2701
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Chen W, Ohmiya K, Shimizu S, Kawakami H. Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic dehydrodivanillin-degrading bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:1254-7. [PMID: 3389817 PMCID: PMC202635 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.5.1254-1257.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel, strictly anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming, fusiform, rod-shaped bacterium having high dehydrodivanillin (DDV)-degrading activity was isolated from cow ruminal fluid. This strain degraded a range of six main lignin-related compounds such as DDV, ferulic acid, dehydrodiisoeugenol, guaiacoxyacetic acid, vanillin, and veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether to the extent of 14 to 83% within 2 days under strictly anaerobic conditions. As DDV degradation intermediates, three aromatic compounds (dehydrodivanillic acid, vanillic acid, and 5-carboxyvanillic acid) and two alicyclic compounds (cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and cyclohexanol) were detected by thin-layer, high-performance liquid, and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The addition of 1% glucose and peptone in a synthetic medium stimulated growth of the strain but slowed down DDV degradation. The presence of 0.1% yeast extract increased both cell growth and DDV degradation. The growth yield in defined medium was 151.5 g (dry weight) of cells per mol of DDV utilized. Characterization of the strain indicated that it was distinct from known Fusobacterium and Clostridium species. The bacterium was easily induced to form protoplasts after treatment with either penicillin or lysozyme. The frequencies of protoplast formation and regeneration in the strain were 94 and 18%, respectively.
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2702
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Chen W, Struhl K. Saturation mutagenesis of a yeast his3 "TATA element": genetic evidence for a specific TATA-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:2691-5. [PMID: 3282236 PMCID: PMC280064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast his3 promoter region contains two distinct classes of "TATA elements," constitutive (TC) and regulatory (TR), that are defined by their interactions with upstream promoter elements, selectivity of initiation sites, and chromatin structure. TC is localized between positions -83 and -53, and TR is localized between positions -55 and -35, regions in which there are several TATA-like sequences. In this study, we used saturation mutagenesis to examine the structural requirements of the his3 TR element necessary for transcriptional induction. To avoid the complications of redundant elements, the phenotypic analysis was carried out by using a gal-his3 hybrid promoter whose function depends on a short oligonucleotide containing the prospective his3 TR element. In this context, an oligonucleotide containing the sequence TATAAA is sufficient for TR function. However, 17 out of the 18 possible single-base substitutions and 9 out of 10 double mutations of this sequence abolish TR function. This strict sequence requirement for TR function strongly suggests that the TR element is a target site for a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Further, as the region encoding TC and promoters of certain other yeast genes do not contain a sequence that is compatible with TR function, we suggest that yeast cells contain multiple proteins with distinct sequence specificities that carry out a related "TATA function" and that yeast promoters can be divided into classes based on their downstream promoter elements.
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2703
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Liu HZ, Chen W, Liu QY. [Identification of Streptomyces S-254 which produces thrombin inhibitor]. WEI SHENG WU XUE BAO = ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA 1988; 28:88-90. [PMID: 3388830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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2704
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Meng Q, Chen W. Pygmaeoherin: A Novel Coumarin from Pygmaeopremna herbacea. PLANTA MEDICA 1988; 54:48-9. [PMID: 17265203 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-962333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new 6-oxygenated coumarin, pygmaeoherin, was isolated from roots of PYGMAEOPREMNA HERBACEA. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods. An NOE experiment played an important role in confirming the structure.
