126
|
Morrison C. The same, only different. Postdoctoral experience in Japan: an alternative worth considering. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:265-6. [PMID: 11306541 PMCID: PMC1083875 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
127
|
Abstract
The light microscopic histopathology and cytopathology of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its variants is amply depicted in reviews, books, and book chapters. One of the changes in PTC, however, that is infrequently discussed or illustrated in the literature is that of mucinous metaplasia. In the aspiration cytopathology literature, we are aware of only a rare report of PTC exhibiting extensive mucinous metaplasia. We present an example correlating the histopathology and fine needle aspiration cytopathology of a PTC that had metastasized on several separate occasions to cervical lymph nodes, and in the process demonstrated mucinous transformation. Without a prior history of PTC, the aspirate smears and tissue sections could have been mistaken easily for metastatic clear cell carcinoma of non-thyroidal origin. Mucinous metaplasia represents an extremely uncommon, but nonetheless potential, pitfall in the aspiration cytopathology and histopathology of metastatic PTC.
Collapse
|
128
|
Morrison C. Nasdaq restructures biotech index. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19:187. [PMID: 11231518 DOI: 10.1038/85565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
129
|
Morrison C. Helping patients (and their doctor) survive retirement. MEDICAL ECONOMICS 2001; 78:100-1. [PMID: 11218937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
130
|
Nuovo GJ, Morrison C, Porcu P, Caligiuri MA, Suster S. In situ determination of T-cell receptor beta expression patterns. J Histochem Cytochem 2001; 49:139-45. [PMID: 11156682 DOI: 10.1177/002215540104900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A definitive diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma may be contingent on the rearrangement profile of the T-cell receptor. This is most accurately done by molecular analysis of the beta-chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR beta) by Southern blotting hybridization that requires unfixed tissue. We describe a reverse transcriptase in situ PCR (RT in situ PCR) method that permits the target-specific direct incorporation of the reporter nucleotide into the different transcripts that comprise the TCR beta, using paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue. Each of the 25 possible V beta segment rearrangements was documented in three lymph nodes with nonspecific lymphadenitis, with clonal expansion evident in a case of metastatic melanoma. Monoclonal expression was documented in seven tissues diagnostic of a T-cell lymphoma. We analyzed five additional tissues for which a definitive diagnosis of T-cell vs B-cell lymphoma could not be rendered on the basis of histological, immunohistological, and flow cytometric analysis. RT in situ PCR for TCR beta expression with CD3 co-labeling demonstrated which of these lesions was a B-cell-rich T-cell lymphoma. We conclude that the RT in situ PCR methodology will allow the routine determination of monoclonal vs multiclonal expression patterns of the TCR beta using archival paraffin-embedded tissues.(J Histochem Cytochem 49:139-145, 2001)
Collapse
|
131
|
Abstract
A case of synovial sarcoma of the paraspinal region showing massive cystic changes is described. The tumor presented in a 53-year-old white woman who noticed a lump on the upper aspect of her back. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed a heterogeneous paraspinal mass with well-defined margins and a multilocular quality with foci of hemorrhage. Fine needle aspiration of the mass showed clusters of polygonal cells admixed with a scattered spindle cell component. Surgical excision of the mass showed a well-circumscribed but nonencapsulated tumor that showed multiple small cystic structures on cross-section. Histologic examination showed a biphasic neoplasm characterized by bland-appearing glandular elements embedded in a moderately cellular spindle cell stroma. The tumor contained multiple cysts of varying size. Immunohistochemical studies showed the glandular component to be positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. The spindle cell component was immunoreactive for cytokeratin, vimentin, bcl-2, and CD99. Stains for muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, and CD34 were negative. Cytogenetic analysis showed a balanced reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes X and 18, in addition to other clonal abnormalities. Synovial sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions involving the soft tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the procedure of choice for the evaluation of soft tissue tumors because of its superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging capability. While the imaging features of soft tissue tumors are often nonspecific, magnetic resonance imaging may provide helpful clues, thus narrowing the differential diagnosis. Immunohistochemical studies and cytogenetic analysis may be very helpful for establishing the correct diagnosis in cases with this unusual presentation. Ann Diagn Pathol 5:48-56, 2001.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy, Needle
