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Power C, Williams C, Brown A. Does childbirth experience affect infant behaviour? Exploring the perceptions of maternity care providers. Midwifery 2019; 78:131-139. [PMID: 31437757 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of childbirth interventions are known to increase risk of health complications for mother and infant, alongside having a negative impact upon maternal wellbeing. However less is understood about how childbirth experience may affect infant behaviour (e.g. how calm or unsettled an infant is). This study explores maternity care provider perceptions of how and why childbirth experience may affect infant behaviour. DESIGN A qualitative semi-structured interview study. SETTING Bristol, Swansea and West Wales, UK. PARTICIPANTS 18 maternity care providers. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS A semi-structured interview schedule was developed to explore maternity care providers' perceptions of how maternal experience of childbirth could influence infant behaviour. Findings highlighted how maternity care providers perceived childbirth experience to sometimes impact positively or negatively on infant behaviour. A calmer birth and postnatal experience was believed to lead to a calmer infant, whilst physical and emotional stress was associated with more challenging infant behaviours such as crying and being unsettled. Pathways were perceived to be direct (pain and stress during birth might physiologically affect the infant) and indirect (birth was perceived to affect maternal wellbeing and subsequently her interactions with her baby). However, postnatal factors such as skin to skin, postnatal environment and emotional support were believed to mediate these impacts. KEY CONCLUSIONS Birth experience was considered to affect infant behaviour. Promoting as positive a birth experience as possible, including postnatal care, was viewed as significant in supporting positive infant behaviours. Maternity care providers believed this could help facilitate bonding, attachment, and mother-infant wellbeing in the postnatal period. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings highlight maternity care providers' views concerning supporting normal birth and protecting emotional wellbeing during birth and postnatally. Where interventions are necessary, ensuring a calm environment, and enabling normal postnatal behaviours such as skin to skin and breastfeeding were perceived as important. Midwives, it was claimed, need time to nurture mothers alongside providing physical care. LIMITATIONS Participants were self-selecting and might therefore have been biased.
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Mccormick S, Morgan B, Brown A, Wilbanks S, Mace P, Williams M. Nonsynonymous Variants In Lpa Represent Novel Null Apolipoprotein(A) Alleles. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Murphy R, Adams L, Brown A, Cleator C, Gurjal D, Stebbing J, Kenny L, Rehman F. Impact of Routine Use of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy on Breast Cancer Outpatient Clinic Workload and Patient Experience. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bannister KW, Deller AT, Phillips C, Macquart JP, Prochaska JX, Tejos N, Ryder SD, Sadler EM, Shannon RM, Simha S, Day CK, McQuinn M, North-Hickey FO, Bhandari S, Arcus WR, Bennert VN, Burchett J, Bouwhuis M, Dodson R, Ekers RD, Farah W, Flynn C, James CW, Kerr M, Lenc E, Mahony EK, O'Meara J, Osłowski S, Qiu H, Treu T, U V, Bateman TJ, Bock DCJ, Bolton RJ, Brown A, Bunton JD, Chippendale AP, Cooray FR, Cornwell T, Gupta N, Hayman DB, Kesteven M, Koribalski BS, MacLeod A, McClure-Griffiths NM, Neuhold S, Norris RP, Pilawa MA, Qiao RY, Reynolds J, Roxby DN, Shimwell TW, Voronkov MA, Wilson CD. A single fast radio burst localized to a massive galaxy at cosmological distance. Science 2019; 365:565-570. [PMID: 31249136 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief radio emissions from distant astronomical sources. Some are known to repeat, but most are single bursts. Nonrepeating FRB observations have had insufficient positional accuracy to localize them to an individual host galaxy. We report the interferometric localization of the single-pulse FRB 180924 to a position 4 kiloparsecs from the center of a luminous galaxy at redshift 0.3214. The burst has not been observed to repeat. The properties of the burst and its host are markedly different from those of the only other accurately localized FRB source. The integrated electron column density along the line of sight closely matches models of the intergalactic medium, indicating that some FRBs are clean probes of the baryonic component of the cosmic web.
