammation and airflow limitation. Sfrp5 may be involved in the development of COPD and may be the key link by which insulin resistance exerts its effects on airway inflammation.

Associations between MRI-detected early osteophytes and knee structure in older adults: a population-based cohort study

OBJECTIVES

To describe prevalence of osteophytes (OPs) detected only by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but not by standard X-ray in older adults and to evaluate longitudinal associations with knee structural changes.

METHODS

837 participants were randomly selected from the local community and had MRI scans to assess knee OPs and other structures. OPs detected only by MRI but not by standard X-ray were defined as MRI-detected early OPs (MRI-OPs for short). OPs detected by both MRI and X-ray were defined as established-OPs.

RESULTS

The prevalence of MRI-OPs was 50% while the prevalence of established-OPs was 10% and no-OPs was 40% at total tibiofemoral (TF) compartment at baseline. Compared with no-OPs, participants with MRI-OPs had greater risks of increased cartilage defects in all TF compartments (RR 1.37, 95%CI 1.07-1.74) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) only in medial TF compartment (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06-2.11), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, cartilage defects, BMLs and/or joint space narrowing; participants with established-OPs had greater cartilage volume loss at total (β -2.02, 95%CI -3.86, -0.17) and lateral tibial sites (β -5.63, 95%CI -9.93, -1.32), greater risks of increased cartilage defects in total (RR 1.66, 95%CI 1.15-2.40) and medial TF compartments (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.20-1.69) and BMLs in all TF compartments (RR 1.88, 95%CI 1.22-2.89), after adjustment for covariates.

CONCLUSION

MRI-OPs were associated with changes in knee structures, and the associations were similar but not as prominent as those for established-OPs. These suggest MRI-OPs may have a role to play in knee early-stage osteoarthritic progression.

Integrative analyses reveal biological pathways and key genes in psoriasis

BACKGROUND

Psoriasis is a complex disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors with abnormal gene expression in lesional skin. However, no studies are available on genome-scale gene expression of psoriatic lesions in the Chinese population. In addition, systematic studies on the biological pathways, pathogenicity and interaction networks of psoriasis-related genes with abnormal expression profiles require further investigation.

OBJECTIVES

To further explore the associated pathways in psoriasis by functional analysis and to identify the key genes by gene pathogenicity analysis.

METHODS

We performed RNA sequencing on 60 skin biopsy samples from patients with psoriasis and healthy controls to identify the primary differentially expressed genes in psoriatic lesional skin. We retrieved all reported psoriasis-associated genes and performed integrative analyses covering gene expression profiling, pathway analysis, gene pathogenicities and protein-protein interaction networks.

RESULTS

We found that internal and external stimuli may activate immunoinflammatory responses to promote the development of psoriasis. Pathways associated with infectious diseases and cancers were identified by functional and pathway analyses. The gene pathogenicity analysis revealed five key genes in psoriasis: PPARD, GATA3, TIMP3, WNT5A and PTTG1.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analyses showed that genes contributed to the pathogenesis of psoriasis by activating risk pathways with components abnormality in expression. We identified five potentially pathogenic genes for psoriasis that may serve as important biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment.

Genotype frequencies of human neutrophil antigen-3 in the Chinese Zhuang and Dong populations

Individuals with the human neutrophil antigen (HNA)-3b/3b type can produce HNA-3a antibodies, which have been reported to cause severe, sometimes fatal transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Our study aimed to determine the genotype frequency of HNA-3a/3b which will be helpful to estimate the potential risk for forming anti-HNA-3a, the clinically relevant antibody linked to TRALI in two different ethnic groups of southern China. Five hundred unrelated and healthy blood donors (284 male, 216 female; 300 Zhuangs, 200 Dongs) from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were simultaneously typed for the HNA-3 allele using a polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method. Genotype frequencies of HNA-3a/3a, HNA-3a/3b and HNA-3b/3b were 51.7%, 39.7% and 8.6% in the Zhuang population, and 44.0%, 49.0% and 7.0% in the Dong population, respectively. Homozygous HNA-3b/3b genotype frequency among the Zhuang population (8.6%) was significantly higher than previously reported in African Americans (0.4%), Brazilians (3.6%) and English Caucasians (2.9%) (p < .05). And the HNA-3b/3b genotype frequency among the Dong population was higher than African Americans (0.4%) (p < .05). This study showed Chinese Zhuang and Dong populations possessed a higher frequency of HNA-3b/3b genotype, suggesting that they may be at greater risk for developing anti-HNA-3a alloantibodies that may cause severe cases of TRALI. A molecular-based identification of the HNA-3b/3b genotype in all multiparous female blood donors was suggested to reduce the risk of TRALI following plasma and whole blood allogeneic transfusions.

