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Dangond F, Garada B, Murawski BJ, Rey-Casserly C, Holman BL, Mikati MA. Focal brain dysfunction in a 41-year old man with familial alternating hemiplegia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997; 247:35-41. [PMID: 9088804 DOI: 10.1007/bf02916251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The acute pathophysiologic changes during hemiplegic spells and the long-term outcome of alternating hemiplegia remain obscure. In a 41-year-old male with familial alternating hemiplegia we found an increase in right frontal cerebral blood flow 3 h into a 5-h left hemiplegic episode. A repeat high-resolution brain SPECT study performed 26 h after the resolution of the left hemiplegia revealed normalization of the frontal blood flow accompanied by hyperperfusion in the right parietal lobe. An interictal SPECT scan several weeks later showed no asymmetries. Head CT and MRI scans were negative. Neuropsychologic assessment and neurologic examination revealed evidence of a diffuse disorder which predominantly involved the right hemisphere. To our knowledge, there are no previous correlative studies of serial high-resolution brain SPECT with MRI, or of detailed neuropsychologic assessment, in adult patients with such an advanced course of alternating hemiplegia of childhood.
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103
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Ogle R, Sillence DO, Merrick A, Ell J, Lo B, Robson L, Smith A. The Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome in adulthood: evaluation of a 24-year-old man with a rec(4) chromosome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 65:124-7. [PMID: 8911603 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19961016)65:2<124::aid-ajmg8>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We described a profoundly intellectually disabled 24-year-old man with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, left hemiplegia, epilepsy, atrophy of the right cerebral hemisphere, and dilatation of the right ventricle. The patient had a small ventricular septal defect, was wheelchair bound, and totally dependent. He had no speech, but vocalised to show his feelings. In this patient, the del(4)(p15) was subtle and arose due to the inheritance of a recombinant chromosome (4) from a maternal pericentric inversion-46,XX,inv(4) (p15.32q35). Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with probe D4S96 confirmed the deletion. This is the second case of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome resulting from a large pericentric inversion of chromosome 4.
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104
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Evers S, Wieser T, Ringelstein EB. [Genetics of migraine]. DER NERVENARZT 1996; 67:837-45. [PMID: 9036357 DOI: 10.1007/s001150050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several historical reports focusing on the heredity of migraine, as well as recent studies on its epidemiology and molecular biology, have revealed evidence for a decisive role of genetic factors in the aetiopathogenesis of familial migraine. Indeed, family studies, segregation analyses and twin studies have shown that genetic factors play an important role in disposition towards migraine but could not explain the entire aetiopathogenesis. The influence of extragenetic factors, however, remains mostly unknown. Recent linkage analyses have provided evidence for genetic heterogeneity. A locus for Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM), the only known type of migraine that follows autosomaldominant transmission, has been linked to chromosome 19p13 but genetic heterogeneity has also been shown, i.e., different types of migraine could be excluded from this locus. Further investigations should concentrate on identifying the FHM gene on chromosome 19p13, on linkage analyses with markers for different susceptibility genes, and on genomic analyses of highly informative pedigrees. This would lead to further clues to the pathogenesis underlying migraine and, thus, to therapeutic developments.
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Lendvai D, Monteleone F, Melpignano G, Turri E, Verdecchia P, Cantani A. Familial hemiplegic migraine in developmental age: report of two cases. RIVISTA EUROPEA PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE E FARMACOLOGICHE = EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES = REVUE EUROPEENNE POUR LES SCIENCES MEDICALES ET PHARMACOLOGIQUES 1996; 18:143-7. [PMID: 9177612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors report two cases of a particular type of migraine with aura, known as familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). According to the International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria, the FHM can be diagnosed with the exception of organic causes, in a patient with migraine with aura including emiparesis of anything severity and with an end occurring a member of the family with similarity in the attach pattern. The two clinical cases reported clearly show these features and they can be considered exemplary for this type of pathology. This rare type of migraine has an unknown etiology, it seems to depend on a decreases of cerebral blood flow originative on the occipital lobe, over the subsequentially spreading anteriory region temporal and parietal lobe. The hypoperfusion with the next following neural ischemia is related to the variation of blood flow and/or "the spreading depression" supported by Leao and Olesen recently. We wanted to show these two cases so that the psychiatrist, the pediatrician, and the neurologist can be able to refer parents to the right approach, considering possibility of a pathology rare but benign; this is the FHM.