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2705
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Singh V, Chen W, Yun H, Wahi R. On the cyclic stress-strain behaviour of a Ni-base superalloy at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0036-9748(88)80309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2706
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Allen NS, Catalina F, Luc-Gardette J, Green W, Green PN, Chen W, Fatinikun KO. Spectroscopic properties and photopolymerisation activity of 4-n-propoxythioxanthone. Eur Polym J 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(88)90080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2707
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Struhl K, Brandl CJ, Chen W, Harbury PA, Hope IA, Mahadevan S. Transcriptional activation by yeast GCN4, a functional homolog to the jun oncoprotein. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 1988; 53 Pt 2:701-9. [PMID: 3151184 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1988.053.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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2708
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Allen N, Howells E, Lam E, Catalina F, Green P, Green W, Chen W. Photopolymerisation and flash photolysis of a water soluble benzophenone photoinitiator: Influence of tertiary amine. Eur Polym J 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(88)90055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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2709
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Tiller FM, Crump JR, Chen W, Shen Y. Cycle Optimization Involving the Use of Filter Aids. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/02726358808906501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2710
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Balzi E, Chen W, Ulaszewski S, Capieaux E, Goffeau A. The multidrug resistance gene PDR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:16871-9. [PMID: 3316228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PDR1, responsible for pleiotropic drug resistance, was isolated from a genomic DNA cosmid library by hybridization to the flanking LEU1 gene, followed by subcloning the drug-sensitive phenotype into the transformed pdr1-1, pdr1-2, and pdr1-3 drug-resistant mutants. A RNA molecule of 3.5 kilobases was identified as the PDR1 transcript. The nucleotide sequence of the complementing DNA fragment contained a 3192-nucleotide open reading frame. Disruption of the pdr1 and PDR1 genes restored or increased drug sensitivity. Analysis of the PDR1 deduced amino acid sequence revealed several homologies to four different regulatory proteins involved in the control of gene expression, including a cysteine-rich motif suggested to be a metal-binding domain for DNA recognition. A model is proposed of a general transcriptional control by PDR1 of several target genes encoding proteins from plasma, mitochondria, and possibly other permeability barriers.
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2711
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Balzi E, Chen W, Ulaszewski S, Capieaux E, Goffeau A. The multidrug resistance gene PDR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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2712
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Chen W. [[Discussion on improvement of population statistics in cities and towns in China]]. REN KOU YAN JIU = RENKOU YANJIU 1987:20-3. [PMID: 12282241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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2713
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Chen W, Frazer JW, Dennis L, McBride CM, Boddie AW. Proton magnetic resonance spectral patterns of metastasizing and nonmetastasizing human colon cancers. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1987; 122:1284-8. [PMID: 2823745 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1987.01400230070013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The spectral features of surgically staged metastasizing (ie, modified Duke's stages C and D) and nonmetastasizing (ie, modified Duke's stages A and B1-2) human colon cancers were studied using 60-MHz continuous wave and 200-MHz pulse Fourier transform proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Twenty-one human colon cancers (four nonmetastasizing and 17 metastasizing tumors) collectively contained 24 spectral peaks. A peak at 6.7 to 6.87 parts per million cycles (ppm) was found in three nonmetastasizing tumors but only one metastasizing tumor; the mean area at this peak location was significantly higher in the nonmetastasizing tumors. Mean peak areas at 1.4 to 1.47 ppm, 2.0 to 2.33 ppm, and 8.3 to 8.6 ppm were significantly higher in metastasizing tumors; however, these peaks were observed with only marginally greater frequency in metastasizing vs nonmetastasizing tumors: seven of 17 vs zero of four, 11 of 17 vs one of four, and eight of 17 vs zero of four tumors, respectively. This study suggests that magnetic resonance spectral features may aid in staging human colon cancers and could be used to enhance magnetic resonance imaging of these lesions.
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2714
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Chen W, Mills DL. Optical response of nonlinear multilayer structures: Bilayers and superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:6269-6278. [PMID: 9942331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.6269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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2715
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Chen W, Alley MR. Lesions of toxoplasmosis in the perirenal adipose tissue of aborted kids. N Z Vet J 1987; 35:176. [PMID: 16031335 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.1987.35434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2716
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Chen W, Tabor S, Struhl K. Distinguishing between mechanisms of eukaryotic transcriptional activation with bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Cell 1987; 50:1047-55. [PMID: 3304661 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To distinguish between mechanisms of eukaryotic transcriptional activation, we tested whether yeast upstream promoter elements can stimulate transcription by a heterologous transcription machinery, bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. The gal enhancer-like element recognized by GAL4 protein or the ded1 poly(dA-dT) element was placed upstream of the T7 promoter and his3 structural gene, and T7 RNA polymerase was produced in yeast cells. Under conditions where the gal element would normally be either activating or nonactivating, his3 transcription by T7 RNA polymerase was not stimulated above the level observed in the absence of any upstream element. In contrast, the ded1 poly(dA-dT) element stimulated transcription 7-fold, similar to the enhancement observed on the native ded1 promoter. Activation by the ded1 element thus may involve effects on the chromatin template that facilitate entry of the transcription machinery, whereas activation by the gal element may involve specific contacts between GAL4 and the transcriptional machinery.
