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Taniguchi Y, Amazaki M, Furuyama T, Yamaguchi W, Takahara M, Saino O, Wada T, Niwa H, Tashiro F, Miyazaki JI, Kogo M, Matsuyama T, Inagaki S. Sema4D deficiency results in an increase in the number of oligodendrocytes in healthy and injured mouse brains. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:2833-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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127
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Niwa H. S16-04 Transcription factor network governing pluripotency. Mech Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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128
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Yuri S, Fujimura S, Nimura K, Takeda N, Toyooka Y, Fujimura YI, Aburatani H, Ura K, Koseki H, Niwa H, Nishinakamura R. Sall4 is essential for stabilization, but not for pluripotency, of embryonic stem cells by repressing aberrant trophectoderm gene expression. Stem Cells 2009; 27:796-805. [PMID: 19350679 DOI: 10.1002/stem.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sall4 is a mouse homolog of a causative gene of the autosomal dominant disorder Okihiro syndrome. We previously showed that the absence of Sall4 leads to lethality during peri-implantation and that Sall4-null embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferate poorly with intact pluripotency when cultured on feeder cells. Here, we report that, in the absence of feeder cells, Sall4-null ES cells express the trophectoderm marker Cdx2, but are maintained for a long period in an undifferentiated state with minimally affected Oct3/4 expression. Feeder-free Sall4-null ES cells contribute solely to the inner cell mass and epiblast in vivo, indicating that these cells still retain pluripotency and do not fully commit to the trophectoderm. These phenotypes could arise from derepression of the Cdx2 promoter, which is normally suppressed by Sall4 and the Mi2/NuRD HDAC complex. However, proliferation was impaired and G1 phase prolonged in the absence of Sall4, suggesting another role for Sall4 in cell cycle control. Although Sall1, also a Sall family gene, is known to genetically interact with Sall4 in vivo, Sall1-null ES cells have no apparent defects and no exacerbation is observed in ES cells lacking both Sall1 and Sall4, compared with Sall4-null cells. This suggests a unique role for Sall4 in ES cells. Thus, though Sall4 does not contribute to the central machinery of the pluripotency, it stabilizes ES cells by repressing aberrant trophectoderm gene expression.
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Matsuura K, Morimoto Y, Sugimura M, Taki K, Maeda M, Niwa H. [Case report of dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy in a patient on a ketogenic diet]. MASUI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2009; 58:762-764. [PMID: 19522273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a 16-year-old woman with dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) on a ketogenic diet. She was scheduled for dental treatment under general anesthesia. She was diagnosed as having DRPLA at the age of 10. Medication included clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide, ethosuximide, sodium valproate and piracetam. She had been placed on a ketogenic diet at the age of 15, and seizures decreased. Preoperative laboratory data were normal except for serum cholesterol level (228 mg x dl(-1)) and blood ketones (1.8 mmol x l(-1)) with the use of Medisense Xtra. General anesthesia was induced using thiamylal, vecuronium, sevoflurane and maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide-oxygen. Fluid infusion employed Solita T1 (glucose content of 2.6%: total 150 ml). Operation and general anesthesia presented no problems. We continued to infuse Solita T1 (total 350ml) for about 4 hours postoperatively. Ketogenic diet and additional medicine were started after 5 hours postoperatively. We measured perioperative and postoperative BS and blood ketones with the use of Medisense Xtra. She recovered from anesthesia without any significant complication.