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Bacak M, Aiche M, Bélier G, Berthoumieux E, Diakaki M, Dupont E, Gunsing F, Heyse J, Kopecky S, Laurent B, Leeb H, Mathieu L, Schillebeeckx P, Serot O, Taieb J, Vlachoudis V, Aberle O, Andrzejewski J, Audouin L, Balibrea J, Barbagallo M, Bečvář F, Billowes J, Bosnar D, Brown A, Caamaño M, Calviño F, Calviani M, Cano-Ott D, Cardella R, Casanovas A, Cerutti F, Chen YH, Chiaveri E, Colonna N, Cortés G, Cortés-Giraldo MA, Cosentino L, Damone LA, Domingo-Pardo C, Dressler R, Durán I, Fernández-Domínguez B, Ferrari A, Ferreira P, Finocchiaro P, Furman V, Göbel K, García AR, Gawlik A, Gilardoni S, Glodariu T, Gonçalves IF, González-Romero E, Griesmayer E, Guerrero C, Harada H, Heinitz S, Jenkins DG, Jericha E, Käppeler F, Kadi Y, Kalamara A, Kavrigin P, Kimura A, Kivel N, Knapova I, Kokkoris M, Krtička M, Kurtulgil D, Leal-Cidoncha E, Lederer C, Lerendegui-Marco J, Meo SL, Lonsdale SJ, Macina D, Manna A, Marganiec J, Martínez T, Masi A, Massimi C, Mastinu P, Mastromarco M, Maugeri EA, Mazzone A, Mendoza E, Mengoni A, Milazzo PM, Mingrone F, Musumarra A, Negret A, Nolte R, Oprea A, Patronis N, Pavlik A, Perkowski J, Porras I, Praena J, Quesada JM, Radeck D, Rauscher T, Reifarth R, Rubbia C, Ryan JA, Sabaté-Gilarte M, Saxena A, Schumann D, Sedyshev P, Smith AG, Sosnin NV, Stamatopoulos A, Tagliente G, Tain JL, Tarifeño-Saldivia A, Tassan-Got L, Valenta S, Vannini G, Variale V, Vaz P, Ventura A, Vlastou R, Wallner A, Warren S, Weiss C, Woods PJ, Wright T, Žugec P. Preliminary results on the 233U capture cross section and alpha ratio measured at n_TOF (CERN) with the fission tagging technique. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
233U is of key importance among the fissile nuclei in the Th-U fuel cycle. A particularity of 233U is its small neutron capture cross-section, which is on average about one order of magnitude lower than the fission cross-section. The accuracy in the measurement of the 233U capture cross-section depends crucially on an efficient capture-fission discrimination, thus a combined set-up of fission and γ-detectors is needed. A measurement of the 233U capture cross-section and capture-to-fission ratio was performed at the CERN n_TOF facility. The Total Absorption Calorimeter (TAC) of n_TOF was employed as γ-detector coupled with a novel compact ionization chamber as fission detector. A brief description of the experimental set-up will be given, and essential parts of the analysis procedure as well as the preliminary response of the set-up to capture are presented and discussed.
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Alanazy W, Rance J, Brown A. Exploring maternal and health professional beliefs about the factors that affect whether women in Saudi Arabia attend antenatal care clinic appointments. Midwifery 2019; 76:36-44. [PMID: 31154158 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective antenatal care is important for the health and wellbeing of pregnant women and infants. However, in Saudi Arabia, attendance rates are low, increasing the risk of negative birth outcomes. The aim of this research is to understand the beliefs of pregnant women and health professionals about the factors leading to these low attendance rates. METHODOLOGY A qualitative exploratory study-using semi structured face-to-face interviews. Interviews were conducted exploring (a) attitudes to the use of antenatal care by pregnant Saudi women, (b) beliefs of women regarding the value of antenatal care and (c) perceived barriers to attendance. SETTING Data were collected from three hospitals in two regions of Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS Women at any stage of their pregnancy attending for antenatal care or ultrasound, women attending postnatal clinic, and health professionals (obstetricians) who support women during pregnancy and birth. FINDINGS Although mothers viewed antenatal care as important for maternal and infant health, several barriers to attending care were identified by mothers and professionals. These factors were classified into three themes: physical barriers (e.g., lack of transport), low maternal education, and inadequate healthcare facilities (including negative staff attitudes and poor communication). These factors were exacerbated by the beliefs of partners and family. Notably, the theme of low maternal education was raised only by health professionals, whilst the theme of staff attitudes and communication was raised only by mothers. KEY CONCLUSIONS Barriers to antenatal care exist at the personal, social, socioeconomic and health services level. Some health professionals may be unaware of the importance of their communication style. Interventions to improve attendance must be multifaceted rather than focussing on individual women alone. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Barriers for women attending antenatal healthcare must be addressed in order to increase attendance rates. Specific practice-based interventions may involve changing the time or location of services and exploring changes to staff communication with women.