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2717
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Sher A, Chen AB, Chen W. Quasichemical approximation in binary alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:4279-4295. [PMID: 9943408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2718
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2719
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Chen W, Ohmiya K, Shimizu S. Intergeneric protoplast fusion between Fusobacterium varium and Enterococcus faecium for enhancing dehydrodivanillin degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:542-8. [PMID: 3579269 PMCID: PMC203703 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.3.542-548.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intergeneric protoplast fusion between Fusobacterium varium (Pcs Glu+) and Enterococcus faecium (Pcr Glu-) was performed under strictly anaerobic conditions to improve dehydrodivanillin (DDV) degradation. The fusion frequency obtained from the selective medium (Pc+ Glu-) was about 0.9 X 10(-5) to 1.3 X 10(-5). The seven fusants isolated were all gram-negative anaerobes with rod shapes like that of F. varium and with main phenotypical properties of cocci like those of E. faecium such as esculin and starch hydrolysis, milk clotting, and lactate production. Five fusants showed enhanced DDV degradation activities that were 2 to 4 times higher than those of parental strains. Genetic relatedness between a fusant (FE7) and the parents was estimated by DNA-DNA Southern blot hybridization with 32P-labeled chromosomal DNA fragments of F. varium and E. faecium as respective probes. The fusant FE7 presented a very high cross-hybridization with both probes, indicating a high DNA homology between the fusant and both parental strains. Almost all the fusants obtained here have stably kept the properties described above for about 2 years. These results suggest that intergeneric gene transfer takes place through protoplast fusion and that the fusants that were obtained are stable recombinants.
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2720
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Chen W, Mills DL. Optical response of a nonlinear dielectric film. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:524-532. [PMID: 9941435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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2721
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Chen W, Mills DL. Gap solitons and the nonlinear optical response of superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 58:160-163. [PMID: 10034618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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2722
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Chen W, Ohmiya K, Shimizu S. Protoplast formation and regeneration of dehydrodivanillin-degrading strains of Fusobacterium varium and Enterococcus faecium. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:612-6. [PMID: 3777921 PMCID: PMC239085 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.4.612-616.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two strains of rumen anaerobes isolated from dehydrodivanillin-degrading cultures were identified as Fusobacterium varium and Enterococcus faecium. These organisms degraded dehydrodivanillin synergistically to 5-carboxymethylvanillin and vanillic acid. Specific conditions for protoplast formation and cell wall regeneration for both bacteria were determined, under strictly anaerobic conditions, to be as follows. The cell wall of each bacterium in yeast extract medium was loosened by adding penicillin G during early log-phase growth. The cell wall of F. varium was lysed by lysozyme (1 mg/ml) in glycerol (0.2 M)-phosphate buffer (0.05 M; pH 7.0). The addition of NaCl (0.08 M) with lysozyme was necessary for lysis of E. faecium in this solution. Almost all cells were converted to protoplasts after 2 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Regeneration of both protoplasts was 20 to 30% on an agar-containing yeast extract medium.