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106
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Peroutka SJ. Families linked and unlinked to chromosome 19 with familial hemiplegic migraine. Cephalalgia 1996; 16:138. [PMID: 8734764 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1603135-3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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107
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Terwindt GM, Ophoff RA, Haan J, Frants RR, Ferrari MD. Familial hemiplegic migraine: a clinical comparison of families linked and unlinked to chromosome 19.DMG RG. Cephalalgia 1996; 16:153-5. [PMID: 8734765 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1603153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We compared the clinical characteristics of 46 patients from three unrelated families with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) linked to chromosome 19, with those of 20 patients from two families with FHM not linked to chromosome 19. We found no significant differences for age at onset, frequency and duration of attacks, duration of the paresis, and occurrence of basilar migraine symptoms. In the linked families, significantly more patients reported unconsciousness during attacks (39% vs 15%; p < 0.05) and provocation of attacks by mild head trauma (70% vs 40%; p < 0.05). In one linked family patients also displayed chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia, whereas in one unlinked family benign infantile convulsions occurred in addition to FHM. Interestingly, so far an association with cerebellar ataxia was only described in chromosome 19-linked families. FHM linked to chromosome 19 and FHM unlinked to chromosome 19 do not differ with respect to clinical features.
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108
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Weller M, Petersen D, Dichgans J, Klockgether T. Cerebral angiography complications link cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy to familial hemiplegic migraine. Neurology 1996; 46:844. [PMID: 8618700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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109
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Dichgans M, Mayer M, Müller-Myhsok B, Straube A, Gasser T. Identification of a key recombinant narrows the CADASIL gene region to 8 cM and argues against allelism of CADASIL and familial hemiplegic migraine. Genomics 1996; 32:151-4. [PMID: 8786108 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CA-DASIL) is a nonarteriosclerotic, nonamyloid angiopathy characterized by recurrent subcortical ischemic strokes starting in midadulthood and frequently leading to pseudobulbar palsy and dementia. The disease locus has recently been mapped to chromosome 19q12. We have identified a chromosomal crossover in a clinically affected family member, which refines the localization of the CADASIL disease locus. Multipoint linkage analysis established the best estimate for the gene locus within an 8-cM interval bracketed by D19S226 and D19S222. This estimate strongly argues against allelism of CADASIL and familial hemiplegic migraine.
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110
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Ophoff RA, Terwindt GM, Vergouwe MN, van Eijk R, Mohrenweiser H, Litt M, Hofker MH, Haan J, Ferrari MD, Frants RR. A 3-Mb region for the familial hemiplegic migraine locus on 19p13.1-p13.2: exclusion of PRKCSH as a candidate gene. Dutch Migraine Genetic Research Group. Eur J Hum Genet 1996; 4:321-8. [PMID: 9043864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is an autosomal domianant subtype of migraine with attacks, associated with transient episodes of hemiparesis. One of the genes for FHM has been assigned to chromosome 19p13. Detailed analysis of critical recombinants from two different chromosome 19-linked FHM families, using new markers indicated a 6-cM candidate region on 19p13.1-p13.2 flanked by loci D19S394 and D19S226. Another paroxysmal neurological disorder, episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), has also been linked to the same chromosomal region. Most of the interval was completely covered by YAC and cosmid contigs; the physical map yielded approximately 3 Mb encompassing several genes including the protein kinase substrate 80K-H (PRKCSH) gene. Since PRKCSH is involved in neuronal signal transduction, it was considered to be an FHM candidate gene. The genomic structure of this gene was established and mutation analysis for all exon and flanking intron sequences was performed in FHM- and EA-2-affected individuals. Five polymorphisms were identified, including a trinucleotide repeat length variation in the coding sequence. However, no potential disease causing mutation was found and therefore the PRKCSH gene can be excluded for both FHM and EA-2.