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Cysts/chemistry
- Cysts/genetics
- Cysts/pathology
- Cysts/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Karyotyping
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Sarcoma, Synovial/chemistry
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/surgery
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/chemistry
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- X Chromosome
Collapse
|
132
|
Morrison C, Gilson T, Nuovo GJ. Histologic distribution of fatal rotaviral infection: an immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction analysis. Hum Pathol 2001; 32:216-21. [PMID: 11230709 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2001.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviral infection is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in young children. Although rotavirus infection has a high morbidity and mortality rate in animals, in most cases in the United States the disease appears to be self-limited in humans. We report on 2 cases of fatal rotaviral infection in a 1 year old and a 4 year old. In each case, the illness showed a rapid systemic course dominated by cardiac and central nervous system involvement; in one case, rotaviral infection was documented by stool culture. Viral RNA was localized by reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction to the mucosal cells of the small and large intestine and to many other tissues, including the heart and central nervous system, where it was noted in the endothelial cells of the microvasculature. Immunohistochemical analysis for the virus showed an identical histologic distribution in the intestinal epithelial cells and the systemic microvasculature. It is concluded that rotaviral infection can lead to a fatal disseminated infection in humans and the mechanism of this complication is based on a diffuse endothelialitis and concomitant tissue damage.
Collapse
|
133
|
Sonoda E, Morrison C, Yamashita YM, Takata M, Takeda S. Reverse genetic studies of homologous DNA recombination using the chicken B-lymphocyte line, DT40. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001; 356:111-7. [PMID: 11205323 PMCID: PMC1087698 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DT40 is an avian leucosis virus-transformed chicken B-lymphocyte line which exhibits high ratios of targeted to random integration of transfected DNA constructs. This efficient targeted integration may be related to the ongoing diversification of the variable segment of the immunoglobulin gene through homologous DNA recombination-controlled gene conversion. DT40s are a convenient model system for making gene-targeted mutants. Another advantage is the relative tractability of these cells, which makes it possible to disrupt multiple genes in a single cell and to generate conditionally gene-targeted mutants including temperature-sensitive mutants. There are strong phenotypic similarities between murine and DT40 mutants of various genes involved in DNA recombination. These similarities confirm that the DT40 cell line is a reasonable model for the analysis of vertebrate DNA recombination, despite obvious concerns associated with the use of a transformed cell line, which may have certain cell-line-specific characteristics. Here we describe our studies of homologous DNA recombination in vertebrate somatic cells using reverse genetics in DT40 cells.
Collapse
|
134
|
Chen R, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Bolton-Smith C, Hannah MK, Morrison C. Association of dietary antioxidants and waist circumference with pulmonary function and airway obstruction. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153:157-63. [PMID: 11159161 DOI: 10.1093/aje/153.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants, waist circumference, and pulmonary function were measured in the Fourth Scottish MONICA cross-sectional survey of 865 men and 971 women aged 25-64 years. Waist circumference was inversely related to forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), even after adjustment for age, height, weight, working status, energy intake, and smoking variables in a multiple linear regression model (men: beta = -0.017 for FEV1 l/cm, p < 0.01 and beta = -0.008 for FVC, p = 0.04; women: beta = -0.009 for FEV1, p < 0.01 and beta = -0.007 for FVC, p = 0.01). After additional adjustment for waist circumference, estimated vitamin C and beta-carotene intakes were positively associated with lung function in men (vitamin C: beta = 0.102 for FEV1 l/mg/day, p = 0.03; beta-carotene: beta = 0.073 for FVC l/g/day, p = 0.02). Retinol and vitamin E were not significantly related to lung function for either sex. A case-control study of airway obstruction showed that waist circumference was significantly associated, while vitamin C could be protective. The study suggests that adequate intake of antioxidants and avoidance of increasing girth could help to preserve lung function.