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2723
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Guyot-Sionnest P, Chen W, Shen YR. General considerations on optical second-harmonic generation from surfaces and interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 33:8254-8263. [PMID: 9938219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.8254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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2724
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Chen W, Coorough R. Effect of EMG-biofeedback training in reduction of muscle tension for individuals displaying type A behavior patterns. Percept Mot Skills 1986; 62:841-2. [PMID: 3725520 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1986.62.3.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of EMG biofeedback training in reducing muscle tension among subjects who displayed Type A behavior. 22 Type A college students (19 to 22 yr. old) were randomly assigned to either a biofeedback group or a control group. After 6 wk. of training, Type A subjects showed a significant reduction in muscle tension for both resting and aroused states; however, the reduction of muscle tension did not result in reduction of Type A behavior patterns.
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2725
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Chang TM, Passaro EP, Su DJ, Hwang CC, Law SL, Pai SH, Chen W. Technetium 99m-DTPA microcapsules: a new preparation for gastric emptying studies. Am J Surg 1986; 151:722-4. [PMID: 3521353 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(86)90051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Technetium 99m-DTPA microcapsules have been developed to measure gastric emptying. Such capsules not only provide high labeling efficiency in vitro, but demonstrate limited dissociation in vivo, resulting in decreased error during measurement. In normal control subjects, the half-life ranged from 40 to 80 minutes under the aforementioned conditions.
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2726
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Chen K, Wang T, Chen W. [Causes and consequences of population change in Taiwan]. IN'GU MUNJE NONJIP = JOURNAL OF POPULATION STUDIES 1986:1-23. [PMID: 12222423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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2727
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Wang ZY, Xu YC, Sun YZ, Li Y, Cui SZ, Chen W, Cui SR, Zhang DZ, Ding L. [Combination of radiation, chemotherapy and surgery in rectal cancer--an analysis of 128 patients]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 1986; 8:228-30. [PMID: 3017666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The results of 128 patients with rectal cancer treated by the combination of surgery, preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy from June 1975 to December 1979 are reported and compared with those by operation alone. The 5 year survival rates of the different groups were: 69.5% (16/23) for radical surgery plus preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (RRCG), 56% (14/25) for radical surgery plus preoperative radiotherapy, 53.8% (7/13) for radical surgery plus chemotherapy and 40% (10/25) for radical surgery alone. The 5 year survival rate of RRCG was significantly higher than that of the radical surgery alone group (P less than 0.05). The authors believe that the combination of preoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy plus radical surgery improves the 5 year survival rate and is worthy of further study.
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2728
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Wang NJ, Shao LQ, Chen W. [Pathologic analysis of primary liver cancer: 35 patients surviving for more than 5 years postoperatively]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1986; 24:276-8, 316. [PMID: 2428566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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2729
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Chen W, Zhang XY. [Synthesis of 11-keto-delta 9-norethisterone]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1986; 21:300-2. [PMID: 3788599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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2730
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Weinshel E, Chen W, Falkenstein DB, Kessler R, Raicht RF. Hemorrhoids or rectal varices: defining the cause of massive rectal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1986; 90:744-7. [PMID: 3484711 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(86)91132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the source of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension can be challenging. We present 2 cases of hemorrhage from rectal varices and a discussion on the differences between simple hemorrhoids and rectal varices. Evaluation of rectal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension is discussed and possible therapeutic options are described.
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2731
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Chen W. [[Classification of age-specific fertility and regional differences]]. REN KOU YAN JIU = RENKOU YANJIU 1986:55-7. [PMID: 12268994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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2732
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Chen W, Supanwong K, Ohmiya K, Shimizu S, Kawakami H. Anaerobic degradation of veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether and guaiacoxyacetic acid by mixed rumen bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 50:1451-6. [PMID: 3841472 PMCID: PMC238779 DOI: 10.1128/aem.50.6.1451-1456.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (0.2 g/liter), a lignin model compound, was found to be degraded by mixed rumen bacteria in a yeast extract medium under strictly anaerobic conditions to the extent of 19% within 24 h. Guaiacoxyacetic acid, 2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)ethanol, vanillic acid, and vanillin were detected as degradation products of veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Guaiacoxyacetic acid (0.25 g/liter), when added into the medium as a substrate, was entirely degraded within 36 h, resulting in the formation of phenoxyacetic acid, guaiacol, and phenol. These results suggest that the beta-arylether bond, an important intermonomer linkage in lignin, can be cleaved completely by these rumen anaerobes.
