126
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Bobaly B, D'Atri V, Goyon A, Colas O, Beck A, Fekete S, Guillarme D. Protocols for the analytical characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. II - Enzymatic and chemical sample preparation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:325-335. [PMID: 28666223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The analytical characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and related proteins usually incorporates various sample preparation methodologies. Indeed, quantitative and qualitative information can be enhanced by simplifying the sample, thanks to the removal of sources of heterogeneity (e.g. N-glycans) and/or by decreasing the molecular size of the tested protein by enzymatic or chemical fragmentation. These approaches make the sample more suitable for chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. Structural elucidation and quality control (QC) analysis of biopharmaceutics are usually performed at intact, subunit and peptide levels. In this paper, general sample preparation approaches used to attain peptide, subunit and glycan level analysis are overviewed. Protocols are described to perform tryptic proteolysis, IdeS and papain digestion, reduction as well as deglycosylation by PNGase F and EndoS2 enzymes. Both historical and modern sample preparation methods were compared and evaluated using rituximab and trastuzumab, two reference therapeutic mAb products approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). The described protocols may help analysts to develop sample preparation methods in the field of therapeutic protein analysis.
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127
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Wagner-Rousset E, Fekete S, Morel-Chevillet L, Colas O, Corvaïa N, Cianférani S, Guillarme D, Beck A. Development of a fast workflow to screen the charge variants of therapeutic antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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128
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Dispas A, Desfontaine V, Andri B, Lebrun P, Kotoni D, Clarke A, Guillarme D, Hubert P. Quantitative determination of salbutamol sulfate impurities using achiral supercritical fluid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 134:170-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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129
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D’Atri V, Fekete S, Beck A, Lauber M, Guillarme D. Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Hyphenated with Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Analytical Tool for the Comparison of Originator and Biosimilar Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies at the Middle-up Level of Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2086-2092. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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130
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Guichard N, Guillarme D, Bonnabry P, Fleury-Souverain S. Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review. Analyst 2017; 142:2273-2321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.
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131
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Goyon A, Beck A, Colas O, Sandra K, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Evaluation of size exclusion chromatography columns packed with sub-3μm particles for the analysis of biopharmaceutical proteins. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1498:80-89. [PMID: 27914608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the practical possibilities and limitations of several recently introduced size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) columns of 150×4.6mm, sub-3μm (Agilent AdvanceBioSEC 2.7μm, Tosoh TSKgel UP-SW3000 2.0μm, Phenomenex Yarra SEC X-150 1.8μm and Waters Acquity BEH200 1.7μm) for the separation of biopharmaceutical proteins. For this purpose, some model proteins were tested, as well as several commercial therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs). Calibration curves were drawn to highlight the applicability of these new SEC columns for the separation of mAbs, ADCs and their aggregates, despite some differences in their nominal pore diameter (vary from 150 to 300Å). The kinetic performance (van Deemter curves and kinetic pots) was evaluated. Columns packed with 1.7-2.0μm particles improved the plate count by a factor of 1.5-2 compared to 2.7μm particles, which is in agreement with theoretical expectations. Finally, possible secondary hydrophobic and/or electrostatic interactions between the SEC stationary phases and biopharmaceutical proteins were systematically studied. Significant differences in nonspecific interactions were observed, with hydrophobic interactions generally exerting more influence than electrostatic interactions. The use of a novel bond chemistry with the AdvanceBioSEC column was found highly effective to limit non-specific interactions and pave the way to further improvements for column provider. At the end, the average resolutions achieved on the four sub-3μm SEC columns between monomer and dimer structures were comparable for ten approved mAbs products.