Collapse
|
135
|
Donger C, Georges JL, Nicaud V, Morrison C, Evans A, Kee F, Arveiler D, Tiret L, Cambien F. New polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 gene--relationships to myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:9-14. [PMID: 11168433 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory and B-cell-stimulating activity. IL-10 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and recent studies have shown the involvement of IL-10 in the atherosclerotic process. Therefore, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene might be associated with a predisposition to coronary heart disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify new polymorphisms in the human IL-10 gene, the entire coding sequence and the 3' flanking sequence of the gene were screened by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCR) followed by sequencing. The polymorphisms identified, and three others which have been previously described in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene (G-1082A, C-819T, C-592A), were then investigated in the ECTIM Study, a large population-based case-control study of myocardial infarction. RESULTS Four new polymorphisms were identified: one in exon 1 (G+78/ex1A), which predicts a Glycine to Arginine change at position 15 in the putative signal peptide of the protein, two in the intron 3 (C+19/in3T, T+953/in3C) and one in the 3' flanking region (C+117T). All the IL-10 polymorphisms were in complete or nearly complete pairwise linkage disequilibrium. No case-control difference was found in genotype or allele frequencies for any of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IL-10 polymorphisms are not associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
|
136
|
Morrison C. FDA gene rules impractical. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19:5. [PMID: 11135515 DOI: 10.1038/83522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
137
|
Overall CM, Tam E, McQuibban GA, Morrison C, Wallon UM, Bigg HF, King AE, Roberts CR. Domain interactions in the gelatinase A.TIMP-2.MT1-MMP activation complex. The ectodomain of the 44-kDa form of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase does not modulate gelatinase A activation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:39497-506. [PMID: 10991943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005932200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On the cell surface, the 59-kDa membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) activates the 72-kDa progelatinase A (MMP-2) after binding the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2. A 44-kDa remnant of MT1-MMP, with an N terminus at Gly(285), is also present on the cell after autolytic shedding of the catalytic domain from the hemopexin carboxyl (C) domain, but its role in gelatinase A activation is unknown. We investigated intermolecular interactions in the gelatinase A activation complex using recombinant proteins, domains, and peptides, yeast two-hybrid analysis, solid- and solution-phase assays, cell culture, and immunocytochemistry. A strong interaction between the TIMP-2 C domain (Glu(153)-Pro(221)) and the gelatinase A hemopexin C domain (Gly(446)-Cys(660)) was demonstrated by the yeast two-hybrid system. Epitope masking studies showed that the anionic TIMP-2 C tail lost immunoreactivity after binding, indicating that the tail was buried in the complex. Using recombinant MT1-MMP hemopexin C domain (Gly(285)-Cys(508)), no direct role for the 44-kDa form of MT1-MMP in cell surface activation of progelatinase A was found. Exogenous hemopexin C domain of gelatinase A, but not that of MT1-MMP, blocked the cleavage of the 68-kDa gelatinase A activation intermediate to the fully active 66-kDa enzyme by concanavalin A-stimulated cells. The MT1-MMP hemopexin C domain did not form homodimers nor did it bind the gelatinase A hemopexin C domain, the C tail of TIMP-2, or full-length TIMP-2. Hence, the ectodomain of the remnant 44-kDa form of MT1-MMP appears to play little if any role in the activation of gelatinase A favoring the hypothesis that it accumulates on the cell surface as an inactive, stable degradation product.