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Abstract
Twins were more than three times more common in a large sample of London children with congenital hemiplegia than in the general population. This over-representation of twins could largely be explained by their higher rate of preterm birth, though twin-specific risk factors, including the consequences of a co-twin's death in utero, may also have played a part. None of the 34 co-twins who survived infancy had hemiplegia or any other form of cerebral palsy. Among 155 siblings of singletons with congenital hemiplegia, no child had hemiplegia and only one had cerebral palsy. Perhaps it is chance rather then genetic liability or an adverse environment that primarily governs who does and does not become congenitally hemiplegic.
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112
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Elliott MA, Peroutka SJ, Welch S, May EF. Familial hemiplegic migraine, nystagmus, and cerebellar atrophy. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:100-6. [PMID: 8572654 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by transient hemiplegia during the aura phase of a migraine attack. Nystagmus has been reported in individuals affected with this disorder, but the origin of the ocular motility findings is unknown. A three-generation family with FHM is described and clinical histories are outlined. Ocular motility evaluations were performed on 7 family members, 5 with a history of hemiplegic migraine and 2 without history of migraine. All affected family members had abnormal eye movements consistent with vestibulocerebellar dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging scans in affected family members revealed cerebellar vermian atrophy. DNA linkage analysis revealed a common marker in all the affected family members on chromosome 19. We suggest that the hemiplegic migraine attacks and the cerebellar degeneration are linked genetically and that the eye movements are not the ischemic sequelae of recurrent migraine. Strikingly similar ocular motility findings and cerebellar degeneration are reported in both FHM and a genetically related disorder, hereditary paroxysmal cerebellar ataxia (HPCA). The significance of these similarities is discussed along with a proposed pathophysiology for FHM.
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113
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Merikangas K. Common heredity of familial hemiplegic migraine and basilar artery migraine? Cephalalgia 1995; 15:449. [PMID: 8706104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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114
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Haan J, Terwindt GM, Ophoff RA, Bos PL, Frants RR, Ferrari MD, Krommenhoek T, Lindhout DL, Sandkuyl LA, Van Eyk R. Is familial hemiplegic migraine a hereditary form of basilar migraine? Cephalalgia 1995; 15:477-81. [PMID: 8706110 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1995.1506477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied aura symptoms in 83 patients from 6 unrelated families suffering from familial hemiplegic migraine. Fifty-five of the patients reported symptoms that allowed us to categorize them as basilar migraine (BM) patients, in accordance with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. In a control group of 33 patients suffering from migraine with aura and 33 patients suffering from migraine without aura, 9 patients complained of vertigo, and only one patient of diplopia during one of her attacks. None of these control patients fulfilled the IHS criteria for BM. We suggest that familial hemiplegic migraine and BM may share certain pathophysiologic mechanisms, which may consist of a (genetically determined) disturbance of basilar artery blood flow.
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115
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Hutchinson M, O'Riordan J, Javed M, Quin E, Macerlaine D, Wilcox T, Parfrey N, Nagy TG, Tournier-Lasserve E. Familial hemiplegic migraine and autosomal dominant arteriopathy with leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Ann Neurol 1995; 38:817-24. [PMID: 7486874 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410380517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a recently described familial cerebrovascular disorder shown to map to chromosome 19q12. Familial hemiplegic migraine has also been shown in some families to map close to the CADASIL locus. The fully developed CADASIL phenotype consists of recurrent strokes developing in the fourth decade, progressing to a pseudobulbar palsy, spastic quadriparesis, and subcortical dementia. In an Irish family 15 members were fully investigated by magnetic resonance scanning; 10 had typical magnetic resonance features of CADASIL. Five members of this family had familial hemiplegic migraine and 4 of these had magnetic resonance evidence of CADASIL. Two other members had migraine with and without aura as a presenting clinical symptom of CADASIL. This disorder has been shown by linkage analysis to map to the CADASIL locus at chromosome 19. The phenotype at presentation of CADASIL in this family was variable and age related and included familial hemiplegic migraine, migraine with and without aura, transient ischemic attacks, strokes, and spinal cord infarction. This family study increases our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations of this underrecognized familial cerebrovascular disorder.