Associations between proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) types and knee osteoarthritic changes in older adults

PURPOSE

To describe the cross-sectional associations between proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) type configurations and knee joint structural abnormalities in older adults.

METHODS

A total of 967 community-based participants were studied. T1-weighted fat-suppressed magnetic resonance image (MRI) with spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence was utilized to assess the PTFJ type configurations. Knee cartilage volume, cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions and osteophytes were measured. Linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between PTFJ type configurations and knee joint cartilage volume as well as knee structural abnormalities, respectively, after adjustment for potential confounders.

RESULTS

Seven PTFJ types including plane (49.4%), trochoid (31.9%), double trochoid (4.3%), saddle (5.4%), condylar (5.3%), trochlear (3.5%) and ball & socket (0.2%) were observed. Plane type was used as the comparator. In multivariable analyses, irregular joint types (comprising the five uncommon joint types) were associated negatively with cartilage volume, and positively with knee cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions and osteophytes in the lateral (but not medial) compartments. In contrast, trochoid type was only associated with reduced femoral cartilage volume, but not with knee cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions and osteophytes.

CONCLUSIONS

Irregular PTFJ joint shapes are associated with osteoarthritic changes in the lateral, but not medial, tibiofemoral compartment in older adults. The causal relationship needs to be examined in future longitudinal studies.

Associations between serum ghrelin and knee symptoms, joint structures and cartilage or bone biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

The roles of ghrelin in knee osteoarthritis (OA) are unclear. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of ghrelin with knee symptoms, joint structures and cartilage or bone biomarkers in patients with knee OA.

METHODS

This study included 146 patients with symptomatic knee OA. Serum levels of ghrelin and cartilage or bone biomarkers including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), cross linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI), cross linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTXI), N-terminal procollagen III propeptide (PIIINP), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, 10, 13 were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Knee symptoms were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) volume, IPFP signal intensity alternation, cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and effusion-synovitis were assessed using the (MRI). Osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN) were assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International atlas.

RESULTS

After adjustment for potential confounders, ghrelin quartiles were positively associated with knee symptoms including pain, stiffness, dysfunction and total score (quartile 4 vs 1: β 24.19, 95% CI 8.13-40.25). Ghrelin quartiles were also significantly associated with increased IPFP signal intensity alteration (quartile 4 vs 1: OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.55-8.25) and NTXI, PIIINP, MMP3 and MMP13. Ghrelin was not significantly associated with other joint structures and biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS

Serum levels of ghrelin were significantly associated with increased knee symptoms, IPFP signal intensity alteration and serum levels of MMP3, MMP13, NTXI and PIIINP, suggesting that ghrelin may have a role to play in knee OA.

[Analysis of related factors of recurrent otitis media with effusion in children]

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of recurrent episodes of otitis media with effusion in children.Method:A retrospective summary of the clinical data of 210 cases of children with otitis media with effusion, 75 cases of recurrence after treatment, 135 cases were recovered, the recurrence of the related factors and after symptomatic treatment effect is analyzed.Result:Logistic regression analysis results found that adenoid hypertrophy (Ⅲ°, Ⅳ°), tonsil hypertrophy (Ⅳ°) and sinusitis (including choanal polyp), a positive allergens, upper respiratory tract infection, the stomach esophagus regurgitation, cleft palate, younger age has significant effect on recurrence of otitis media with effusion, have significant difference (P< 0.05). And the influence of duration, gender, passive smoking history and previous medical history of otitis media with effusion has no obvious statistical significance (P> 0.05). Through the comparison among different age groups, adenoidectomy Ⅲ °, Ⅳ ° hypertrophy tract infections in > 3-6 years old group has significant effect (P< 0.05), recurrent respiratory tract infections in less than 3 years old group and the group of children aged > 3-6 years OME recurrence has significant effect (P< 0.05). By tympanocentesis or tympanostomy tube insertion and according to different conditions to take symptomatic treatment, 75 cases (123 ears) were cured 96 ears (78.05%), 19 ears were improved (15.45%), the total effective rate was 93.50%, ineffective in 8 ears (6.50%).Conclusion:Adenoid hypertrophy (Ⅲ°, Ⅳ°), tonsil hypertrophy (Ⅳ°), sinusitis, nasal polyps, allergic diseases and upper respiratory tract infection gastroesophageal reflux, cleft palate and younger age may be adverse factors related to recurrent otitis media with effusion in children, the clinical doctors should pay attention to these symptoms, according to different causes, adopt individualized treatment plan, make children get the best treatment as soon as possible.