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132
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Rodriguez-Aller M, Cusumano A, Alain B, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Importance of vial shape and type on the reproducibility of size exclusion chromatography measurement of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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133
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Sarrut M, Fekete S, Janin-Bussat MC, Colas O, Guillarme D, Beck A, Heinisch S. Analysis of antibody-drug conjugates by comprehensive on-line two-dimensional hydrophobic interaction chromatography x reversed phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry. II- Identification of sub-units for the characterization of even and odd load drug species. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:91-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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134
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Sarrut M, Corgier A, Fekete S, Guillarme D, Lascoux D, Janin-Bussat MC, Beck A, Heinisch S. Analysis of antibody-drug conjugates by comprehensive on-line two-dimensional hydrophobic interaction chromatography x reversed phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry. I − Optimization of separation conditions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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135
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Goyon A, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Comprehensive study on the effects of sodium and potassium additives in size exclusion chromatographic separations of protein biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 144:242-251. [PMID: 27697310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To separate proteins solely based on their difference in hydrodynamic volume in size exclusion chromatography (SEC), the ionic strength of the mobile phase has to be increased in order to avoid secondary ionic interactions between proteins and the stationary phase. However, adding salts to the mobile phase can have a serious effect on protein aggregation and can lead to artifacts. In the present study, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), trastuzumab emtansine were selected to study the effect of mobile phase salt additive on aggregation measurements. In a first instance, the same aggregation ratios between the dimeric and monomeric forms of ten mAbs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA) were obtained with three UHP-SEC columns. However, SEC analysis using various amounts of NaCl provided surprising results for rituximab, e.g. presence of 0.8% aggregates with a mobile phase containing 0.2M NaCl, while no aggregates were observed without NaCl in the mobile phase. Despite the absence of monomeric protein adsorption at the surface of the SEC resin, the comparison of sodium- and potassium-based salts demonstrated the superiority of potassium-based salts to reduce possible secondary electrostatic interactions, mainly between protein dimers and the SEC support as well as to lower protein-salts interaction. To investigate the effect of mobile phase salt additives on SEC measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy provided insights related to the possible contribution of protein tertiary structure. Indeed, biopharmaceuticals could be classified depending on the exposure of their tryptophan residues to the solvent in order to understand their propensity to interact with the stationary phase or/and to undergo self-association.
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136
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Bobaly B, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Impact of organic modifier and temperature on protein denaturation in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:124-132. [PMID: 27589029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to better understand the chromatographic conditions in which monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of broad hydrophobicity scale and a cysteine conjugated antibody-drug conjugate (ADCs), namely brentuximab-vedotin, could denaturate. For this purpose, some experiments were carried out in HIC conditions using various organic modifier in natures and proportions, different mobile phase temperatures and also different pHs. Indeed, improper analytical conditions in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) may create reversed-phase (RP) like harsh conditions and therefore protein denaturation. In terms of organic solvents, acetonitrile (ACN) and isopropanol (IPA) were tested with proportions ranging from 0 to 40%. It appeared that IPA was a less denaturating solvent than ACN, but should be used in a reasonable range (10-15%). Temperature should also be kept reasonable (below 40°C), to limit denaturation under HIC conditions. However, the combined increase of temperature and organic content induced denaturation of protein biopharmaceuticals in all cases. Indeed, above 30-40°C and 10-15% organic modifier in mobile phase B, heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) fragments dissociated. Mobile phase pH was also particularly critical and denaturation was significant even under moderately acidic conditions (pH of 5.4). Today, HIC is widely used for measuring drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of ADCs, which is a critical quality attribute of such samples. Here, we demonstrated that the estimation of average DAR can be dependent on the amount of organic modifier in the mobile phase under HIC conditions, due to the better recovery of the most hydrophobic proteins in presence of organic solvent (IPA). So, special care should be taken when measuring the average DAR of ADCs in HIC.
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137
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Fekete S, Guillarme D. Editorial for the special issue entitled "Biopharmaceuticals 2016". J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:1-2. [PMID: 27423777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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138
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Azzollini A, Favre-Godal Q, Zhang J, Marcourt L, Ebrahimi SN, Wang S, Fan P, Lou H, Guillarme D, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL. Preparative Scale MS-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Compounds Using High-Resolution Flash Chromatography: Antifungals from Chiloscyphus polyanthos as a Case Study. PLANTA MEDICA 2016; 82:1051-1057. [PMID: 27336316 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In natural product research, the efficient purification of molecules from large amounts of complex extracts is a key element. In this regard, an integrative strategy for efficient MS-guided isolation of antifungal compounds has been developed. First, off-line HPLC antifungal activity-based profiling and HPLC-PDA-MS profiling were used to localize the compounds of interest on the analytical scale. Then, the analytical gradient was geometrically transferred to the flash chromatographic level. Finally, an MS-triggered isolation of the localized bioactive molecules was realized using high-resolution flash chromatographic columns (15 µm spherical particles) coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer via a splitter system. This isolation strategy was applied for the MS-targeted purification of antifungal principles from the liverwort Chiloscyphus polyanthos. This rational methodology has high potential for the targeted large-scale purification of bioactive compounds, avoiding the need to repeat a given bioassay at each isolation step. Seven sesquiterpene lactones were isolated, of which five were found to be bioactive and one was reported as a new compound. The absolute configuration of some compounds was established for the first time by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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139