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117
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Abstract
Familial hemiplegic migraine and its associated signs and symptoms have previously been well described. The condition demonstrates autosomal dominant inheritance and has been recently assigned to a locus on chromosome 19. Previous reports of familial hemiplegic migraine have indicated that expression always occurs early in life. We describe a patient who presented with multiple episodes of reversible hemiplegia followed by headache at the age of 75. Seven other family members were found to have been affected in a similar manner. We believe this case represents a unique description of familial hemiplegic migraine presenting in later life.
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118
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Uncini A, Lodi R, Di Muzio A, Silvestri G, Servidei S, Lugaresi A, Iotti S, Zaniol P, Barbiroli B. Abnormal brain and muscle energy metabolism shown by 31P-MRS in familial hemiplegic migraine. J Neurol Sci 1995; 129:214-22. [PMID: 7608738 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(94)00283-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of unknown pathogenesis characterized by migraine and transitory hemiplegic attacks. We describe a kindred fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for FHM in which: (1) brain phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) showed a reduced phosphocreatine content accompanied by high [ADP], high percentage of V/Vmax of ATP biosynthesis and decreased phosphorylation potential; (2) muscle 31P-MRS showed a reduced rate of phosphocreatine recovery after exercise; (3) blood lactate was increased after effort; (4) muscle biopsy showed, in one patient, rare ragged red fibers succinate-dehydrogenase positive and cytochrome c oxidase negative; (5) genetic analysis of muscle mitochondrial DNA did not show any of the two point mutations in the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) associated with the MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy with Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes). The defective energy metabolism of brain and muscle found in this pedigree suggests a multisystemic disorder of mitochondrial function in this FHM pedigree.
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119
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Joutel A, Tournier-Lasserve E, Bousser MG. [Hemiplegic migraine]. Presse Med 1995; 24:411-4. [PMID: 7899422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
By analogy with ophthalmic migraine, hemiplegic migraine is defined by the occurrence during the attacks of unilateral weakness. This simple definition is however far from reflecting the wide range of clinical situations reported under this term. Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a well individualized autosomal dominant condition. Attacks start in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. They invariably include a unilateral weakness lasting 30 to 60 minutes and almost always associated with visual, sensory, or speech disturbances. They are occasionally very severe with a dense hemiplegia, confusion, coma or fever, but they always completely recover. Brain neuroimaging is normal. In 20% of the families, migraine is associated with permanent neurological signs, mainly nystagmus and cerebellar ataxia. FHM is a genetically heterogeneous condition, with half of the families linked to chromosome 19 and the other half in which this link is excluded. By contrast to FHM, which is a well defined entity, other varieties of so called hemiplegic migraine do not deserve to be individualized as such. They include attacks of migraine with typical aura when a unilateral weakness is part of the aura, severe hemiplegic attacks similar to those reported in FHM but sporadic, migrainous infarcts with hemiplegia, and, for some authors, alternating hemiplegia of childhood. The pathogenesis of all these conditions and of migraine itself remaining largely unknown, it is currently impossible to know whether or not they share common pathophysiologic mechanisms. The identification of the gene on chromosome 19 and the discovery of other genes will be major steps to elucidate this question.
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Abstract
The first documented case of cerebrovascular disease occurring in a 13-year-old girl with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is reported. This patient, the oldest known survivor with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, had previously experienced multiple sequential neurologic problems. She presented with episodes of transient left hemiparesis, followed shortly thereafter by dense left hemiplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right internal capsule infarct; cerebral angiography revealed vasculopathy of the proximal vessels. Proposed mechanisms for neurologic dysfunction and cerebrovascular disease in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency are discussed.