Knee effusion-synovitis volume measurement and effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

To develop a measure of knee joint effusion-synovitis volume and to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on effusion-synovitis in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and low vitamin D levels over 24 months.

METHOD

Symptomatic knee OA patients with low 25-(OH)D levels (12.5-60 nmol/l) were recruited for a multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial. Participants (age 63 ± 7 years, 208 females) were allocated to either 50,000 IU monthly vitamin D₃ (n = 209) or placebo (n = 204) for 24 months. Knee effusion-synovitis volume in suprapatellar and other regions was measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using OsiriX software. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to test inter- and intra-rater reliabilities. The least significant change criterion was used to define the increase/decrease in effusion-synovitis volume.

RESULT

The reproducibilities of effusion-synovitis volume measurement were high with ICCs ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. Over 24 months, effusion-synovitis volume remained stable in the vitamin D group but increased in placebos with a significant between-group difference (-1.94 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.54, -0.33). This effect was evident in those with baseline effusion-synovitis and with suprapatellar effusion-synovitis. The proportion with an increase in effusion-synovitis volume was lower in the vitamin D group than placebo (risk ratio (RR): 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.97).

CONCLUSION

This highly reproducible effusion-synovitis volume measurement could be a promising outcome measure in OA trials. Vitamin D supplementation could retard the progression of effusion-synovitis which can potentially benefit people with an inflammatory OA phenotype.

Genome-wide meta-analysis of copy number variations with alcohol dependence

Genetic association studies and meta-analyses of alcohol dependence (AD) have reported AD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs collectively account for a small portion of estimated heritability in AD. Recent genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) studies have identified CNVs associated with AD and substance dependence, suggesting that a portion of the missing heritability is explained by CNV. We applied PennCNV and QuantiSNP CNV calling algorithms to identify consensus CNVs in five AD cohorts of European and African origins. After rigorous quality control, genome-wide meta-analyses of CNVs were carried out in 3243 well-diagnosed AD cases and 2802 controls. We identified nine CNV regions, including a deletion in chromosome 5q21.3 with a suggestive association with AD (OR=2.15 (1.41-3.29) and P=3.8 × 10^-4) and eight nominally significant CNV regions. All regions were replicated with consistent effect sizes across studies and populations. Pathway and gene-drug interaction enrichment analyses based on the resulting genes indicated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the recombinant insulin and hyaluronidase drugs, which were relevant to AD biology or treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide meta-analysis of CNVs with addiction. Further investigation of the AD-associated CNV regions will provide better understanding of the AD genetic mechanism.

Associations between endogenous sex hormones and MRI structural changes in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the longitudinal association between endogenous sex hormones and knee osteoarthritis (OA) structures and pain.

METHOD

We examined 200 participants (mean age 63.0 ± 7.3 years) from a clinical trial of vitamin D supplement for symptomatic knee OA. Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed at baseline and 24 months later. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of selected knee were obtained at both baseline and follow-up for the measurement of cartilage volume, cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and effusion-synovitis volume. Knee pain was assessed using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Longitudinal data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects model.

RESULTS

One hundred and seven males and 93 females were included in this study. For females, after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), and vitamin D level, progesterone was positively associated with cartilage volume (β = 0.12 mm³ per quartile, P < 0.01). Estradiol levels were associated with lower grades of BMLs (β = -0.46 per quartile, P = 0.03), while estradiol (β = -1.28 per quartile, P = 0.04), progesterone (β = -1.56 per quartile, P < 0.01) and testosterone (β = -1.51 per quartile, P = 0.01) were inversely associated with effusion-synovitis volume. Testosterone was inversely associated with knee pain. No consistent associations were observed for males.