Collapse
|
138
|
Kee F, Morrison C, Poirier O, McCrum E, Mallet C, Nicaud V, McMaster D, Dallongeville J, Fruchart JC, Evans AE. Angiotensin II type-I receptor and ACE polymorphisms and risk of myocardial infarction in men and women. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30:1076-82. [PMID: 11122322 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings relating an association between an insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and myocardial infarction (MI) have been mixed. While other loci, such as the angiotensin II type-I receptor (AT1R), may modulate risk, few studies have adequately documented the risk in women. We aimed to study whether the findings in respect of ACE and AT1R in UK men were borne out in women. METHODS Cases of MI (305 women, 391 men) in Belfast and Glasgow have been compared to controls (291 women, 356 men). These new samples augment the original men (200 cases, 181 controls) included from Belfast in the ECTIM study. RESULTS Among men, the odds ratio for MI for ACE (DD vs. ID + II) was 1.03 (0.79, 1.34) and among women, 0.69 (0.47, 1.01). This heterogeneity between the risks in men and women was significant in Glasgow (P = 0.02). Among men and women the odds ratio for MI for AT1R (CC vs. AC + AA) was 1.02 (0.71, 1.47). There was a small gradient in risk, such that the odds ratio for DD genotype was 0.86 (0.63, 1.17) among subjects homozygous for the common AT1R allele (AA): 0.94 (0.67, 1.30) among heterozygotes and 1.21 (0.53, 2.77) among CC subjects; but this interaction was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Some of the contradictory findings concerning the ACE polymorphism and the risk of MI may be due to heterogeneity in the risk between men and women. The AT1R1196 polymorphism is not an independent risk factor for MI in either sex.
Collapse
|
139
|
Abstract
Stress fractures may be fatigue or insufficiency related. Fatigue stress fractures result when healthy bones are exposed to intense and/or repetitive loads for which the bone is not prepared. Insufficiency stress fractures result from normal loads to bones weakened by genetic, metabolic, nutritional, or endocrine processes. Fracture usually begins as a small cortical infarction that progresses as stress increases or continues. Pain is the hallmark symptom of both types. When confronted with signs and symptoms consistent with stress fractures, providers must consider risk factors, comorbid conditions, and whether or not the mechanism of the injury is consistent with the clinical picture. Though the two types of stress fractures are treated differently, in both, the prognoses are dependent on early identification and intervention.
Collapse
|
140
|
Kee F, Morrison C, Evans AE, McCrum E, McMaster D, Dallongeville J, Nicaud V, Poirier O, Cambien F. Polymorphisms of the P-selectin gene and risk of myocardial infarction in men and women in the ECTIM extension study. Etude cas-temoin de l'infarctus myocarde. Heart 2000; 84:548-52. [PMID: 11040019 PMCID: PMC1729474 DOI: 10.1136/heart.84.5.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies in animal models and humans implicate cell adhesion molecules in atherogenesis but their role in mediating the risk of myocardial infarction is unclear. The ECTIM (étude cas-temoin de l'infarctus myocarde) extension study was established to determine whether a previously implicated polymorphism of the P-selectin gene was associated with myocardial infarction risk in men and women in Belfast and Glasgow. PATIENTS AND STUDY SETTING: 696 cases with a recent myocardial infarction and 561 age matched controls (both male and female) were recruited into a case-control study in MONICA project areas of Belfast and Glasgow. METHODS Demographic and lifestyle information was collected by interview administered questionnaire, and each subject was examined and provided a blood sample for DNA extraction. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify regions encompassing the P-selectin Thr-->Pro (A/C) polymorphism at position 715. Genotype odds ratios for myocardial infarction were estimated by logistic regression adjusted for population, age, and sex. RESULTS There was no significant association between conventional risk factors (such as hypercholesterolaemia, increased body mass index, or raised blood pressure) and either the rare or the common Pro(715) allele of the P-selectin gene in controls. Overall, comparing Pro(715)/Pro(715) and Pro(715)/Thr(715) with Thr(715)/Thr(715), with adjustment for centre, age, and sex, the odds ratio was 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 1.00) (p = 0.054), indicating a "protective" effect of the less common Pro(715) allele. There was no significant heterogeneity in odds ratios between men and women either in this sample or when combined with the original ECTIM subjects. CONCLUSIONS In a large population based study in two regions of the UK, we have been able to corroborate the earlier ECTIM findings of a lower frequency of the Thr/Pro(715) polymorphism in subjects with myocardial infarction. An apparently "protective effect" of similar magnitude also seems to apply to women.