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121
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Marchioni E, Galimberti CA, Soragna D, Ferrandi D, Maurelli M, Ratti MT, Bo P, Montalbetti L, Albergati A, Savoldi F. Familial hemiplegic migraine versus migraine with prolonged aura: an uncertain diagnosis in a family report. Neurology 1995; 45:33-7. [PMID: 7824130 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.45.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Four of five members of a family complained of repeated attacks of hemiplegic migraine, migraine with aura of different types, or migraine without aura. The hemiplegia always outlasted the headache and was often accompanied by altered consciousness, aphasia, and, in one patient, coma; in this latter patient, the ictal EEG, recorded during two attacks, showed delta activity in the hemisphere contralateral to the hemiplegia. At least 2 months after their latest attacks, three patients showed dyscalculia, attentional disturbances, and impaired long-term verbal memory on neuropsychologic assessment. There were no cognitive disturbances in the unaffected relative. The severity of cognitive impairment appears to be correlated with migraine history. We attempt to classify these cases according to the criteria of the International Headache Society.
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Andermann E, Andermann F, Silver K, Levin S, Arnold D. Benign familial nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Neurology 1994; 44:1812-4. [PMID: 7936227 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.44.10.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In infancy, two brothers developed recurrent attacks of alternating or bilateral hemiplegia arising exclusively out of sleep. The episodes were terminated by even brief sleep. Neither child had hypotonia, dystonic attacks, paroxysmal eye movement abnormalities, or other features characteristic of the now-classic form of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). The development of the brothers has so far remained normal. Both parents have a history of migraine. In the older boy, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of muscle showed increased inorganic phosphate similar to what is found in children with AHC. In the younger brother and parents, MRS of muscle was normal. Other investigations were unrevealing. Flunarizine greatly reduced the duration of attacks. This genetically determined disorder represents a specific entity that is probably migraine-related and is easily misdiagnosed as AHC. Because of its benign course, particularly as far as mental development is concerned, it must be distinguished from classic AHC, which has a terrible prognosis.
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Haan J, Terwindt GM, Bos PL, Ophoff RA, Frants RR, Ferrari MD. Familial hemiplegic migraine in The Netherlands. Dutch Migraine Genetics Research Group. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1994; 96:244-9. [PMID: 7988094 DOI: 10.1016/0303-8467(94)90076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article we describe two Dutch families with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). In one family FHM co-segregated with cerebellar ataxia. We discuss the relevance of the genetics of FHM for the research into the genetics of 'normal' migraine with or without aura.
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Ophoff RA, van Eijk R, Sandkuijl LA, Terwindt GM, Grubben CP, Haan J, Lindhout D, Ferrari MD, Frants RR. Genetic heterogeneity of familial hemiplegic migraine. Genomics 1994; 22:21-6. [PMID: 7959770 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a distinctive form of migraine with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The migraine-like attacks are associated with transient hemiparesis. A locus for FHM has recently been assigned to chromosome 19 by linkage mapping. In the present study, five unrelated pedigrees with multiple members suffering from hemiplegic migraine were investigated. In two of the pedigrees additional symptoms, cerebellar ataxia and benign neonatal convulsions, respectively, were observed in affected members. Three pedigrees showed linkage to loci D19S391, D19S221, and D19S226 at chromosome 19p13. Haplotyping suggested a location of a FHM gene between D19S391 and D19S221. In the two remaining families, evidence against linkage was found. These results confirm the localization of a gene for familial hemiplegic migraine to the short arm of chromosome 19, but locus heterogeneity not corresponding to the observed clinical heterogeneity is likely to exist.
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125
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Abstract
Family histories of left-handedness were obtained for 396 children with congenital or acquired hemiplegia. As in other studies, right-sided hemiplegia was substantially more common than left-sided hemiplegia. The excess of right hemiplegia was entirely accounted for by children with left-handed relatives. This is contrary to what would be expected if the preponderance of right hemiplegia reflected a greater vulnerability of the dominant hemisphere to early damage. Though the observed association between right hemiplegia and a family history of left-handedness may well have occurred by chance, it could potentially reflect some heritable aspect of cerebral asymmetry (such as slow development of the left hemisphere) that predisposes an individual both to left-handedness and to left-hemisphere injury.
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