CONCLUSION

In women but not men, low serum levels of endogenous estradiol, progesterone and testosterone are associated with increased knee effusion-synovitis and possibly other OA-related structural changes. This may contribute to observed sex differences in knee OA.

Association between MRI-detected osteophytes and changes in knee structures and pain in older adults: a cohort study

OBJECTIVE

To describe cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected osteophytes (OPs) and knee structural abnormalities and knee pain in older adults.

METHOD

A prospective population-based cohort study of 895 participants aged 50-80 years (mean age 62 years, 50% female) was performed. T1-or T2-weighted fat suppressed MRI was used to assess knee OPs, cartilage volume, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) at baseline and after 2.6 years. Radiographically-detected OPs were scored according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas. Knee pain was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire at baseline, 2.6 and 5 years later.

RESULTS

85% of participants had MRI-detected OPs at baseline, while 10% of participants had radiographically-detected OPs. Cross-sectionally, higher gardes of MRI-detected OPs in all compartments were significantly, independently and site-specifically associated with higher prevalences of cartilage defects and BMLs, lower cartilage volume and higher prevalence of knee pain. Longitudinally, higher gardes of baseline MRI-detected OPs site-specifically predicted greater risks of any increase in cartilage defects or BMLs, and loss of cartilage volume in medial and lateral tibiofemoral (LTF) and total compartments over 2.6 years in multivariable analyses. These significant associations were similar in those without radiographically-detected OPs. MTF and total OP scores were significantly associated with change in total knee pain over 2.6 and 5 years but these became non-significant after adjustment for cartilage defects and BMLs.

CONCLUSION

MRI-detected knee OPs are common and appear to be clinically relevant to knee structural changes in older adults.

Measurement of D^{0} Azimuthal Anisotropy at Midrapidity in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV

We report the first measurement of the elliptic anisotropy (v_{2}) of the charm meson D^{0} at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. The measurement was conducted by the STAR experiment at RHIC utilizing a new high-resolution silicon tracker. The measured D^{0} v_{2} in 0%-80% centrality Au+Au collisions can be described by a viscous hydrodynamic calculation for a transverse momentum (p_{T}) of less than 4  GeV/c. The D^{0} v_{2} as a function of transverse kinetic energy (m_{T}-m_{0}, where m_{T}=sqrt[p_{T}^{2}+m_{0}^{2}]) is consistent with that of light mesons in 10%-40% centrality Au+Au collisions. These results suggest that charm quarks have achieved local thermal equilibrium with the medium created in such collisions. Several theoretical models, with the temperature-dependent, dimensionless charm spatial diffusion coefficient (2πTD_{s}) in the range of ∼2-12, are able to simultaneously reproduce our D^{0} v_{2} result and our previously published results for the D^{0} nuclear modification factor.

Emergence of novel Seneca Valley virus strains in China, 2017

Since early 2017, several outbreaks of Seneca Valley virus (SVV) infection have re-emerged in China. We report the identification of novel SVV KS15-01-like strains showing a notable distinction with previous Chinese SVV strains. The determined SVV strains are currently causing new outbreaks in two provinces in China where no SVV infection has been reported previously, implying the increased epidemic regions and potential threat to local pig breeds of SVV in China.

Magnetic field tuning of an excitonic insulator between the weak and strong coupling regimes in quantum limit graphite

The excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance measurements, we demonstrate that the underlying band gap opening occurs inside the magnetic field-induced phase, paving the way for a systematic study of the BCS-BEC-like crossover by means of conventional condensed matter probes.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum inflammatory cytokines and knee bone marrow lesions in patients with knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

To describe cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum levels of interleukin (IL) - 6, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23 and knee bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

DESIGN

Patients (n = 192) with symptomatic knee OA (mean 63 years, range 50-79, female 53%) were assessed at baseline and after 24 months. At each time point, serum IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-23 were measured using Bio-Plex^® Multiplex Immunoassays with Luminex xMAP technology. Knee BMLs were scored using the modified whole organ MRI score (WORMS) from T2 weighted fat-suppressed fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multivariable linear regression and log binominal regression were used to determine the associations between cytokines and BMLs.