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Clark R, Shah K, Brown A, Israr M, Starr D, Stassen L. Is eminectomy effective in the management of closed lock? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ortel TL, Arnold K, Beckman M, Brown A, Reyes N, Saber I, Schulteis R, Singh BP, Sitlinger A, Thames EH. Design and Implementation of a Comprehensive Surveillance System for Venous Thromboembolism in a Defined Region Using Electronic and Manual Approaches. Appl Clin Inform 2019; 10:552-562. [PMID: 31365941 PMCID: PMC6669040 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic surveillance for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the United States has been recommended by several organizations. Despite adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) by most health care providers and facilities, however, systematic surveillance for VTE is not available. OBJECTIVES This article develops a comprehensive, population-based surveillance strategy for VTE in a defined geographical region. METHODS The primary surveillance strategy combined computerized searches of the EMR with a manual review of imaging data at the Duke University Health System in Durham County, North Carolina, United States. Different strategies of searching the EMR were explored. Consolidation of results with autopsy reports (nonsearchable in the EMR) and with results from the Durham Veterans' Administration Medical Center was performed to provide a comprehensive report of new VTE from the defined region over a 2-year timeframe. RESULTS Monthly searches of the primary EMR missed a significant number of patients with new VTE who were identified by a separate manual search of radiology records, apparently related to delays in data entry and coding into the EMR. Comprehensive searches incorporating a location-restricted strategy were incomplete due to the assigned residence reflecting the current address and not the address at the time of event. The most comprehensive strategy omitted the geographic restriction step and identified all patients with VTE followed by manual review of individual records to remove incorrect entries (e.g., outside the surveillance time period or geographic location; no evidence for VTE). Consolidation of results from the EMR searches with results from autopsy reports and the separate facility identified additional patients not diagnosed within the Duke system. CONCLUSION We identified several challenges with implementing a comprehensive VTE surveillance program that could limit accuracy of the results. Improved electronic strategies are needed to cross-reference patients across multiple health systems and to minimize the need for manual review and confirmation of results.
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Brown S, Abana CO, Hammad H, Brown A, Mhlanga J, Binder C, Nabavizadeh N, Thomas C, Mitin T, Gilbert EW. Low-Dose Radiation Therapy is an Effective Treatment for Refractory Postoperative Chylous Ascites: A Case Report. Pract Radiat Oncol 2019; 9:153-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ong KJ, van Hoek AJ, Harris RJ, Figueroa J, Waters L, Chau C, Croxford S, Kirwan P, Brown A, Postma MJ, Gill ON, Delpech V. HIV care cost in England: a cross-sectional analysis of antiretroviral treatment and the impact of generic introduction. HIV Med 2019; 20:377-391. [PMID: 31034159 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reliable and timely HIV care cost estimates are important for policy option appraisals of HIV treatment and prevention strategies. As HIV clinical management and outcomes have changed, we aimed to update profiles of antiretroviral (ARV) usage pattern, patent/market exclusivity details and management costs in adults (≥ 18 years old) accessing HIV specialist care in England. METHODS The data reported quarterly to the HIV and AIDS Reporting System in England was used to identify ARV usage pattern, and were combined with British National Formulary (BNF) prices, non-ARV care costs and patent/market exclusivity information to generate average survival-adjusted lifetime care costs. The cumulative budget impact from 2018 to the year in which all current ARVs were expected to lose market exclusivity was calculated for a hypothetical 85 000 (± 5000) person cohort, which provided an illustration of potential financial savings afforded by bioequivalent generic switches. Price scenarios explored BNF70 (September 2015) prices and generics at 10/20/30/50% of proprietary prices. The analyses took National Health Service (NHS) England's perspective (as the payer), and results are presented in 2016/2017 British pounds. RESULTS By 2033, most currently available ARVs would lose market exclusivity; that is, generics could be available. Average per person lifetime HIV cost was ~£200 000 (3.5% annual discount) or ~£400 000 (undiscounted), reducing to ~£70 000 (3.5% annual discount; ~£120 000 undiscounted) with the use of generics (assuming that generics cost 10% of proprietary prices). The cumulative budget to cover 85 000 (± 5000) persons for 16 years (2018-2033) was £10.5 (± 0.6) billion, reducing to £3.6 (± 0.2) billion with the use of generics. CONCLUSIONS HIV management costs are high but financial efficiency could be improved by optimizing generic use for treatment and prevention to mitigate the high cost of lifelong HIV treatment. Earlier implementation of generics as they become available offers the potential to maximize the scale of the financial savings.
