Effects of a chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse on the incidence of alveolar osteitis in mandibular third molar surgery

Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) continues to be a frequent sequela of third molar surgery. Chlorhexidine 0.12% used as an oral rinse has been reported to reduce the incidence of dry socket. This study compares the effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine used as a preoperative rinse and immediate postextraction irrigant with 1) similarly used 0.05% cetylpyridium, preoperative chlorhexidine rinse and postextraction saline irrigation, and 2) only postextraction irrigation with normal saline in the reduction of alveolar osteitis in mandibular third molar extractions. The results indicate that chlorhexidine and cetylpyridium were no more effective in the reduction of alveolar osteitis than postextraction irrigation with normal saline.

[Effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on formation and metabolism of human dental plaque]

In this work, the Cepacol (cetylpyridinium chlorid) diluted 1:2, when used for mouthwashes three time a day decreased the "in situ" formation of human dental plaque, however it didn't decreased neither the plaque fermentation, nor the IEP synthesis by the plaque. When the Cepacol was used for treating the "in vitro" dental plaque in both 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions, decreased the fermentation and the IEP synthesis of the "in vitro" plaque.

The effect of a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) detergent foam compared to a conventional toothpaste on plaque and gingivitis. A single blind crossover study

A CPC-detergent formulation in a foam vehicle, was compared with a fluoride toothpaste for its ability to prevent plaque and gingivitis over a period of 12 days. Whilst refraining from all other oral hygiene procedures, the foam or toothpaste was applied to the teeth in fluoride application trays, in a group of 14 volunteers. At days 8 and 12 of this crossover study, the following assessments were made: gingival crevicular fluid; gingival index; bleeding on probing; plaque index; plaque area. Except for plaque area at day 8 of the study, there were no significant differences between the 2 products at either day 8 or day 12. It is therefore concluded that the CPC-detergent formulation, in its present form, does not inhibit plaque and gingivitis more effectively than a conventional fluoride toothpaste.

Chemotherapeutic agents and periodontal therapy. Their impact on clinical practice

This paper reviews developments in chemotherapeutic agents relative to their impact on clinical practice. These agents are discussed in terms of their effect on plaque, gingivitis, periodontitis, hypersensitive dentin and re-attachment procedures. The paper also provides a perspective on delivery systems.

The effect of zinc chloride on the development of gingivitis in beagle dogs treated with cetylpyridinium chloride

Twenty-one beagle dogs were treated 12 times per week with either 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.05% CPC plus 0.22% zinc chloride (ZnCl2), or water. Over seven wk, plaque and gingivitis were reduced by the CPC and CPC plus ZnCl 2 treatments, while stain and calculus were greatly reduced only by the CPC plus ZnCl2 treatment.

Clinical studies of plaque control agents: an overview

Dental plaque is massed packed bacterial cells which accumulate on the supra- and subgingival surfaces of the teeth as well as on the oral mucosa. The microorganisms of plaque have been shown to be associated with both dental caries and periodontal disease. This overview of clinical studies of plaque control agents reviews the properties and effects of chemical compounds which have demonstrated a potential for the control of plaque microorganisms. The search for clinically effective antiplaque agents has been stimulated by findings in laboratory and animal studies of plaque dynamics. Based upon these in vitro and in vivo experiments, chemotherapeutic agents such as antibiotics, antiseptics, enzymes, detergents, bacteriosides, antimetabolites, and oxidizing agents have been evaluated against human plaque microorganisms using the ultimate biological model -- man. Continued study of chemotherapeutic agents should be encouraged because many of these drugs have been shown to be safe for human use and may require only the development of a delivery system to potentiate their concentration in a specific local site. Use of these chemotherapeutic agents, which can be self-administered, becomes an attractive way of providing the public with a cost-effective method of preventing caries and periodontal disease.

A review of chemotherapeutic plaque control

Of the plaque-control agents studied, it would appear that chlorhexidine is the most suitable agent to prevent plaque accumulation and the development of gingivitis. It also is attractive to speculate on the possibilities of a commercially available mouthwash. A trio of antibiotics--kanamycin, spiramycin, and vancomycin--may prove of value in the treatment of severe gingival and periodontal disease. The ultimate role of xylitol has yet to be determined. Regardless of the agent selected, access to the gingival sulcus region seems critical.