RESULTS

Baseline IL-6 (quarters) were significantly associated with total knee BMLs (P < 0.01 for the trend) as well as associated with an increase in BML score (P = 0.05 for the trend), after adjustment for confounders. Baseline IL-17F and IL-23 (highest quarters vs others) was associated with an increase in BML score in females (P = 0.04 for IL-17F; P = 0.01 for IL-23), but not in males, in multivariable analyses. In contrast, IL-17A was not significantly associated with BMLs in either females or males.

CONCLUSION

IL-6 is associated with increased knee BMLs in both females and males with OA. Serum IL-17F and IL-23 predicted increased knee BML scores in females only, suggesting that inflammation is involved in BML pathogenesis in knee OA, especially in women.

TRAIL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01176344; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000495022.

Effect of Tempol on the prevention of irradiation-induced mucositis in miniature pigs

OBJECTIVE

The goals of this study were to (i) establish a useful miniature pig (minipig) model for irradiation-induced oral mucositis and (ii) evaluate the effect of Tempol to prevent its development.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Minipigs were irradiated with 6 Gy for five consecutive days targeting the entire oral cavity. To prevent radiation damage, minipigs were treated with 30 mg kg^-1 Tempol 10 min before irradiation (n = 4), while the radiation-alone group was similarly injected with saline (n = 4). Lesions were graded using an oral mucositis score and visual inspection every 3 days, and biopsy of multiple sites was performed at day 18. Weight and chest and abdominal circumferences were measured every 3 days.

RESULTS

Lesions began about 12 days after the first irradiation fraction and healed about 30 days after irradiation. Epithelial thickness was calculated on the lingual and buccal mucosa on the 18th day after the first irradiation fraction. Tempol provided modest protection from ulceration after irradiation using this treatment strategy.

CONCLUSIONS

This study established a useful large animal model for irradiation-induced oral mucositis and showed modest beneficial effects of Tempol in limiting tissue damage. The latter finding may be potentially valuable in preventing oral mucositis in patients receiving irradiation for head and neck cancers.

Role of microRNAs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on the peripheral blood microRNAs (miRNAs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). miRNAs are small 20- to 22-nucleotide (nt) noncoding RNAs. They constitute a novel class of gene regulators that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs play an important role in several biological processes. Twelve patients with T2DM who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic RYGB surgery were separated into two groups, using a body mass index of 30 kg/m² as a cut-off point. Venous blood was collected before operation and 12 months after operation. A significant change was observed in the peripheral blood miRNA expression profile of both groups after RYGB surgery compared with those before operation. The expression levels of hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-124-3p, and hsa-miR-320a were downregulated. The methylation state of the CpG sites within an approximately 400-bp genomic DNA fragment of each of the four miRNA genes, including about 200 bp upstream and 100 bp downstream of the pre-miRNA, did not vary after RYGB surgery. With remission of T2DM in both groups, RYGB could modulate the expression level of many peripheral blood miRNAs associated with lipid metabolism, insulin secretion, beta-cell function, and insulin resistance. The expression level of peripheral blood diabetes-related miRNA varied in patients with T2DM after receiving RYGB surgery, laying a strong foundation for future studies on this subject. The molecular mechanisms underlying RYGB surgery that can cause aberrant expression of miRNA remains to be determined.

Coherent control of double deflected anomalous modes in ultrathin trapezoid-shaped slit metasurface

Coherent light-matter interaction in ultrathin metamaterials has been demonstrated to dynamically modulate intensity, polarization and propagation direction of light. The gradient metasurface with a transverse phase variation usually exhibits an anomalous refracted beam of light dictated by so-called generalized Snell’s law. However, less attention has been paid to coherent control of the metasurface with multiple anomalous refracted beams. Here we propose an ultrathin gradient metasurface with single trapezoid-shaped slot antenna as its building block that allows one normal and two deflected transmitted beams. It is numerically demonstrated that such metasurface with multiple scattering modes can be coherently controlled to modulate output intensities by changing the relative phase difference between two counterpropagating coherent beams. Each mode can be coherently switched on/off and two deflected anomalous beams can be synchronously dictated by the phase difference. The coherent control effect in the trapezoid-shaped slit metasurface will offer a promising opportunity for multichannel signals modulation, multichannel sensing and wave front shaping.

