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Klohs J, Deistung A, Schweser F, Grandjean J, Dominietto M, Waschkies C, Nitsch RM, Knuesel I, Reichenbach JR, Rudin M. Detection of cerebral microbleeds with quantitative susceptibility mapping in the ArcAbeta mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:2282-92. [PMID: 21847134 PMCID: PMC3323188 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are findings in patients with neurological disorders such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease, and are indicative of an underlying vascular pathology. A diagnosis of CMBs requires an imaging method that is capable of detecting iron-containing lesions with high sensitivity and spatial accuracy in the presence of potentially confounding tissue abnormalities. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of quantitative magnetic susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel technique based on gradient-recalled echo (GRE) phase data, for the detection of CMBs in the arcAβ mouse, a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. Quantitative susceptibility maps were generated from phase data acquired with a high-resolution T(2)(*)-weighted GRE sequence at 9.4 T. We examined the influence of different regularization parameters on susceptibility computation; a proper adjustment of the regularization parameter minimizes streaking artifacts and preserves fine structures. In the present study, it is shown that QSM provides increased detection sensitivity of CMBs and improved contrast when compared with GRE magnitude imaging. Furthermore, QSM corrects for the blooming effect observed in magnitude and phase images and depicts both the localization and spatial extent of CMBs with high accuracy. Therefore, QSM may become an important tool for diagnosing CMBs in neurological diseases.
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Vag T, Kentouche K, Krumbein I, Reichenbach JR, Lopatta E, Renz DM, Stenzel M, Beck J, Kaiser WA, Mentzel HJ. Noninvasive measurement of liver iron concentration at MRI in children with acute leukemia: initial results. Pediatr Radiol 2011; 41:980-4. [PMID: 21674286 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-011-2122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine assessment of body iron load in patients with acute leukemia is usually done by serum ferritin (SF) assay; however, its sensitivity is impaired by different conditions including inflammation and malignancy. OBJECTIVE To estimate, using MRI, the extent of liver iron overload in children with acute leukemia and receiving blood transfusions, and to examine the association between the degree of hepatic iron overload and clinical parameters including SF and the transfusion iron load (TIL). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 25 MRI measurements of the liver were performed in 15 children with acute leukemia (mean age 9.75 years) using gradient-echo sequences. Signal intensity ratios between the liver and the vertebral muscle (L/M ratio) were calculated and compared with SF-levels. TIL was estimated from the cumulative blood volume received, assuming an amount of 200 mg iron per transfused red blood cell unit. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed good correlation between the L/M SI ratio and TIL (r = -0.67, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval CI = -0.83 to -0.34) in patients with acute leukemia as well as between L/M SI ratio and SF (r = -0.76, P = 0.0003, 95% CI = -0.89 to -0.52). CONCLUSION SF may reliably reflect liver iron stores as a routine marker in patients suffering from acute leukemia.