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2733
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Chen W, Struhl K. Yeast mRNA initiation sites are determined primarily by specific sequences, not by the distance from the TATA element. EMBO J 1985; 4:3273-80. [PMID: 3912167 PMCID: PMC554654 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We present evidence suggesting that accurate mRNA initiation in yeast cells, unlike their higher eukaryotic counterparts, is determined primarily by specific sequences downstream from the TATA element. First, changing the distance between the his3 TATA element and the initiation region does not affect the sites of initiation or the level of RNA. Second, reciprocal his3-ded1 and ded1-his3 hybrid promoters containing the upstream and TATA elements of one gene fused to the mRNA coding region of the other gene initiate transcription at sites defined by wild-type mRNA coding sequences, not by the distance from the TATA element. Third, when the his3 or ded1 promoter region is fused to position +2 of the his3 gene, transcripts initiated from a position equivalent to +1 are not observed. The results also suggest that the spacing between the TATA element and initiation site is relatively flexible; distance ranging from 40 to 90 bp appear to be functionally acceptable.
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2734
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Chen W. [[A brief account of the contradiction between the size of our population and the amount of cultivated land and its consequences]]. REN KOU YAN JIU = RENKOU YANJIU 1985:21-2. [PMID: 12314955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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2735
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Chen W. [Care of the patients undergoing a one-stage femoral lengthening operation]. ZHONGHUA HU LI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NURSING 1985; 20:80-1. [PMID: 3846508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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2736
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Struhl K, Chen W, Hill DE, Hope IA, Oettinger MA. Constitutive and coordinately regulated transcription of yeast genes: promoter elements, positive and negative regulatory sites, and DNA binding proteins. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 1985; 50:489-503. [PMID: 3913566 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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2737
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Chen W, Ohmiya K, Shimizu S, Kawakami H. Degradation of Dehydrodivanillin by Anaerobic Bacteria from Cow Rumen Fluid. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 49:211-6. [PMID: 16346698 PMCID: PMC238372 DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.1.211-216.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrodivanillin (DDV; 0.15 g/liter) was biodegradable at 37°C under strictly anaerobic conditions by microflora from cow rumen fluid to the extent of 25% within 2 days in a yeast extract medium. The anaerobes were acclimated on DDV for 2 weeks, leading to DDV-degrading microflora with rates of degradation eight times higher than those initially. Dehydrodivanillic acid and vanillic acid were detected in an ethylacetate extract of a DDV-enriched culture broth by thin-layer, gas, and high-performance liquid chromatographies and by mass spectrometry.
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2738
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Chen W, Qiu LK. [Synthesis of cyclopentylpropionic ester of norethisterone acetate as a long-acting contraceptive]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1984; 19:935-7. [PMID: 6544567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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2739
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Pan CH, Chen W, Chiang TP. [Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome and intussusception--a case report]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1984; 83:1058-1063. [PMID: 6597268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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2740
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Koya G, Chen W. [Embolism of the central nervous system due to seminal vesicle cancer]. NIHON RINSHO. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 1983; 41:2402-11. [PMID: 6668703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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2741
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Cohen SM, Brown FR, Martyn L, Moser HW, Chen W, Kistenmacher M, Punnett H, de la Cruz ZC, Chan NR, Green WR. Ocular histopathologic and biochemical studies of the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome (Zellweger's syndrome) and its relationship to neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 1983; 96:488-501. [PMID: 6624831 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The eyes of three infants with cerebrohepatorenal disease (Zellweger's syndrome) who died demonstrated ganglion cell loss, gliosis of the nerve fiber layer and optic nerve, optic atrophy, and changes resembling those of retinitis pigmentosa in the retina and pigment epithelium. Ultrastructural examination showed bileaflet inclusions identical to those seen in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy in the pigment epithelium and in pigmented macrophages, but these were absent in the cornea. Biochemical analysis of tissues demonstrated an excessive amount of very-long-chain fatty acids in the ocular tissues, an abnormality also found in adrenoleukodystrophy. These histopathologic and biochemical results demonstrated that the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy are similar in regard to ocular abnormalities and the presence of saturated very-long-chain fatty acids.