A novel method for assessing signal intensity within infrapatellar fat pad on MR images in patients with knee osteoarthritis

PURPOSE

To assess reliability and validity of a semi-automated quantitative method to measure infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) signal intensity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

METHODS

Hundred patients with knee OA were selected. Sagittal planes of fat-saturated T2-weighted images obtained on 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were utilized to assess IPFP signal intensity using MATLAB. Knee structural abnormalities including cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BML) and radiographic OA (ROA) were evaluated. Clinical construct validity and concurrent validity were examined through describing associations of IPFP measurements with knee structural abnormalities and a semi-quantitative scoring method, respectively. The reliability was examined by calculating the intra- and inter-observer correlation coefficients.

RESULTS

Significantly positive associations were found between standard deviation of IPFP signal intensity [sDev (IPFP)], clustering factor (H) and all knee structural abnormalities. The volume of high signal intensity regions [Volume (H)] and the ratio of Volume (H) to volume of whole IPFP [Percentage (H)] were positively associated with cartilage defects and ROA, but not with BMLs. The median value [Median (H)] and upper quartile value [UQ (H)] of high signal intensity were only significantly associated with quartiles of cartilage defect score. Significant correlations were found between all quantitative measurements and semi-quantitative scores (All P < 0.001). Intraclass and interclass correlation coefficients for these quantitative measures were high (>0.90).

CONCLUSIONS

A novel and efficient method to segment IPFP and calculate its signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI images is documented. This method is reproducible, and has concurrent and clinical construct validity, but its predictive validity needs to be examined by future longitudinal studies.

miR-488 determines coat pigmentation by down-regulating the pigment-producing gene pro-opiomelanocortin

Coat color is a key economic trait in wool- and fur-producing animals. Coat color is controlled by complex mechanisms. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a gene involved in pigment formation. Previous studies suggested that miR-488 might target the POMC mRNA. This study aimed to determine whether miR-488 could affect coat color by regulating POMC and to explore the regulatory roles of miR-488 on coat color in mammals. A dual fluorescence report vector containing the 3'-UTR of POMC was built to determine whether miR-488 could post-transcriptionally regulate POMC expression. Then, a eukaryotic vector expressing miR-488 was built and transfected into mouse keratinocytes to confirm the regulatory mechanism in vitro. Compared with gray mice, the expression of POMC mRNA was 3.36-fold higher in black mice and 1.29-fold higher in brown mice. The results showed that miR-488 could control mice coat color by combining with the 3'-UTR seed sequence of POMC mRNA to achieve the degradation of POMC mRNA, therefore playing a role in POMC expression. This study revealed the roles of miR-488 in animal coat color and enriches our knowledge about the determination of coat color in mammals.

The protective effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 against epithelial injury and matrix metalloproteases upregulation induced by silica in vitro

OBJECTIVE

We investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on models with silica-induced and macrophage-mediated fibrosis and its possible mechanisms in vitro.

METHODS

Rat alveolar II epithelial (RLE-6TN) cells were incubated with the supernatant of mouse macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7) and treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL silica. Using Western blotting, the epithelial markers (surfactant proteins-C and E-cadherin) and the mesenchymal markers (fibronectin (FN) and viminten (Vim)) were detected. After neutralizing the BMP-7, the progress of fibrosis was assessed by the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and collagen I, III protein levels as well as the Smad signaling pathway proteins, including phosphorylated Smad1/5(P-Smad1/5) and phosphorylated Smad2/3(P-Smad2/3). Collagen I was also identified by immunofluorescence and pretreated with SB-431542, LDN-193189, or anti-BMP-7-neutralizing antibody. In addition, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected using Western blotting.

RESULTS

The model of RLE-6TN cells was established successfully, the expressions of Vim, FN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were upregulated, while the concentration of silica is increased. Neutralizing BMP-7 stimulated the decrease of P-Smad1/5 and the increase of P-Smad2/3, as well as the collagen I, collagen III, FN, and Hyp via Smad signaling pathway. Furthermore, pretreated with LDN-193189 or anti-BMP-7-neutralizing antibody, the expression of collagen I was increased, yet it was decreased with SB-431542 intervention.

CONCLUSION

The activated BMP/Smad and suppressed transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathways could suppress silica-induced fibrosis via a MMP-dependent mechanism. BMP-7 is expected to be the optimized strategy of delaying the interstitial changes.