126
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Perry S, Chu F. Allocating scarce medical resources: organ transplants versus other interventions. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OBSERVER 1987; 7:5. [PMID: 10283690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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127
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Braun J, Chu F, Seethapathy R. Characterization of GIS Spacers Exposed to SF6 Decomposition Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1109/tei.1987.298880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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128
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Chu F, Novak N, Radany MH, Perry S. Reuse and reprocessing of disposable medical devices. Legal liability issues. JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY 1987; 3:5-12. [PMID: 10277646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Reuse and reprocessing of disposable medical devices raises issues of legal liability, especially among physicians, hospitals, and device manufacturers. The practice of reuse has been, at least informally, reported to be fairly widespread. However, the medical risks associated with reuse are unresolved in most cases, which may lead to circumstances conducive to litigation. In this paper, the characteristics of reuse pertaining to legal liability, the parties potentially subject to civil liability suits as a result of reuse, the legal theories underlying claims of injury, and the legal implications of possible policy actions will be examined.
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129
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Hall DH, Povinelli CM, Ehrenman K, Pedersen-Lane J, Chu F, Belfort M. Two domains for splicing in the intron of the phage T4 thymidylate synthase (td) gene established by nondirected mutagenesis. Cell 1987; 48:63-71. [PMID: 3791415 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Of 97 nondirected T4 thymidylate synthase-defective (td) mutations, 27 were mapped to the intron of the split td gene. Clustering of these intron mutations defined two domains that are functional in splicing, each within approximately 220 residues of the respective splice sites. Two selected mutations, tdN57 and tdN47, fell within phylogenetically conserved pairings, with tdN57 disrupting the exon I-internal guide pairing (P1) in the 5' domain and tdN47 destabilizing the P9 helix in the 3' domain. A splicing assay with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to RNA junction sequences revealed processing defects for T4tdN57 and T4tdN47, both of which are impaired in cleavage at the 5' and 3' splice sites. Thus prokaryotic genetics facilitates association of specific residue changes with their consequences to splicing.
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130
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Krucoff M, Chu F, McCallum D, Perry S. New medical technologies in a cost containment environment: Implantable antitachyarrhythmia devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1987; 10:2-20. [PMID: 2436165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1987.tb05920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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131
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Chu F, Cotter D. PPS policies should reflect payment adjustments for new technologies. BUSINESS AND HEALTH 1986; 4:60-1. [PMID: 10301171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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132
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Chu F. Changing attitudes toward reusing medical devices. HEALTHSPAN 1986; 3:14-8. [PMID: 10314195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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133
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Abstract
Pulmonary edema following the relief of acute upper airway obstruction is unusual and unpredictable. The cause is usually attributed to pulmonary and hemodynamic changes resulting from high negative intrathoracic pressures during obstructed respiration. The incidence of this problem is not known. Why pulmonary edema develops in only certain patients is also unclear. We reviewed the records of 27 consecutive adult patients admitted and treated for acute upper airway obstruction. Three of 27 (11%) developed pulmonary edema. Age, sex, diagnosis, duration of obstruction, history of cardiopulmonary disease, and perioperative fluid administration were evaluated. No differences were noted between those who did and those who did not develop pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema following acute upper airway obstruction appears to be more common than is generally appreciated, however, no specific factors seem related to its occurrence.
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134
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Belfort M, Pedersen-Lane J, West D, Ehrenman K, Maley G, Chu F, Maley F. Processing of the intron-containing thymidylate synthase (td) gene of phage T4 is at the RNA level. Cell 1985; 41:375-82. [PMID: 3986907 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interrupted T4 phage td gene, which encodes thymidylate synthase, is the first known example of an intron-containing prokaryotic structural gene. Analysis of td-encoded transcripts provides evidence in favor of maturation at the RNA level. Northern blotting with T4 RNA and with region-specific probes revealed three classes of RNA: diffuse premessage (ca. 2.5 kb), a low-abundance mature mRNA (ca. 1.3 kb), and an abundant free intron RNA (ca. 1.0 kb). The existence of covalently joined mature mRNA was suggested by hybridization and S1 protection experiments and was confirmed by primer extension analysis of the splice junction. In analogy to expression of interrupted eukaryotic genes, these results are consistent with an RNA processing model that would account for the direct gene transcript serving as precursor for both free intron RNA and a spliced mRNA that is colinear with the thymidylate synthase product.