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Aprile E, Aalbers J, Agostini F, Alfonsi M, Althueser L, Amaro FD, Anthony M, Antochi VC, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bauermeister B, Benabderrahmane ML, Berger T, Breur PA, Brown A, Brown A, Brown E, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Capelli C, Cardoso JMR, Cichon D, Coderre D, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cussonneau JP, Decowski MP, de Perio P, Di Gangi P, Di Giovanni A, Diglio S, Elykov A, Eurin G, Fei J, Ferella AD, Fieguth A, Fulgione W, Gallo Rosso A, Galloway M, Gao F, Garbini M, Grandi L, Greene Z, Hasterok C, Hogenbirk E, Howlett J, Iacovacci M, Itay R, Joerg F, Kazama S, Kish A, Koltman G, Kopec A, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Lin Q, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Lombardi F, Lopes JAM, López Fune E, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Manfredini A, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Masbou J, Masson D, Mastroianni S, Messina M, Micheneau K, Miller K, Molinario A, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Naganoma J, Ni K, Oberlack U, Odgers K, Pelssers B, Piastra F, Pienaar J, Pizzella V, Plante G, Podviianiuk R, Priel N, Qiu H, Ramírez García D, Reichard S, Riedel B, Rizzo A, Rocchetti A, Rupp N, Dos Santos JMF, Sartorelli G, Šarčević N, Scheibelhut M, Schindler S, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Shagin P, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Therreau C, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Upole N, Vargas M, Wack O, Wang H, Wang Z, Wei Y, Weinheimer C, Wenz D, Wittweg C, Wulf J, Xu Z, Ye J, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Zopounidis JP. Constraining the Spin-Dependent WIMP-Nucleon Cross Sections with XENON1T. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:141301. [PMID: 31050482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.141301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental results on spin-dependent elastic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering from the XENON1T dark matter search experiment. The analysis uses the full ton year exposure of XENON1T to constrain the spin-dependent proton-only and neutron-only cases. No significant signal excess is observed, and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is used to set exclusion limits on the WIMP-nucleon interactions. This includes the most stringent constraint to date on the WIMP-neutron cross section, with a minimum of 6.3×10^{-42} cm^{2} at 30 GeV/c^{2} and 90% confidence level. The results are compared with those from collider searches and used to exclude new parameter space in an isoscalar theory with an axial-vector mediator.
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Nguyen H, Butow P, Dhillon H, Morris L, Brown A, West K, Sundaresan P. OC-0198 Using PROs and PROMs in routine head and neck cancer care: what do RTs perceive as barriers? Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cortes M, Hamilton J, Sharma P, Brown A, Nolan M, Gray K, Byrne J. Formal quantum efficiencies for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in a gas phase batch reactor. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Simpson JD, Brown A. Viewing ultrasound images in the abortion clinic: clients' and health care professionals' opinions. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2019; 24:130-133. [PMID: 30920317 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1588959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The U.K guidance recommends that health care professionals (HCPs) offer clients the opportunity to view their pre-abortion ultrasound scan. As the U.K research on this topic is limited, our objectives were to assess current practice and local population needs, through a prospective, observational survey, to improve the quality of abortion care delivery. METHODS Over a 4 month period all clients attending the Sandyford Termination of Pregnancy and Referral (TOPAR) unit for abortion assessment were asked to fill in an anonymous questionnaire. A further questionnaire was distributed to HCPs working in the TOPAR unit. RESULTS A total of 406 questionnaires were analysed. Almost half (n = 194; 47.8%) of respondents had been offered the opportunity to view their ultrasound scan, of whom 31.4% (61/194) had accepted. The majority of those who had accepted (n = 48; 78.7%) concluded that they were more likely to proceed with the abortion or that viewing the scan had made no difference to their decision to proceed. All HCPs (n = 18; 100%) completed the questionnaire, 55.6% (n = 10) of whom responded that they routinely offered viewing. Ultrasound was not routinely offered by 25% (n = 3) and 83.3% (n = 5) of medical and nursing staff, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found inconsistent practice within our unit. Despite HCPs building rapport with clients prior to the ultrasound, not all clients who wished to have the opportunity to view their scan were identified. It is evident that many clients wish to have the option to choose for themselves whether they want to view their ultrasound scan, rather than be judged by an HCP as someone who might benefit from it.