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128
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Herrmann KH, Baltzer PA, Dietzel M, Krumbein I, Geppert C, Kaiser WA, Reichenbach JR. Resolving arterial phase and temporal enhancement characteristics in DCE MRM at high spatial resolution with TWIST acquisition. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:973-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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129
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Güllmar D, Deistung A, Reichenbach JR. Tracking von CE-MR-Angiographie Daten unter Verwendung etablierter DTI-Ansätze. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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130
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Hiepe P, Herrmann KH, Ros C, Reichenbach JR. Diffusionsgewichtete MR-Bildgebung lumbaler Bandscheiben mittels Inner-Volume-STEAM-Technik. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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131
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Hiepe P, Güllmar D, Herrmann KH, Küpper C, Siebert T, Reichenbach JR. In Vivo Fiber-Tracking der Wadenmuskulatur von Kaninchen basierend auf diffusionsgewichteter STEAM-MR-Bildgebung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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132
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Sprenger T, Herrmann KH, Jochimsen T, Reichenbach JR. Vergleich einer TSE-Sequenz mit konventioneller Fettsättigung und einer Multiecho-GRASE-Sequenz mit VARPRO-Fett-Wasser-Trennung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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133
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Schweser F, Deistung A, Lehr BW, Reichenbach JR. SIAMESE-TWINS: Quantitative Kartierung von Eisen und Myelin im menschlichen Gehirn. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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134
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Güllmar D, Bitzer LA, Reichenbach JR. Entwicklung einer templatebasierten, aktiven Schallunterdrückung für MRT-Untersuchungen - Simulationsstudie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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135
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Ros C, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR. COMET (Cluster analysis Of Major Equivalent Tracts) - Ein Framework für die Clusteranalyse von Fiber Tracts. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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136
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Herrmann KH, Schmidt S, Metzler M, Krumbein I, Gaser C, Witte OW, Reichenbach JR. Deformationsbasierte Extraktion von globalen und lokalen Volumenänderungen des Rattenhirn am klinischen 3 Tesla MRT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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137
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Gussew A, Rzanny R, Güllmar D, Scholle HC, Reichenbach JR. Erratum to “1H-MR spectroscopic detection of metabolic changes in pain processing brain regions in the presence of non-specific chronic low back pain” [NeuroImage 54/2 (2011) 1315–1323]. Neuroimage 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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138
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Koch K, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Schultz CC, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Neural activation and radial diffusivity in schizophrenia: combined fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging study. Br J Psychiatry 2011; 198:223-9. [PMID: 21357881 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with often widespread changes in white matter structure. Most studies have investigated changes in fractional anisotropy, whereas alterations in radial or axial diffusivity have barely been investigated until now. AIMS To investigate radial diffusivity as a potential marker of dysmyelination in direct relation to abnormalities in neural activation. METHOD Neural activation in association with decision-making under uncertainty was investigated in 19 people with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls and linked to radial diffusivity as measured by diffusion tensor imaging. RESULTS Decision-making under uncertainty was associated with a significantly decreased activation in a frontostriatocingulate network in the schizophrenia group. Structurally, they exhibited increased radial diffusivity in temporal white matter that was negatively correlated with activation in parts of the frontostriatocingulate network. CONCLUSIONS Present data indicate that altered diffusivity within relevant white matter networks may be closely linked to abnormal neural activation in schizophrenia.
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Schweser F, Deistung A, Lehr BW, Reichenbach JR. Differentiation between diamagnetic and paramagnetic cerebral lesions based on magnetic susceptibility mapping. Med Phys 2010; 37:5165-78. [PMID: 21089750 DOI: 10.1118/1.3481505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of calcifications and hemorrhages is essential for the etiological diagnosis of cerebral lesions. The purpose of this work was to develop a robust method for characterization of para- and diamagnetic intracerebral lesions based on clinical gradient-echo magnetic resonance phase data acquired at 1.5 Tesla. METHODS The magnetic susceptibility distribution of biological tissue produces a distinct magnetic field pattern, which is directly reflected in gradient-echo magnetic resonance phase images. Compared to brain parenchyma, iron-laden tissues are more paramagnetic, whereas mineralized tissues usually possess more diamagnetic susceptibilities. Magnetic resonance phase data were inverted to the underlying susceptibility distribution utilizing additional geometrical information about the lesions, which was obtained from the gradient-echo magnitude signal void corresponding to the lesions. Clinical magnetic resonance exams of three patients with multiple brain lesions (total n = 70) were processed and evaluated. For one patient, the results were validated by an additionally available computed tomography scan. Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the method. RESULTS The obtained susceptibility maps showed impressive delineation of lesions, vessels, and potentially iron-laden tissue. Compensation of the nonlocal field perturbations was clearly discernable on the susceptibility maps. In all cases, discrimination of para- from diamagnetic lesions was achieved and the results were confirmed by the additional computed tomography. The numerical simulations demonstrated that robust determination of the total magnetic moment of lesions is possible. Thus, the proposed method is able to yield quantitative values for the minimum magnetic susceptibility of lesions. CONCLUSIONS A method has been developed for noninvasive, semiautomatic characterization of brain lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging data. Initial clinical results demonstrated that the proposed technique can be applied to diagnosis of lesions with calcifications or hemorrhages. If confirmed by larger studies, it bears the potential to obviate the need for confirmation with computed tomography.