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135
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136
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Spelke ES, Smith Born W, Chu F. Perception of moving, sounding objects by four-month-old infants. Perception 1983; 12:719-32. [PMID: 6678415 DOI: 10.1068/p120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Infants and adults were presented with two moving objects accompanied by a single percussive sound. In different experiments, the sound occurred when one object moved through a particular spatial position, when it abruptly changed its direction of movement, or when it made contact with a rigid surface. Infants responded to the sound-object relationship whenever the sound occurred as the object changed direction, irrespective of its impacts with the surface. Adults, in contrast, responded to the sound-object relationship most clearly when sounds were synchronized with impacts. In infancy, perception of auditory-visual relationships thus depends in part on detection of discontinuities in the movement of a visible object.
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137
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Poole SR, Chu F, Goldson E, Mead J, Stewart M, Aronson L, Koops B. Follow-up care of the premature infant: the family physician's role. THE JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE 1983; 16:893-904. [PMID: 6842148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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138
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Pokrowsky P, Moerner WE, Chu F, Bjorklund GC. Reading and writing of photochemical holes using GaAlAs-diode lasers. OPTICS LETTERS 1983; 8:280-282. [PMID: 19718087 DOI: 10.1364/ol.8.000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A current-tuned GaAlAs-diode laser is utilized both to burn and to detect narrow photochemical holes in the inhomogeneously broadened 833-nm zero-phonon line of the R' color center in LiF. Applications for reading and writing data into frequency-domain optical memories based on photochemical hole burning are discussed.
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139
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Waybright EA, Selhorst JB, Chu F, Cogan DG. Sublingual angiomas and the blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome. ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 1981; 38:784-5. [PMID: 7316850 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1981.00510120084019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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140
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Nori D, Moorthy CR, Hilaris BS, Batata MA, Chu F, Martini N. Intrapleural instillation of radioactive chromic phosphate in malignant pleural effusion. Indian J Cancer 1981; 18:288-91. [PMID: 7341430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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141
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Raaf J, Bryan C, Monden M, Bray A, Kim JH, Chu F, Chaganti RS, Shank B, Cahan A, Fortner JG. Bone marrow and renal transplantation in canine recipients prepared by total lymphoid irradiation. Transplant Proc 1981; 13:429-33. [PMID: 7022866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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142
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Shank B, Hopfan S, Kim J, Chu F, Grossbard E, Kapoor N, Kirkpatrick D, Dinsmore R, Simpson L, Reid A, Chui C, Finegan D, O'Reilly R. Hyperfractionated total body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation I. Early results in leukemia patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(80)90435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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143
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Shiu MH, Chu F, Fortner JG. Treatment of regionally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the extremity and trunk. SURGERY, GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS 1980; 150:558-62. [PMID: 7361247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective study was made of 106 locally and regionally advanced epidermoid carcinomas of the trunk and extremity treated from 1949 to 1970. Forty-six of the tumors had a known cause, of which radiation exposure was the most common. In addition to axillary and inguinal nodal metastases, these cancers also manifested intransit, epitrochlear and popliteal lymphatic metastatic disease. Surgical treatment consisted of wide monobloc resection for the majority of the primary neoplasms, amputation being necessary for tumors fixed to skeletal or neurovascular structures. Clinically enlarged regional lymph nodes were subjected to biopsy, but elective regional node dissection did not offer therapeutic benefit. Patients with biopsy proved nodal metastases were treated by either radical nodal dissection or high exarticulation, with similar results. Actuarial five year survival rates after definitive surgical treatment were 71 per cent for patients with regional node-negative and 57 per cent for those with regional node-positive tumors. Local and regional recurrences of tumors were frequent in patients who had deep seated tumors of the trunk and postsacral region, or bulky nodal disease, despite pathologically negative resection margins. Uncontrolled recurrent tumor with sepsis and compromise of vital organ function was the most common cause of death. Radiation therapy achieved partial regression of the tumor in eight patients and complete regression in one of 15 patients. A critical analysis is made of the various clinicopathologic factors which affect prognosis, and the possible means of improving the results of treatment are discussed.