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2742
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Abstract
This study investigated how much subjects could retain ability to reduce muscle tension without daily practice and the extent to which periodic re-training would be a practical and effective way of retaining the skill. 19 male and 29 female subjects were given standard frontalis muscle biofeedback relaxation training. After initial training, 34 subjects in the experimental group were further randomly assigned to 3 different re-training groups: re-training once every 2 wk., re-training once every 4 wk., and none. All three groups maintained their ability to reduce muscle tension, and the group given re-training once every 2 wk. further improved that ability.
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2743
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2744
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Chen W, Mok CK, Ng WL. Haemoptysis in pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with pulmonary hypertension: surgical dilemma. THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF SURGERY 1982; 52:557-9. [PMID: 6962723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1982.tb06110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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2745
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Chen W, Woo KS, Kong SM, Mok CK. Coronary artery to left ventricle fistulas: echocardiographic features. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1982; 5:241-5. [PMID: 7159888 DOI: 10.1007/bf02565404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The echocardiographic features of a coronary artery fistula that drains into the left ventricle were described in two patients. The clinical picture mimicked moderate to severe aortic insufficiency; however, M-mode echocardiogram revealed unusual features. Diastolic fluttering of the anterior mitral leaflet and the septum was absent in the first patient, while the second patient had marked diastolic fluttering of the posterior mitral leaflet and the left ventricular wall at the atrioventricular junction. In both, the coronary artery fistula could be visualized by cross-sectional echocardiography. Contrast echocardiography performed during cardiac catheterization in the second patient demonstrated that the diastolic fluttering of the posterior mitral leaflet was related to the jetting of blood from the coronary artery fistula.
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2746
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Shieh SD, Lin RB, Fan CD, Shyh TP, Chen W, Huang HW. Reversible soft tissue calcification in acute renal failure--2 case reports. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1982; 81:1413-8. [PMID: 6219187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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2747
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2748
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Chen W, Lee PK, Chau PY. Penicillin-sensitive Moraxella prosthetic endocarditis. Near disaster caused by failure to treat with penicillin. Heart 1982; 47:101-2. [PMID: 7055505 PMCID: PMC481104 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.47.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient with late prosthetic endocarditis resulting from Moraxella non-liquefaciens is reported. Correct laboratory indentification is of therapeutic importance as Moraxella is often highly sensitive to penicillin. Because of suspected penicillin sensitivity, antibiotics other than penicillin were used, but failed to control the endocarditis. Prompt response occurred when penicillin was given. Penicillin remains by far the most effective antibiotic for the treatment of endocarditis, particularly when affecting prosthetic valves, and caused by organisms sensitive to penicillin.
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2749
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Zhu Y, Wu Y, Chen W, Tan C, Gao J, Fei J, Shih C. Induction and regulation of cellulase synthesis in Trichoderma pseudokoningii mutants EA3-867 and N2-78. Enzyme Microb Technol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(82)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2750
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Chen W. Comparison of sensory modes of biofeedback in relaxation training of frontalis muscle. Percept Mot Skills 1981; 53:875-80. [PMID: 7322785 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1981.53.3.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various sensory modes of EMG biofeedback to relaxation training of the frontalis muscle. 19 male and 29 female subjects were randomly selected from a pool of college volunteers. They were then randomly assigned 12 each to audiofeedback, visual feedback, audiovisual feedback, and no feedback groups. There were 11 20-min. sessions per subject. Subjects in the biofeedback groups were trained to reduce muscle tension voluntarily by utilizing Cyborg J33 EMG portable trainers. The subjects in the three feedback groups exhibited significantly lower muscle tension than did the subjects in the no-feedback control group. There were no significant differences in relaxation among the three feedback groups.
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