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Aprile E, Aalbers J, Agostini F, Alfonsi M, Althueser L, Amaro FD, Anthony M, Antochi VC, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bauermeister B, Benabderrahmane ML, Berger T, Breur PA, Brown A, Brown A, Brown E, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Capelli C, Cardoso JMR, Cichon D, Coderre D, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cussonneau JP, Decowski MP, de Perio P, Di Gangi P, Di Giovanni A, Diglio S, Elykov A, Eurin G, Fei J, Ferella AD, Fieguth A, Fulgione W, Gallo Rosso A, Galloway M, Gao F, Garbini M, Grandi L, Greene Z, Hasterok C, Hogenbirk E, Howlett J, Iacovacci M, Itay R, Joerg F, Kaminsky B, Kazama S, Kish A, Koltman G, Kopec A, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Lin Q, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Lombardi F, Lopes JAM, López Fune E, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Manfredini A, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Masbou J, Masson D, Mastroianni S, Messina M, Micheneau K, Miller K, Molinario A, Morå K, Murra M, Naganoma J, Ni K, Oberlack U, Odgers K, Pelssers B, Piastra F, Pienaar J, Pizzella V, Plante G, Podviianiuk R, Priel N, Qiu H, Ramírez García D, Reichard S, Riedel B, Rizzo A, Rocchetti A, Rupp N, Dos Santos JMF, Sartorelli G, Šarčević N, Scheibelhut M, Schindler S, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Shagin P, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Therreau C, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Upole N, Vargas M, Wack O, Wang H, Wang Z, Wei Y, Weinheimer C, Wenz D, Wittweg C, Wulf J, Ye J, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Zopounidis JP, Hoferichter M, Klos P, Menéndez J, Schwenk A. First Results on the Scalar WIMP-Pion Coupling, Using the XENON1T Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:071301. [PMID: 30848617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.071301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present first results on the scalar coupling of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) to pions from 1 t yr of exposure with the XENON1T experiment. This interaction is generated when the WIMP couples to a virtual pion exchanged between the nucleons in a nucleus. In contrast to most nonrelativistic operators, these pion-exchange currents can be coherently enhanced by the total number of nucleons and therefore may dominate in scenarios where spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions are suppressed. Moreover, for natural values of the couplings, they dominate over the spin-dependent channel due to their coherence in the nucleus. Using the signal model of this new WIMP-pion channel, no significant excess is found, leading to an upper limit cross section of 6.4×10^{-46} cm^{2} (90% confidence level) at 30 GeV/c^{2} WIMP mass.
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Brown A, Leeds AR. Very low‐energy and low‐energy formula diets: Effects on weight loss, obesity co‐morbidities and type 2 diabetes remission – an update on the evidence for their use in clinical practice. NUTR BULL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rosdahl JA, Rudd M, Benjamin R, Wiener JS, Sloane R, Brown A, Robert Lee W, Turner D, Qin R, Atwater AR. Effect of the Adoption of a Comprehensive Electronic Health Record on Graduate Medical Education: Perceptions of Faculty and Trainees. South Med J 2019; 111:476-483. [PMID: 30075473 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health systems are adopting electronic health records (EHRs). There are few studies on the effects of EHR implementation on graduate medical education. The authors sought to longitudinally assess perceptions of the impact of EHRs on graduate medical education during implementation and 2 years after implementation. METHODS A survey was distributed to faculty and trainees during the first year (2013) of adoption of the EHR system. A follow-up survey was distributed 2 years later (2015). The χ2 test was used to compare the quantitative responses, and factor analysis was conducted to identify correlations between items. Free text responses were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS The initial survey (in 2013) included 290 faculty and 106 trainees; the follow-up survey (in 2015) included 353 faculty and 226 trainees. In 2013, respondents had a positive impression of EHRs. During the implementation phase, participants believed that face-to-face teaching was negatively affected (P = 0.001). Faculty believed EHRs had a negative effect on trainees' ability to take a history/conduct physical examinations (P = 0.002) and to formulate a differential diagnosis/plan independently (P = 0.003). In 2015, faculty opinions of the impact of the EHR remained unchanged; trainee responses were more positive than in 2013 in some areas. Qualitative analysis showed that the most frequent strategies to enhance the educational process were the development of EHR skills and improved chart access and note assistance. CONCLUSIONS Respondents remain positive about the EHR 2 years after implementation. Faculty remain concerned about its effect on the educational process, whereas residents appear more positive regarding the potential for EHRs to enhance their education.