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Gussew A, Rzanny R, Güllmar D, Scholle HC, Reichenbach JR. WITHDRAWN: Erratum to "1H-MR spectroscopic detection of metabolic changes in pain processing brain regions in the presence of non-specific chronic low back pain" [NeuroImage 54/2 (2011) 1315-1323]. Neuroimage 2010:S1053-8119(10)01547-8. [PMID: 23583073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.069. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
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Schultz CC, Koch K, Wagner G, Roebel M, Nenadic I, Gaser C, Schachtzabel C, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Increased parahippocampal and lingual gyrification in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2010; 123:137-44. [PMID: 20850277 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral gyrification is attributed to a large extent to genetic and intrauterine/perinatal factors. Hence, investigating gyrification might offer important evidence for disturbed neurodevelopmental mechanisms in schizophrenia. As an extension of recent ROI analyses of gyrification in schizophrenia the present study is the first to compare on a node-by-node basis mean curvature as a sensitive parameter for the identification of local gyrification changes of the whole cortex in first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS A group of 54 patients with first-episode schizophrenia according to DSM-IV and 54 age and gender matched healthy control subjects were included. All participants underwent high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans on a 1.5 T scanner. Mean curvature was calculated dividing the sum of the principal curvatures by two at each point of the curved surface as implemented in the Freesurfer Software package. Statistical cortical maps were created to estimate gyrification differences between groups based on a clustering approach. RESULTS A significantly increased gyrification was observed in first-episode schizophrenia patients relative to controls in a right parahippocampal-lingual cortex area. The cluster encompassed a surface area of 750 mm². A further analysis of cortical thickness of this cluster demonstrated concurrent significant reduced cortical thickness of this area. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to reveal an aberrant gyrification of the medial surface in first-episode schizophrenia. This finding is in line with substantial evidence showing medial temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenia. The present morphometric data provide further support for an early disruption of cortical maturation in schizophrenia.
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Gussew A, Rzanny R, Güllmar D, Scholle HC, Reichenbach JR. 1H-MR spectroscopic detection of metabolic changes in pain processing brain regions in the presence of non-specific chronic low back pain. Neuroimage 2010; 54:1315-23. [PMID: 20869447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable detection of metabolic changes in the brain in vivo induced by chronic low back pain may provide improved understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the manifestation of chronic pain. In the present study, absolute concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) were measured in three different pain processing cortical regions (anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus) of ten patients with non-specific chronic low back pain by means of proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and compared to matched healthy controls. Significant decrease of Glu was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients. Patients also revealed a trend of decreasing Gln concentrations in all investigated brain areas. Reductions of NAA were observed in the patient group in anterior insula and in anterior cingulated cortex, whereas mI was reduced in anterior cingulated cortex and in thalamus of patients. Reduced concentrations of Glu and Gln may indicate disordered glutamatergic neurotransmission due to prolonged pain perception, whereas decrease of NAA and mI may be ascribed to neuron and glial cell loss. No significant changes were found for Cr. The morphological evaluation of anatomic brain data revealed a significantly decreased WM volume of 17% (p<0.05) as well as a non significant trend for GM volume increase in the anterior insula of patients.