Collapse
|
141
|
Morrison C, Thornhill J, Gaffney E. The connective tissue framework in the normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer: analysis by scanning electron microscopy after cellular digestion. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 2000; 28:304-7. [PMID: 11127707 DOI: 10.1007/s002400000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to determine if a cellular digestion process can facilitate examination of the morphology of the connective tissue framework of the prostate, and (2) to examine the connective tissue framework in normal prostate tissue, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. Ten prostate glands were examined. Using the Ohtani method of digestion, the cellular elements were removed. This enabled scanning electron microscopy analysis of the connective tissue framework within the prostatic tissue. Light microscopy of tissue blocks determined the histology of specimens. The prostate is supported by a highly structured network of collagen fibres. This network of fibres varies in normal and diseased states. In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the collagen network is dense, with an increased number of fibres. In prostatic adenocarcinoma, there is non-uniform swelling with a loss and disintegration of collagen fibres. In conclusion, sodium hydroxide cellular digestion provides an excellent method for demonstrating the connective tissue framework of prostatic tissue. The morphological changes in collagen fibres in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma have implications for prostate growth in normal and diseased states.
Collapse
|
142
|
Takata M, Sasaki MS, Sonoda E, Fukushima T, Morrison C, Albala JS, Swagemakers SM, Kanaar R, Thompson LH, Takeda S. The Rad51 paralog Rad51B promotes homologous recombinational repair. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:6476-82. [PMID: 10938124 PMCID: PMC86122 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.17.6476-6482.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 protein plays a central role in both mitotic and meiotic homologous DNA recombination. Seven members of the Rad51 family have been identified in vertebrate cells, including Rad51, Dmc1, and five Rad51-related proteins referred to as Rad51 paralogs, which share 20 to 30% sequence identity with Rad51. In chicken B lymphocyte DT40 cells, we generated a mutant with RAD51B/RAD51L1, a member of the Rad51 family, knocked out. RAD51B(-/-) cells are viable, although spontaneous chromosomal aberrations kill about 20% of the cells in each cell cycle. Rad51B deficiency impairs homologous recombinational repair (HRR), as measured by targeted integration, sister chromatid exchange, and intragenic recombination at the immunoglobulin locus. RAD51B(-/-) cells are quite sensitive to the cross-linking agents cisplatin and mitomycin C and mildly sensitive to gamma-rays. The formation of damage-induced Rad51 nuclear foci is much reduced in RAD51B(-/-) cells, suggesting that Rad51B promotes the assembly of Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments during HRR. These findings show that Rad51B is important for repairing various types of DNA lesions and maintaining chromosome integrity.
Collapse
|
143
|
Richards H, McConnachie A, Morrison C, Murray K, Watt G. Social and gender variation in the prevalence, presentation and general practitioner provisional diagnosis of chest pain. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54:714-8. [PMID: 10942455 PMCID: PMC1731754 DOI: 10.1136/jech.54.9.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of Rose angina and non-exertional chest pain in men and women in socioeconomically contrasting areas; to describe the proportions of men and women who present with the symptom of chest pain and who receive a provisional general practitioner diagnosis of coronary heart disease; to assess the effects of gender and deprivation. DESIGN Two random general population samples in socially contrasting areas were surveyed using the Rose angina questionnaire: the case notes of people identified with chest pain were reviewed. SETTING Glasgow conurbation. PARTICIPANTS 1107 men and women, aged 45-64, with chest pain. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of Rose angina and non-exertional chest pain; the proportions who had presented with chest pain and received a general practitioner's provisional diagnosis of coronary heart disease. RESULTS There was no difference between social groups in the prevalence of all chest pain but a greater proportion of those in deprived groups had Rose angina and a greater proportion of these had the more severe grade. The proportion of people who had presented with chest pain was higher among socioeconomically deprived groups but there was no difference in the proportions receiving a general practitioner provisional diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Men were more likely to present with chest pain than women and were more likely to receive a provisional general practitioner diagnosis of coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found of social differences in patient presentation or general practitioner diagnosis that might explain reported variations in uptake of cardiology services. In contrast, gender variation may originate in part from differences in patient presentation and general practitioner diagnosis. Further investigation of socioeconomic variations in uptake of cardiology services should focus later in the care pathway, on general practitioner referral patterns and clinical decisions taken in secondary care.