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Haneda H, Niwa H, Tanahashi M, Moriyama S, Suzuki E, Yoshii N. 99PD LYMPHATIC OR VASCULAR INVASION FACTOR IS AN IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGICAL STAGE IA LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA LESS THAN 20mm IN DIAMETER. Lung Cancer 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(09)70222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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131
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Nishioka N, Inoue KI, Adachi K, Kiyonari H, Ota M, Ralston A, Yabuta N, Hirahara S, Stephenson RO, Ogonuki N, Makita R, Kurihara H, Morin-Kensicki EM, Nojima H, Rossant J, Nakao K, Niwa H, Sasaki H. The Hippo Signaling Pathway Components Lats and Yap Pattern Tead4 Activity to Distinguish Mouse Trophectoderm from Inner Cell Mass. Dev Cell 2009; 16:398-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 602] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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132
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Aiba K, Nedorezov T, Piao Y, Nishiyama A, Matoba R, Sharova LV, Sharov AA, Yamanaka S, Niwa H, Ko MSH. Defining developmental potency and cell lineage trajectories by expression profiling of differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells. DNA Res 2008; 16:73-80. [PMID: 19112179 PMCID: PMC2644347 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsn035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologists rely on morphology, function and specific markers to define the differentiation status of cells. Transcript profiling has expanded the repertoire of these markers by providing the snapshot of cellular status that reflects the activity of all genes. However, such data have been used only to assess relative similarities and differences of these cells. Here we show that principal component analysis of global gene expression profiles map cells in multidimensional transcript profile space and the positions of differentiating cells progress in a stepwise manner along trajectories starting from undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells located in the apex. We present three ‘cell lineage trajectories’, which represent the differentiation of ES cells into the first three lineages in mammalian development: primitive endoderm, trophoblast and primitive ectoderm/neural ectoderm. The positions of the cells along these trajectories seem to reflect the developmental potency of cells and can be used as a scale for the potential of cells. Indeed, we show that embryonic germ cells and induced pluripotent cells are mapped near the origin of the trajectories, whereas mouse embryo fibroblast and fibroblast cell lines are mapped near the far end of the trajectories. We suggest that this method can be used as the non-operational semi-quantitative definition of cell differentiation status and developmental potency. Furthermore, the global expression profiles of cell lineages provide a framework for the future study of in vitro and in vivo cell differentiation.
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Ema M, Mori D, Niwa H, Hasegawa Y, Yamanaka Y, Hitoshi S, Mimura J, Kawabe YI, Hosoya T, Morita M, Shimosato D, Uchida K, Suzuki N, Yanagisawa J, Sogawa K, Rossant J, Yamamoto M, Takahashi S, Fujii-Kuriyama Y. Krüppel-like factor 5 Is Essential for Blastocyst Development and the Normal Self-Renewal of Mouse ESCs. Cell Stem Cell 2008; 3:555-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Niwa H, Sekita Y, Tsend-Ayush E, Grützner F. Platypus Pou5f1 reveals the first steps in the evolution of trophectoderm differentiation and pluripotency in mammals. Evol Dev 2008; 10:671-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2008.00280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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135
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Haneda H, Tanahashi M, Moriyama S, Suzuki E, Yoshii N, Niwa H. [Evaluation of tracheobronchoplasty for lung cancer]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2008; 61:939-944. [PMID: 18939429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tracheobronchoplasty has become one of the standard procedures for lung cancer. In this study, we examined the incidence of complications and survival of tracheobronchoplasty and compared with these of pneumonectomy. In 119 patients underwent tracheobronchoplasty, bronchopleural fistula occurred in 6 (5.0%) and anastomotic stenosis occurred in 5 (4.2%). Five-year survival rate of 119 patients underwent tracheobronchoplasty was 47.3%, and the median survival time was 49.3 months. We compared the sleeve or wedge lobectomy and pneumonectomy, the incidence of complications and 30-days death were similar, but the rate of in-hospital death and the prognosis of the sleeve or wedge lobectomy were better than these of pneumonectomy. So to preserve a respiratory function, we should use a bronchoplastic procedures to avoid pneumonectomy.
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Tajiri H, Niwa H. Proposal for a consensus terminology in endoscopy: how should different endoscopic imaging techniques be grouped and defined? Endoscopy 2008; 40:775-8. [PMID: 18698532 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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137
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Miyagi S, Masui S, Niwa H, Saito T, Shimazaki T, Okano H, Nishimoto M, Muramatsu M, Iwama A, Okuda A. Consequence of the loss of Sox2 in the developing brain of the mouse. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2811-5. [PMID: 18638478 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox2 is expressed at high levels in neural stem and progenitor cells. Here, we inactivated Sox2 specifically in the developing brain by using Cre-loxP system. Although mutant animals did not survive after birth, analysis of late gestation embryos revealed that loss of Sox2 causes enlargement of the lateral ventricles and a decrease in the number of neurosphere-forming cells. However, although their neurogenic potential is attenuated, Sox2-deficient neural stem cells retain their multipotency and self-renewal capacity. We found that expression level of Sox3 is elevated in Sox2 null developing brain, probably mitigating the effects of loss of Sox2.