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Koch K, Wagner G, Dahnke R, Schachtzabel C, Schultz C, Roebel M, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Disrupted white matter integrity of corticopontine-cerebellar circuitry in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260:419-26. [PMID: 19915989 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-009-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for white matter abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia is increasing. Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in interhemispheric commissural fibers as well as long-ranging fronto-parietal association fibers belongs to the most frequent findings. The present study used tract-based spatial statistics to investigate white matter integrity in 35 patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy volunteers. We found that patients exhibited significantly decreased FA relative to healthy subjects in the corpus callosum, the cerebral peduncle, the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the anterior thalamic radiation, the right posterior corona radiata, the middle cerebellar peduncle, and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus. Increased FA was detectable in the inferior sections of the corticopontine-cerebellar circuit. Present data indicate extended cortical-subcortical alterations of white matter integrity in schizophrenia using advanced data analysis strategies. They corroborate preceding findings of white matter structural deficits in mainly long-ranging association fibers and provide first evidence for neuroplastic changes in terms of an increased directionality in more inferior fiber tracts.
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Sedlacik J, Reichenbach JR. Validation of quantitative estimation of tissue oxygen extraction fraction and deoxygenated blood volume fraction in phantom and in vivo experiments by using MRI. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63:910-21. [PMID: 20373392 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The blood oxygenation level dependent signal of cerebral tissue can be theoretically derived using a network model formed by randomly oriented infinitely long cylinders. The validation of this model by phantom and in vivo experiments is still an object of research. A network phantom was constructed of solid polypropylene strings immersed in silicone oil, which essentially eliminated the effect of spin diffusion. The volume fraction and magnetic property of the string network was predetermined by independent methods. Ten healthy volunteers were measured for in vivo demonstration. The gradient echo sampled spin echo signal was evaluated with the cylinder network model. We found a strong interdependency between the two network characterizing parameters deoxygenated blood volume and oxygen extraction fraction. Here, different sets of deoxygenated blood volume/oxygen extraction fraction values were able to describe the measured signal equally well. However, by setting one parameter constant to a predetermined value, reasonable estimates of the other parameter were obtained. The same behavior was found for the in vivo demonstration. The signal theory of the cylinder network was validated by a well-characterized phantom. However, the found interdependency that was found between deoxygenated blood volume and oxygen extraction fraction requires an independent estimation of one variable to determine reliable values of the other parameter.
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Daniel R, Wagner G, Koch K, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Assessing the neural basis of uncertainty in perceptual category learning through varying levels of distortion. J Cogn Neurosci 2010; 23:1781-93. [PMID: 20617884 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new perceptual categories involves learning to extract that information from a wide range of often noisy sensory inputs, which is critical for selecting between a limited number of responses. To identify brain regions involved in visual classification learning under noisy conditions, we developed a task on the basis of the classical dot pattern prototype distortion task [M. I. Posner, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, 113-118, 1964]. Twenty-seven healthy young adults were required to assign distorted patterns of dots into one of two categories, each defined by its prototype. Categorization uncertainty was modulated parametrically by means of Shannon's entropy formula and set to the levels of 3, 7, and 8.5 bits/dot within subsets of the stimuli. Feedback was presented after each trial, and two parallel versions of the task were developed to contrast practiced and unpracticed performance within a single session. Using event-related fMRI, areas showing increasing activation with categorization uncertainty and decreasing activation with training were identified. Both networks largely overlapped and included areas involved in visuospatial processing (inferior temporal and posterior parietal areas), areas involved in cognitive processes requiring a high amount of cognitive control (posterior medial wall), and a cortico-striatal-thalamic loop through the body of the caudate nucleus. Activity in the medial prefrontal wall was increased when subjects received negative as compared with positive feedback, providing further evidence for its important role in mediating the error signal. This study characterizes the cortico-striatal network underlying the classification of distorted visual patterns that is directly related to decision uncertainty.