Collapse
|
144
|
Morrison C. Helping patients to maintain a healthy fluid balance. NURSING TIMES 2000; 96:3-4. [PMID: 11963702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
145
|
Morrison C, Takeda S. Genetic analysis of homologous DNA recombination in vertebrate somatic cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2000; 32:817-31. [PMID: 10940640 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(00)00033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic stability and the ability to repair induced DNA damage in vertebrate cells require homologues of the yeast RAD52 epistasis group genes. The homologous recombination carried out by the products of these genes is essential and appears to be closely linked to DNA replication. Defects in recombination and associated activities are implicated in human cancer. This review summarises recent biochemical and genetic findings on the roles played by the vertebrate RAD52 group gene products in recombination. We describe the phenotypic analysis of genetically engineered mammalian and chicken mutants of homologous recombination genes.
Collapse
|
146
|
di Rocco A, Bottiglieri T, Dorfman D, Werner P, Morrison C, Simpson D. Decreased homovanilic acid in cerebrospinal fluid correlates with impaired neuropsychologic function in HIV-1-infected patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 2000; 23:190-4. [PMID: 11020122 DOI: 10.1097/00002826-200007000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether dopamine metabolism is abnormal in HIV infected patients and whether dopamine metabolism abnormalities are related to specific neuropsychologic characteristics in HIV-infected patients, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of homovanilic acid (HVA), the primary dopamine metabolite, in 10 HIV-infected patients and compared it to HVA levels in CSF in a group of 13 healthy control subjects. HIV-infected patients were also assessed with a battery of neuropsychologic tests and HVA levels were then correlated with performance on specific neuropsychologic tests. The mean (+/-SD) HVA level in CSF was 100.9 +/- 29.3 nmol/L in the HIV-infected study group and 230.5 +/- 50.0 nmol/L in the non-HIV-infected control group (p < 0.0001). The decrease in concentrations of HVA in CSF correlated with impairment on performance on neuropsychologic testing (Spearman r = 0.67; p = 0.03). When the relationship between HVA levels and specific cognitive domains was evaluated, we observed trends for positive correlation between HVA levels and tests that measure motor speed (r = 0.59; p = 0.074) and those testing attention, concentration, and executive control (r = 0.54; p = 0.108). There was no relationship between performance on memory tests and CSF HVA levels (r = -0.0061; p = 0.987). These results further support the hypothesis that dopaminergic dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia complex (ADC) and suggest that specific motor and cognitive abnormalities may be related to depressed dopaminergic activity. This may have important implications for the development of treatments or preventive strategies for ADC.
Collapse
|
147
|
Flinn IW, Byrd JC, Morrison C, Jamison J, Diehl LF, Murphy T, Piantadosi S, Seifter E, Ambinder RF, Vogelsang G, Grever MR. Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim support in patients with previously untreated indolent lymphoid malignancies. Blood 2000; 96:71-5. [PMID: 10891432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the response rate and potential toxicities, a phase II trial was conducted of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim support in patients with previously untreated low-grade and select intermediate-grade lymphoid malignancies. Symptomatic patients with preserved end organ function received cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2) intravenous (iv) day 1 and fludarabine 20 mg/m(2) iv days1 through 5, followed by filgrastim 5 microg/kg subcutaneous starting approximately day 8. Treatment was repeated every 28 days until maximum response or a maximum of 6 cycles. Sixty patients, median age 53.5 years, were enrolled. Thirty-seven patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were stage IV and 6 were stage III. Eleven of 17 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were Rai intermediate risk and 6 were high risk. The overall complete response (CR) rate was 51% and the partial response (PR) rate was 41%. Of patients with CLL, 47% achieved a CR and the remaining 53% achieved a PR. Of patients with follicular lymphoma, 60% achieved CR and 32% achieved a PR. Although the toxicity of this regimen was mainly hematologic, significant nonhematologic toxicities, including infections, were seen. Twenty-four patients subsequently received an autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant. Engraftment was rapid, and there were no noticeable procedure toxicities in the immediate posttransplant period attributable to the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide regimen. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and filgrastim make up a highly active and well-tolerated regimen in CLL and NHL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Filgrastim
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/therapy
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Recombinant Proteins
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Vidarabine/administration & dosage
- Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives
Collapse
|
148
|
Morrison C, Gordon S, Yeo TP. Hodgkin's disease in primary care. Nurse Pract 2000; 25:44, 47-50, 56 passim. [PMID: 10916829 DOI: 10.1097/00006205-200025070-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin's disease is a common hematologic malignancy in young adults. The typical patient is a young adult male presenting with painless cervical adenopathy or a mediastinal mass on chest X-ray. If diagnosed early and aggressively treated, long-term survival rates are excellent. The subtypes of Hodgkin's disease are differentiated by pathologic examination of an affected lymph node. Chemotherapy, with or without adjuvant radiation, is the favored therapeutic regimen for most patients. A comprehensive approach to care, which incorporates psychosocial implications, can improve quality of life for Hodgkin's disease patients.