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Sugimura M, Hirose Y, Hanamoto H, Okada K, Boku A, Morimoto Y, Taki K, Niwa H. Influence of acute progressive hypoxia on cardiovascular variability in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Auton Neurosci 2008; 141:94-103. [PMID: 18599365 PMCID: PMC2941824 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of acute progressive hypoxia on cardiovascular variability and striatal dopamine (DA) levels in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). After preparation for measurement, the inspired oxygen concentration of rats was decreased to 10% within 5 min (descent stage), maintained at 10% for 10 min (fixed stage), and then elevated back to 20% over 5 min (recovery stage). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) variability at each stage was calculated to evaluate the autonomic nervous system response using the wavelet method. Striatal DA during each stage was measured using in vivo microdialysis. We found that SHR showed a more profound hemodynamic response to progressive hypoxia as compared to WKY. Cardiac parasympathetic activity in SHR was significantly inhibited by acute progressive hypoxia during all stages, as shown by the decrease in the high frequency band of HR variability (HR-HF), along with transient increase in sympathetic activity during the early hypoxic phase. This decrease in the HR-HF continued even when SBP was elevated. Striatal DA levels showed the transient similar elevation in both groups. These findings suggest that acute progressive hypoxic stress in SHR inhibits cardiac parasympathetic activity through reduction of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity, with potentially severe deleterious effects on circulation, in particular on HR and circulatory control. Furthermore, it is thought that the influence of acute progressive hypoxia on striatal DA levels is similar in SHR and WKY.
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Sun C, Nakatake Y, Ura H, Akagi T, Niwa H, Koide H, Yokota T. Stem cell-specific expression of Dax1 is conferred by STAT3 and Oct3/4 in embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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140
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Sharov AA, Masui S, Sharova LV, Piao Y, Aiba K, Matoba R, Xin L, Niwa H, Ko MSH. Identification of Pou5f1, Sox2, and Nanog downstream target genes with statistical confidence by applying a novel algorithm to time course microarray and genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation data. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:269. [PMID: 18522731 PMCID: PMC2424064 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Target genes of a transcription factor (TF) Pou5f1 (Oct3/4 or Oct4), which is essential for pluripotency maintenance and self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells, have previously been identified based on their response to Pou5f1 manipulation and occurrence of Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-binding sites in promoters. However, many responding genes with binding sites may not be direct targets because response may be mediated by other genes and ChIP-binding site may not be functional in terms of transcription regulation. Results To reduce the number of false positives, we propose to separate responding genes into groups according to direction, magnitude, and time of response, and to apply the false discovery rate (FDR) criterion to each group individually. Using this novel algorithm with stringent statistical criteria (FDR < 0.2) to a compendium of published and new microarray data (3, 6, 12, and 24 hr after Pou5f1 suppression) and published ChIP data, we identified 420 tentative target genes (TTGs) for Pou5f1. The majority of TTGs (372) were down-regulated after Pou5f1 suppression, indicating that the Pou5f1 functions as an activator of gene expression when it binds to promoters. Interestingly, many activated genes are potent suppressors of transcription, which include polycomb genes, zinc finger TFs, chromatin remodeling factors, and suppressors of signaling. Similar analysis showed that Sox2 and Nanog also function mostly as transcription activators in cooperation with Pou5f1. Conclusion We have identified the most reliable sets of direct target genes for key pluripotency genes – Pou5f1, Sox2, and Nanog, and found that they predominantly function as activators of downstream gene expression. Thus, most genes related to cell differentiation are suppressed indirectly.