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Comella A, Michail M, Ihydayhid A, Baldi M, Cameron J, Brown A. Patients with Aortic Stenosis Exhibit Early Improved Endothelial Function Following Aortic Valve Replacement. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu A, Nguyen J, Brown A. Troponin Assay (cTnI) in the Real World: Is it Always a Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction? Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ihdayhid A, Michail M, Leung M, Thakur U, Barron G, Seneviratne S, Ko B, Cameron J, Samady H, Brown A. Validation of Physiological Principles of Non-Invasive Fractional Flow Reserve. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thein P, Isa M, Wong E, Brown A, Cameron J, Nasis A. Association of Global Longitudinal Strain with the Development of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodelling: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Moreno-Soto J, Berthoumieux E, Dupont E, Gunsing F, Serot O, Litaize O, Diakaki M, Chebboubi A, Dridi W, Valenta S, Krtiˇcka M, Aberle O, Alcayne V, Andrzejewski J, Audouin L, Bécares V, Babiano-Suarez V, Bacak M, Barbagallo M, Benedikt T, Bennett S, Billowes J, Bosnar D, Brown A, Busso M, Caamaño M, Caballero-Ontanaya L, Calviño F, Calviani M, Cano-Ott D, Casanovas A, Cerutti F, Chiaveri E, Colonna N, Cortés G, Cortés-Giraldo MA, Cosentino L, Cristallo S, Damone LA, Davies PJ, Dietz M, Domingo-Pardo C, Dressler R, Ducasse Q, Durán I, Eleme Z, Fernández-Domínguez B, Ferrari A, Finocchiaro P, Furman V, Göbel K, Gawlik A, Gilardoni S, Gonçalves IF, González-Romero E, Guerrero C, Heinitz S, Heyse J, Jenkins DG, Junghans A, Käppeler F, Kadi Y, Kimura A, Knapova I, Kokkoris M, Kopatch Y, Kurtulgil D, Ladarescu I, Lederer-Woods C, Lonsdale SJ, Macina D, Manna A, Martínez T, Masi A, Massimi C, Mastinu P, Mastromarco M, Maugeri EA, Mazzone A, Mendoza E, Mengoni A, Michalopoulou V, Milazzo PM, Mingrone F, Musumarra A, Negret A, Ogállar F, Oprea A, Patronis N, Pavlik A, Perkowski J, Persanti L, Petrone C, Pirovano E, Porras I, Praena J, Quesada JM, Ramos-Doval D, Rauscher T, Reifarth R, Rochman D, Sabaté-Gilarte M, Saxena A, Schillebeeckx P, Schumann D, Sekhar A, Simone S, Smith AG, Sosnin NV, Sprung P, Stamatopoulos A, Tagliente G, Tain JL, Tarifeño-Saldivia A, Tassan-Got L, Tsinganis A, Ulrich J, Urlass S, Vannini G, Variale V, Vaz P, Ventura A, Vescovi D, Vlachoudis V, Vlastou R, Wallner A, Woods PJ, Wright T, Žugec P. Study of the photon strength functions and level density in the gamma decay of the n + 234U reaction. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate calculations of neutron-induced reaction cross sections are relevant for many nuclear applications. The photon strength functions and nuclear level densities are essential inputs for such calculations. These quantities for 235U are studied using the measurement of the gamma de-excitation cascades in radiative capture on 234U with the Total Absorption Calorimeter at n_TOF at CERN. This segmented 4π gamma calorimeter is designed to detect gamma rays emitted from the nucleus with high efficiency. This experiment provides information on gamma multiplicity and gamma spectra that can be compared with numerical simulations. The code DICEBOXC is used to simulate the gamma cascades while GEANT4 is used for the simulation of the interaction of these gammas with the TAC materials. Available models and their parameters are being tested using the present data. Some preliminary results of this ongoing study are presented and discussed.