Collapse
|
149
|
Wrieden WL, Hannah MK, Bolton-Smith C, Tavendale R, Morrison C, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Plasma vitamin C and food choice in the third Glasgow MONICA population survey. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54:355-60. [PMID: 10814656 PMCID: PMC1731679 DOI: 10.1136/jech.54.5.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of different foods to the estimated intakes of vitamin C among those differing in plasma vitamin C levels, and thereby inform dietary strategies for correcting possible deficiency. DESIGN Cross sectional random population survey. SETTING North Glasgow, Scotland, 1992. PARTICIPANTS 632 men and 635 women, aged 25 to 74 years, not taking vitamin supplements, who participated in the third MONICA study (population survey monitoring trends and determinants of cardiovascular disease). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Dietary and sociodemographic information was collected using a food frequency and lifestyle questionnaire. Plasma vitamin C was measured in non-fasted venous blood samples and subjects categorised by cut points of 11.4 and 22.7 micromol/l as being of low, marginal or optimal vitamin C status. Food sources of dietary vitamin C were identified for subjects in these categories. Plasma vitamin C concentrations were compared among groups classified according to intake of key foods. More men (26%) than women (14%) were in the low category for vitamin C status; as were a higher percentage of smokers and of those in the older age groups. Intake of vitamin C from potatoes and chips (fried potatoes) was uniform across categories; while the determinants of optimal versus low status were the intakes of citrus fruit, non-citrus fruit and fruit juice. Optimal status was achieved by a combined frequency of fruit, vegetables and/or fruit juice of three times a day or more except in older male smokers where a frequency greater than this was required even to reach a marginal plasma vitamin C level. CONCLUSION Fruit, vegetables and/or fruit juice three or more times a day increases plasma vitamin C concentrations above the threshold for risk of deficiency.
Collapse
|
150
|
Korner-Bitensky NA, Mazer BL, Sofer S, Gelina I, Meyer MB, Morrison C, Tritch L, Roelke MA, White M. Visual testing for readiness to drive after stroke: a multicenter study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 79:253-9. [PMID: 10821311 DOI: 10.1097/00002060-200005000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a visual-perception assessment tool, the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, to predict on-road driving outcome in subjects with stroke. DESIGN This was a retrospective study of 269 individuals with stroke who completed visual-perception testing and an on-road driving evaluation. Driving evaluators from six evaluation sites in Canada and the United States participated. Visual-perception was assessed using the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test. Scores range from 0 to 36, with a higher score indicating better visual perception. A structured on-road driving evaluation was performed to determine fitness to drive. Based on driving behaviors, a pass or fail outcome was determined by the examiner. RESULTS The results indicated that, using a score on the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test of < or =30 to indicate poor visual-perception and >30 to indicate good visual perception, the positive predictive value of the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test in identifying those who would fail the on-road test was 60.9% (n = 67/110). The corresponding negative predictive value was 64.2% (n = 102/159). Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that older age, low Motor-Free Visual Perception Test scores and a right hemisphere lesion contributed significantly to identifying those who failed the on-road test. CONCLUSIONS The predictive validity of the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test is not sufficiently high to warrant its use as the sole screening tool in identifying those who are unfit to undergo an on-road evaluation.
Collapse
|