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141
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Toyooka Y, Shimosato D, Murakami K, Takahashi K, Niwa H. Identification and characterization of subpopulations in undifferentiated ES cell culture. Development 2008; 135:909-18. [PMID: 18263842 DOI: 10.1242/dev.017400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) and the epiblast, and have been suggested to be a homogeneous population with characteristics intermediate between them. These cells express Oct3/4 and Rex1 genes, which have been used as markers to indicate the undifferentiated state of ES cells. Whereas Oct3/4 is expressed in totipotent and pluripotent cells in the mouse life cycle, Rex1 expression is restricted to the ICM, and is downregulated in pluripotent cell populations in the later stages, i.e. the epiblast and primitive ectoderm (PrE). To address whether ES cells comprise a homogeneous population equivalent to a certain developmental stage of pluripotent cells or a heterogeneous population composed of cells corresponding to various stages of differentiation, we established knock-in ES cell lines in which genes for fluorescent proteins were inserted into the Rex1 and Oct3/4 gene loci to visualize the expression of these genes. We found that undifferentiated ES cells included at least two different populations, Rex1(+)/Oct3/4(+) cells and Rex1(-)/Oct3/4(+) cells. The Rex1(-)/Oct3/4(+) and Rex1(+)/Oct3/4(+) populations could convert into each other in the presence of LIF. In accordance with our assumption that Rex1(+)/Oct3/4(+) cells and Rex1(-)/Oct3/4(+) cells have characteristics similar to those of ICM and early-PrE cells, Rex1(+)/Oct3/4(+) cells predominantly differentiated into primitive ectoderm and contributed to chimera formation, whereas Rex1(-)/Oct3/4(+) cells differentiated into cells of the somatic lineage more efficiently than non-fractionated ES cells in vitro and showed poor ability to contribute to chimera formation. These results confirmed that undifferentiated ES cell culture contains subpopulations corresponding to ICM, epiblast and PrE.
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Oiwa M, Satoh T, Watanabe M, Niwa H, Hirai H, Nakamura M, Yokozeki H. CRTH2-dependent, STAT6-independent induction of cedar pollen dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:1357-66. [PMID: 18477017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airborne contact dermatitis to cedar pollen is a recently identified disease that generally affects individuals with cedar pollinosis of the nasal and/or ocular symptoms, as well as some patients with atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the pathological mechanisms of cedar pollen dermatitis. METHODS We established a mouse model of cedar pollen dermatitis by epicutaneous sensitization with Japanese cedar pollen antigen (Ag). RESULTS Histologically, there was marked dermal cellular infiltrate, including eosinophils and mast cells, with epidermal thickening. The induction of dermatitis was accompanied by production of cedar pollen-specific IgE. In the lesional skin, IL-13, IL-18, eotaxin/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 11, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted/CCL5, macrophage-derived chemokine/CCL22 and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, but not IL-4 and IFN-gamma, were produced. Mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W(v) mice failed to develop cedar pollen dermatitis, although regional lymph node cells proliferated in response to Cryptomeria japonica (Cry j) 1 and Cry j2 Ags in vitro. Surprisingly, the induction of dermatitis was independent of STAT6/IgE. In contrast, mice deficient in CRTH2, a receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), showed diminished inflammation. Consistent with this, ramatroban, a CRTH2 antagonist, significantly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSION These data suggest that PGD2-CRTH2 signalling contributes to inflammation in cedar pollen dermatitis, and unlike cedar pollinosis of the nasal mucosa, STAT6 is not a therapeutic target for treatment.
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Warren WC, Hillier LW, Marshall Graves JA, Birney E, Ponting CP, Grützner F, Belov K, Miller W, Clarke L, Chinwalla AT, Yang SP, Heger A, Locke DP, Miethke P, Waters PD, Veyrunes F, Fulton L, Fulton B, Graves T, Wallis J, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Ordóñez GR, Eichler EE, Chen L, Cheng Z, Deakin JE, Alsop A, Thompson K, Kirby P, Papenfuss AT, Wakefield MJ, Olender T, Lancet D, Huttley GA, Smit AFA, Pask A, Temple-Smith P, Batzer MA, Walker JA, Konkel MK, Harris RS, Whittington CM, Wong ESW, Gemmell NJ, Buschiazzo E, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Merkel A, Schmitz J, Zemann A, Churakov G, Kriegs JO, Brosius J, Murchison EP, Sachidanandam R, Smith C, Hannon GJ, Tsend-Ayush E, McMillan D, Attenborough R, Rens W, Ferguson-Smith M, Lefèvre CM, Sharp JA, Nicholas KR, Ray DA, Kube M, Reinhardt R, Pringle TH, Taylor J, Jones RC, Nixon B, Dacheux JL, Niwa H, Sekita Y, Huang X, Stark A, Kheradpour P, Kellis M, Flicek P, Chen Y, Webber C, Hardison R, Nelson J, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Delehaunty K, Markovic C, Minx P, Feng Y, Kremitzki C, Mitreva M, Glasscock J, Wylie T, Wohldmann P, Thiru P, Nhan MN, Pohl CS, Smith SM, Hou S, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Renfree MB, Mardis ER, Wilson RK. Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution. Nature 2008; 453:175-83. [PMID: 18464734 PMCID: PMC2803040 DOI: 10.1038/nature06936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.