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Wagner G, Koch K, Schachtzabel C, Sobanski T, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RG. Differential effects of serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants on brain activity during a cognitive control task and neurofunctional prediction of treatment outcome in patients with depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2010; 35:247-57. [PMID: 20598238 PMCID: PMC2895155 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.090081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the differential effects of serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants on brain activation in patients with major depressive disorder during a Stroop task. We predicted that pretreatment hyperactivity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex would predict better treatment outcomes. METHODS In total, 20 patients underwent naturalistic open-label clinical treatment with citalopram (n = 12) or reboxetine (n = 8). We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS There were no significant group differences in clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes or baseline fMRI activations. The group by time interaction revealed significant voxels in the right amygdala-hippocampus complex (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected by use of the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus mask image as a small volume), indicating a posttreatment blood oxygen level- dependent signal decrease in the citalopram group. Pretreatment hyperactivity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex was not related to symptom improvement. LIMITATIONS Our study was a nonrandomized clinical trial. CONCLUSION These results indicate that serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants have a differential effect on brain activity, especially in the amygdala and hippocampus.
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147
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Renz DM, Hahn HK, Schmidt P, Rexilius J, Lentschig M, Pfeil A, Sauner D, Fitzek C, Mentzel HJ, Kaiser WA, Reichenbach JR, Böttcher J. Accuracy and reproducibility of a novel semi-automatic segmentation technique for MR volumetry of the pituitary gland. Neuroradiology 2010; 53:233-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-010-0727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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148
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Schultz CC, Koch K, Wagner G, Roebel M, Schachtzabel C, Nenadic I, Albrecht C, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Psychopathological correlates of the entorhinal cortical shape in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260:351-8. [PMID: 19898735 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-009-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal experiments have shown that early developmental lesions of the entorhinal cortex lead, after a prolonged interval, to an enhanced mesolimbic dopamine release and an increased locomotor activity in rats. Hence, disturbed shape of the entorhinal cortex might indicate maturational abnormalities relevant for psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. We used an automated surface-based MRI method to perform a region of interest analysis of entorhinal cortical surface area, folding and thickness in 59 patients with schizophrenia and 59 healthy controls. We postulated the entorhinal cortical surface area, folding index, and thickness to be significantly smaller in patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, we expected the complexity of the entorhinal cortical shape to be associated with psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Our ROI analysis showed a significant thinner left entorhinal cortex. In addition, our data demonstrate a positive correlation between left entorhinal cortical surface area and folding index and severity of psychotic symptoms. In conclusion, we present new evidence for the involvement of the entorhinal cortex in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. As cortical folding is a stable neuroanatomical parameter terminated in early neonatal stages, our data give reason to assume that the vulnerability to develop psychotic symptoms might be manifest at an early level of brain maturation.
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Jochimsen TH, Ivanov D, Ott DV, Heinke W, Turner R, Möller HE, Reichenbach JR. Whole-brain mapping of venous vessel size in humans using the hypercapnia-induced BOLD effect. Neuroimage 2010; 51:765-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Schultz CC, Koch K, Wagner G, Roebel M, Nenadic I, Schachtzabel C, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Complex pattern of cortical thinning in schizophrenia: results from an automated surface based analysis of cortical thickness. Psychiatry Res 2010; 182:134-40. [PMID: 20418074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence from structural brain imaging studies suggests that patients with schizophrenia have significant alterations of gray matter density. Additionally, recently developed surface-based analysis approaches demonstrate reduced cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia. However, the number of studies employing this relatively new method is still limited. Specifically, little is known about changes in cortical thickness in schizophrenia patients whose duration of illness is relatively short. Therefore, the present study sought to examine cortical thickness in a large sample of patients with adult onset schizophrenia and an average duration of illness of 4.4 years, using an automated analysis method over the entire cortex. A significantly decreased cortical thickness in prefrontal and temporolimbic regions as well as parieto-occipital cortical areas was hypothesized. A sample of 58 patients with schizophrenia and 58 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was investigated using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an automated algorithm for extraction of the cortical surface in order to assess local cortical thinning across the entire cerebrum. Significant reduction of cortical thickness in schizophrenia was found in a spatially complex pattern of focal anatomical regions. This pattern comprised the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortices, left entorhinal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and lingual cortex, bilaterally. A complex fronto-temporo-parietal pattern of reduced cortical thickness in schizophrenia was observed. This pattern is consistent with a disruption of neurofunctional networks previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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