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144
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Brown JA, Segal HL, Maley F, Trimble RB, Chu F. Effect of deglycosylation of yeast invertase on its uptake and digestion in rat yolk sacs. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:3689-91. [PMID: 374402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake by rat yolk sacs of native invertase and invertase which was deglycosylated by treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was compared. The initial rate of uptake of the deglycosylated enzyme was severalfold greater and its accumulation leveled off much earlier than that of the native enzyme. Uptake rates of the deglycosylated and native forms of the enzyme were proportional to their concentration in the medium in the range employed and were inhibited about 85% by 10(-6) M glucagon in both cases. After preloading of yolk sacs with native invertase, the tissue level of activity remained relatively constant over a subsequent 6-h time period, while with the deglycosylated form, activity declined substantially. Since this difference appears not to be attributable to differences in thermal stability, it is suggested that the deglycosylated form of the protein is more susceptible to intracellular proteolytic digestion. In vitro studies on the digestion of these two forms of invertase by trypsin are consistent with this suggestion.
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145
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Brown JA, Segal HL, Maley F, Trimble RB, Chu F. Effect of deglycosylation of yeast invertase on its uptake and digestion in rat yolk sacs. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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146
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Boyle SM, Chu F, Brot N, Sells BH. The relationship between the spoT gene, the synthesis of stable RNA, ribosomal proteins, and the beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase following a nutritional shiftup of Escherichia coli. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 56:528-33. [PMID: 352488 DOI: 10.1139/o78-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The level of ppGpp and rates of synthesis of stable RNA, ribosomal protein, and the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase were measured following a nutritional shiftup in Escherichia coli strains, NF 929 (spoT+) and NF 930 (spoT-). In the spoT+ strain, ppGpp levels decreased 50% within 2 min following shiftup, and the rates of synthesis of stable RNA, ribosomal proteins, and the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase increased with little or no lag. In contrast, in the spoT- strain, ppGpp levels transiently increased 40% during the first 6 min following shiftup. An inhibition in the rate of stable RNA synthesis and a delay in the increased synthesis of ribosomal proteins and beta and beta' subunits occurred concurrently with the transient increase in ppGpp. In addition, the DNA-dependent synthesis in vitro of the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase was inhibited by physiological levels of ppGpp. Because of the timing and magnitude of the changes in ppGpp levels in the spoT- strain versus the timing when the new rates of stable RNA, ribosomal protein, and beta and beta' subunits synthesis are reached, it is concluded that ppGpp is not the sole element regulating the expression of these genes.
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147
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Kung HF, Chu F, Caldwell P, Spears C, Treadwell BV, Eskin B, Brot N, Weissbach H. The mRNA-directed synthesis of the alpha0peptide of beta-galactosidase, ribosomal proteins L12 and L10, and elongation factor Tu, using purified translational factors. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 187:457-63. [PMID: 352269 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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148
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Batata M, Whitmore W, Hilaris B, Unal A, Chu F, Grabstald H, Golbey R. Testicular cancer according to age. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(78)90651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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149
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Chu F, Caldwell P, Weissbach H, Brot N. mRNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of ribosomal proteins L12 and L10 and elongation factor Tu. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977; 74:5387-91. [PMID: 341155 PMCID: PMC431730 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA extracted from growing Escherichia coli can direct the in vitro synthesis of ribosomal proteins L12 and L10 and elongation factor Tu when an E. coli system is used. The synthesized L12 can be bound to L12-depleted ribosomes and the synthesized elongation factor Tu can form complexes with both elongation factor Ts and GDP. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate has no effect on the synthesis of these proteins from an RNA template but inhibits their synthesis when a DNA template is used.
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150
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Gilbert K, Chu F, Jones E, Di Luzio NR. Fate of 14C-glucan in normal and acute myelogenous leukemic rats. JOURNAL OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SOCIETY 1977; 22:319-27. [PMID: 270588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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