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Masui S, Ohtsuka S, Yagi R, Takahashi K, Ko MSH, Niwa H. Rex1/Zfp42 is dispensable for pluripotency in mouse ES cells. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:45. [PMID: 18433507 PMCID: PMC2386458 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Rex1/Zfp42 has been extensively used as a marker for the undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells. However, its function in pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem (ES) cells remained unclear although its involvement in visceral endoderm differentiation in F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells was reported. Results We showed the function of Rex1 in mouse ES cells as well as in embryos using the conventional gene targeting strategy. Our results clearly indicated that Rex1 function is dispensable for both the maintenance of pluripotency in ES cells and the development of embryos. However, Rex1-/- ES cells showed the defect to induce a subset of the marker genes of visceral endoderm, when differentiated as embryoid body, as found in EC cells. Conclusion Rex1 should be regarded just as a marker of pluripotency without functional significance like the activity of alkaline phosphatase.
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Hobo S, Niwa H, Anzai T. Proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine repetition peptide as an antigen for the serological diagnosis of strangles. Vet Rec 2008; 162:471-4. [PMID: 18408194 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.15.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine (PEPK) repetition peptide antigen in 3176 serum samples was investigated to evaluate its utility as an antigen for the serological diagnosis of strangles. The reactivity of the sera of horses infected with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi was high when the peptide had several PEPK repetitions. However, as the number of PEPK repetitions increased, the reactivity of the antigen with the sera of horses infected with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus also increased. In horses infected experimentally with S equi, the reactivity of the PEPK antigen with five repetitions increased one week after inoculation and continued to increase during the following four weeks. The optical density (OD) values of test sera from horses infected experimentally with S equi and sera from horses that had recovered from strangles were high. The od values of sera from horses that had recovered from an experimental infection with S zooepidemicus and of sera from healthy horses were comparatively low.
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146
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Chikaraishi H, Takami S, Inoue T, Ise T, Niwa H, Haga T. Control system of dc power supplies for LHD superconducting coils. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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147
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Okamura D, Tokitake Y, Niwa H, Matsui Y. Requirement of Oct3/4 function for germ cell specification. Dev Biol 2008; 317:576-84. [PMID: 18395706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian embryos, PGCs (primordial germ cells) are specified from a pluripotent epiblast cell population after implantation. In this study, we demonstrated an essential role for the germline-specific transcription factor Oct3/4 in PGC specification. We generated chimeric embryos with ZHBTc4 ES cells lacking both alleles of the Oct3/4 gene (pou5f1). Pluripotency was maintained by an Oct3/4 transgene, and its expression was suppressed by doxycycline (Dox). Transcription of the Oct3/4 transgene in the ES-derived cells unexpectedly suffered constitutive suppression in chimeric embryos without Dox, and the ES-derived cells contributed to PGC precursor-like cells, but failed to form PGCs. We then attempted to rescue Oct3/4 expression in the ES-derived cells in the chimeric embryos by introducing an additional Oct3/4 transgene. The ES cell-derived cells indeed recovered Oct3/4 transcription in these chimeric embryos, and were successfully specified to PGCs. We further confirmed the requirement of Oct3/4 by using another derivative of ZHBTc4 ES cells in which a Dex (dexamethasone)-dependent Oct3/4 transgene was introduced. In the presence of Dox, Oct3/4 protein was absent in the nuclei of the ES-derived cells, which failed to form PGCs. In contrast, the ES-derived cells could be specified to PGCs after activation of Oct3/4 function in the presence of Dex.
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148
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Morimoto Y, Niwa H, Hanatani A, Nakatani T. Hemostatic management during oral surgery in patients with a left-ventricular assist system undergoing high-level anticoagulant therapy: efficacy of low molecular weight heparin. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66:568-71. [PMID: 18280396 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2007.06.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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149
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Masui S, Niwa H. [Transcriptional network maintaining pluripotency of embryonic stem cells]. TANPAKUSHITSU KAKUSAN KOSO. PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID, ENZYME 2008; 53:164-168. [PMID: 18240596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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150
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