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Alcayne V, Kimura A, Mendoza E, Cano-Ott D, Martínez T, Aberle O, Andrzejewski J, Audouin L, Bécares V, Bacak M, Barbagallo M, Becčvář F, Bellia G, Berthoumieux E, Billowes J, Bosnar D, Brown A, Busso M, Caamaño M, Caballero-Ontanaya L, Calviño F, Calviani M, Casanovas A, Cerutti F, Chen YH, Chiaveri E, Colonna N, Cortés G, Cortés-Giraldo MA, Cosentino L, Cristallo S, Damone LA, Diakaki M, Dietz M, Domingo-Pardo C, Dressler R, Dupont E, Durán I, Eleme Z, Fernández-Domínguez B, Ferrari A, Finocchiaro P, Furman V, Göbel K, Gawlik A, Gilardoni S, Glodariu T, Gonçalves IF, González-Romero E, Guerrero C, Gunsing F, Harada H, Heinitz S, Heyse J, Jenkins DG, Käppeler F, Kadi Y, Katabuchi T, Kivel N, Knapova I, Kokkoris M, Kopatch Y, Krtička M, Kurtulgil D, Ladarescu I, Lederer-Woods C, Lerendegui-Marco J, Meo SL, Lonsdale SJ, Macina D, Manna A, Masi A, Massimi C, Mastinu P, Mastromarco M, Matteucci F, Maugeri EA, Mazzone A, Mengoni A, Michalopoulou V, Milazzo PM, Mingrone F, Musumarra A, Negret A, Nolte R, Ogállar F, Oprea A, Patronis N, Pavlik A, Perkowski J, Persanti L, Porras I, Praena J, Quesada JM, Radeck D, Ramos-Doval D, Rauscher T, Reifarth R, Rochman D, Sabaté-Gilarte M, Saxena A, Schillebeeckx P, Schumann D, Simone S, Smith AG, Sosnin NV, Stamatopoulos A, Tagliente G, Tain JL, Talip T, Tarifeño-Saldivia A, Tassan-Got L, Tsinganis A, Ulrich J, Urlass S, Valenta S, Vannini G, Variale V, Vaz P, Ventura A, Vescovi D, Vlachoudis V, Vlastou R, Wallner A, Woods PJ, Wright T, Žugec P. Measurement of the 244Cm and 246Cm neutron-induced capture cross sections at the n_TOF facility. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutron capture reactions of the 244Cm and 246Cm isotopes open the path for the formation of heavier Cm isotopes and heavier elements such as Bk and Cf in a nuclear reactor. In addition, both isotopes belong to the minor actinides with a large contribution to the decay heat and to the neutron emission in irradiated fuels. There are only two previous 244Cm and 246Cm capture cross section measurements: one in 1969 using a nuclear explosion [1] and the most recent data measured at J-PARC in 2010 [2]. The data for both isotopes are very scarce due to the difficulties in performing the measurements: high intrinsic activity of the samples and limited facilities capable of providing isotopically enriched samples.
We have measured both neutron capture cross sections at the n_TOF Experimental Area 2 (EAR-2) with three C6 D6 detectors and also at Area 1 (EAR-1) with the TAC. Preliminary results assessing the quality and limitations (back-ground subtraction, measurement technique and counting statistics) of this new experimental datasets are presented and discussed.
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Rowan H, Lee M, Brown A. Differences in dietary composition between infants introduced to complementary foods using Baby-led weaning and traditional spoon feeding. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 32:11-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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McGlashan J, Hayward J, Brown A, Owen B, Millar L, Johnstone M, Creighton D, Allender S. Comparing complex perspectives on obesity drivers: action-driven communities and evidence-oriented experts. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:575-581. [PMID: 30574350 PMCID: PMC6298210 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Foresight obesity map represents an expert-developed systems map describing the complex drivers of obesity. Recently, community-led causal loop diagrams have been developed to support community-based obesity prevention interventions. This paper presents a quantitative comparison between the Foresight obesity systems map and a community-developed map of the drivers of obesity. METHODS Variables from a community-developed map were coded against the thematic clusters defined in the Foresight map to allow comparison of their sizes and strength of adjoining causal relationships. Central variables were identified using techniques from network analysis. These properties were compared to understand the similarities and differences between the systems as defined by the two groups. RESULTS The community map focused on environmental influences, such as built physical activity environment (18% of variables) and social psychology (38%). The Foresight map's largest cluster was physiology (23%), a minimal focus in the community map (2%). Network analysis highlighted media and available time within both maps, but variables related to school and sporting club environments were unique to the community map. CONCLUSION Community stakeholders focus on modifiable social and environmental drivers of obesity. Capturing local perspectives is critical when using systems maps to guide community-based obesity prevention.
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