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Sorensen M, Harmes DC, Stoll DR, Staples GO, Fekete S, Guillarme D, Beck A. Comparison of originator and biosimilar therapeutic monoclonal antibodies using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MAbs 2016; 8:1224-1234. [PMID: 27362833 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1203497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As research, development, and manufacturing of biosimilar protein therapeutics proliferates, there is great interest in the continued development of a portfolio of complementary analytical methods that can be used to efficiently and effectively characterize biosimilar candidate materials relative to the respective reference (i.e., originator) molecule. Liquid phase separation techniques such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are powerful tools that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information about similarities and differences between reference and biosimilar materials, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry. However, the inherent complexity of these protein materials challenges even the most modern one-dimensional (1D) separation methods. Two-dimensional (2D) separations present a number of potential advantages over 1D methods, including increased peak capacity, 2D peak patterns that can facilitate unknown identification, and improvement in the compatibility of some separation methods with mass spectrometry. In this study, we demonstrate the use of comprehensive 2D-LC separations involving cation-exchange (CEX) and reversed-phase (RP) separations in the first and second dimensions to compare 3 reference/biosimilar pairs of monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab, trastuzumab and infliximab) that cover a range of similarity/disimilarity in a middle-up approach. The second dimension RP separations are coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which enables direct identification of features in the chromatograms obtained from mAbs digested with the IdeS enzyme, or digestion with IdeS followed by reduction with dithiothreitol. As many as 23 chemically unique mAb fragments were detected in a single sample. Our results demonstrate that these rich datasets enable facile assesment of the degree of similarity between reference and biosimilar materials.
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140
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Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Guillarme D, Boccard J, Veuthey JL, Barron D, Moco S. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a performing tool for bioactive analysis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1450:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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141
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Mignot M, Périat A, Peulon-Agasse V, Cardinael P, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Evaluation of thermally pretreated silica stationary phases under hydrophilic interaction chromatography conditions. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1611-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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142
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Nováková L, Desfontaine V, Ponzetto F, Nicoli R, Saugy M, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Fast and sensitive supercritical fluid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry multi-class screening method for the determination of doping agents in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 915:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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143
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Cusumano A, Guillarme D, Beck A, Fekete S. Practical method development for the separation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug-conjugate species in hydrophobic interaction chromatoraphy, part 2: Optimization of the phase system. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 121:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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144
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Periat A, Kohler I, Thomas A, Nicoli R, Boccard J, Veuthey JL, Schappler J, Guillarme D. Systematic evaluation of matrix effects in hydrophilic interaction chromatography versus reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1439:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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145
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Randazzo GM, Tonoli D, Hambye S, Guillarme D, Jeanneret F, Nurisso A, Goracci L, Boccard J, Rudaz S. Prediction of retention time in reversed-phase liquid chromatography as a tool for steroid identification. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 916:8-16. [PMID: 27016433 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The untargeted profiling of steroids constitutes a growing research field because of their importance as biomarkers of endocrine disruption. New technologies in analytical chemistry, such as ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), offer the possibility of a fast and sensitive analysis. Nevertheless, difficulties regarding steroid identification are encountered when considering isotopomeric steroids. Thus, the use of retention times is of great help for the unambiguous identification of steroids. In this context, starting from the linear solvent strength (LSS) theory, quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) models, based on a dataset composed of 91 endogenous steroids and VolSurf + descriptors combined with a new dedicated molecular fingerprint, were developed to predict retention times of steroid structures in any gradient mode conditions. Satisfactory performance was obtained during nested cross-validation with a predictive ability (Q(2)) of 0.92. The generalisation ability of the model was further confirmed by an average error of 4.4% in external prediction. This allowed the list of candidates associated with identical monoisotopic masses to be strongly reduced, facilitating definitive steroid identification.
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146
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Romand S, Rudaz S, Guillarme D. Separation of substrates and closely related glucuronide metabolites using various chromatographic modes. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1435:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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147
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Tyteca E, Veuthey JL, Desmet G, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Computer assisted liquid chromatographic method development for the separation of therapeutic proteins. Analyst 2016; 141:5488-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01520d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the use of computer assisted liquid chromatographic method development for the analytical characterization of protein biopharmaceuticals.
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148
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Fekete S, Rodriguez-Aller M, Cusumano A, Hayes R, Zhang H, Edge T, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Prototype sphere-on-sphere silica particles for the separation of large biomolecules. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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149
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Fekete S, Guillarme D, Sandra P, Sandra K. Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analytical Characterization of Protein Biopharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2015; 88:480-507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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150
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Rodriguez-Aller M, Guillarme D, Veuthey JL, Gurny R. Strategies for formulating and delivering poorly water-soluble drugs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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