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Shukla A, Jackson C, Scott K, Raman R. An improved-performance liquid-feed solid-polymer-electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell operating at near-ambient conditions. Electrochim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ough EA, Lewis BJ, Andrews WS, Bennett LGI, Hancock RGV, Scott K. An examination of uranium levels in Canadian forces personnel who served in the Gulf War and Kosovo. HEALTH PHYSICS 2002; 82:527-532. [PMID: 11908516 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200204000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A uranium bioassay program was conducted involving 103 active and retired Canadian Forces personnel. The total uranium concentrations in each of two 24-h urine collections were analyzed separately at independent commercial laboratories by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The mean and median concentrations were determined to be 4.5 ng L(-1) and 2.8 ng L(-1), respectively, from ICP-MS and 17 ng L(-1) and 15 ng L(-1), respectively, from INAA. The total uranium concentrations were sufficiently low so that isotopic (238U:235U ratio) assays could not be performed directly from urine samples. Isotopic assays were performed on hair samples from 19 of the veterans participating in the testing. The isotopic hair assays were scattered around the natural 238U:235U ratio of 137.8, ranging from 122 +/- 21 to 145 +/- 16 (1sigma). Due to concern expressed in the media over possible depleted uranium exposure and long-term retention in bone, a single bone sample (vertebrate bone marrow) from a deceased member of the Canadian Forces was also analyzed for total uranium content and isotopic ratio by ICP-MS. The sample was shown to have 16.0 +/- 0.3 microg kg(-1) uranium by dry weight and a 238U:238U isotopic ratio of 138 +/- 4, consistent with natural uranium.
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Burgess DE, Woodman CB, Flavell KJ, Rowlands DC, Crocker J, Scott K, Biddulph JP, Young LS, Murray PG. Low prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in incident gastric adenocarcinomas from the United Kingdom. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:702-4. [PMID: 11875729 PMCID: PMC2375309 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2001] [Accepted: 12/04/2001] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with a proportion of typical gastric adenocarcinomas. Here we report that the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric adenocarcinomas from the United Kingdom is one of the lowest in the World. Gastric adenocarcinoma is another tumour whose association with Epstein-Barr virus varies with the population studied.
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Simoglou A, Argyropoulos P, Martin E, Scott K, Morris A, Taama W. Dynamic modelling of the voltage response of direct methanol fuel cells and stacks Part I: Model development and validation. Chem Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McClelland M, Sanderson KE, Spieth J, Clifton SW, Latreille P, Courtney L, Porwollik S, Ali J, Dante M, Du F, Hou S, Layman D, Leonard S, Nguyen C, Scott K, Holmes A, Grewal N, Mulvaney E, Ryan E, Sun H, Florea L, Miller W, Stoneking T, Nhan M, Waterston R, Wilson RK. Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. Nature 2001; 413:852-6. [PMID: 11677609 DOI: 10.1038/35101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1409] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies I, serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis, and is used as a mouse model of human typhoid fever. The incidence of non-typhoid salmonellosis is increasing worldwide, causing millions of infections and many deaths in the human population each year. Here we sequenced the 4,857-kilobase (kb) chromosome and 94-kb virulence plasmid of S. typhimurium strain LT2. The distribution of close homologues of S. typhimurium LT2 genes in eight related enterobacteria was determined using previously completed genomes of three related bacteria, sample sequencing of both S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and hybridization of three unsequenced genomes to a microarray of S. typhimurium LT2 genes. Lateral transfer of genes is frequent, with 11% of the S. typhimurium LT2 genes missing from S. enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi), and 29% missing from Escherichia coli K12. The 352 gene homologues of S. typhimurium LT2 confined to subspecies I of S. enterica-containing most mammalian and bird pathogens-are useful for studies of epidemiology, host specificity and pathogenesis. Most of these homologues were previously unknown, and 50 may be exported to the periplasm or outer membrane, rendering them accessible as therapeutic or vaccine targets.
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Purandare N, Burns A, Craig S, Faragher B, Scott K. Depressive symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16:960-4. [PMID: 11607939 DOI: 10.1002/gps.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A comparison was made between the depressive symptom profiles of thirty patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who did not have co-existing depression and thirty patients with major depression who did not have co-existing dementia. The main objective was to identify symptoms common to both disorders and those which may be able to differentiate AD from major depression. METHOD A sample of patients suffering from either AD (n = 30) or major depression (n = 30) were recruited from a specialist old age psychiatry service. Depressive symptoms were profiled using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS Depressive symptoms were present in AD in the absence of coexistent major depression. Certain depressive symptoms from all the three scales such as sadness, diurnal variation in mood and early or late insomnia were able to differentiate the two disorders with almost 90% accuracy while symptoms such as irritability, retardation and weight loss were common to both and were unable to differentiate the two. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms occur in AD when co-existing depression is ruled out. Their recognition has implications for the diagnosis of major depression in these patients.
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Kolár Z, Murray P, Ehrmann J, Riháková P, Constandinou C, Scott K, Vojtĕsek R, Keily AM, Kod'ousek R. [Apoptosis of H/RS cells in relation to expression of cell cycle proteins and EBV infection in patients with malignant lymphogranuloma]. CESKOSLOVENSKA PATOLOGIE 2001; 37:123-4. [PMID: 11669022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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Wolfe DA, Scott K, Reitzel-Jaffe D, Wekerle C, Grasley C, Straatman AL. Development and validation of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory. Psychol Assess 2001; 13:277-93. [PMID: 11433803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Four studies examined the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI), a measure of abusive behavior among adolescent dating partners. Exploratory factor analysis was used to refine items based on high school participants with dating experience (N = 393; 49% female). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to derive and cross-validate the factor structure with participants from 10 high schools (N = 1,019, 55% female; ages 14-16). The model structure fit for all grades and both sexes, with physical abuse, verbal abuse, and threatening behavior most representative of the underlying "abuse" factor. In Studies 3 and 4, the second-order abuse factor showed acceptable test-retest reliability, partner agreement, and correlation (significant for males only) between observer ratings of dating partners' interactions and youths' CADRI scores. Results support the CADRI as a measure of abusive behavior in adolescent dating relationships.
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Sun Y, Qiu O, Xu W, Scott K. A study of the performance of a sparged packed bed electrode reactor for the direct electrochemical oxidation of propylene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Scott K, Brady R, Cravchik A, Morozov P, Rzhetsky A, Zuker C, Axel R. A chemosensory gene family encoding candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in Drosophila. Cell 2001; 104:661-73. [PMID: 11257221 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of candidate gustatory receptors (GRs) was recently identified in searches of the Drosophila genome. We have performed in situ hybridization and transgene experiments that reveal expression of these genes in both gustatory and olfactory neurons in adult flies and larvae. This gene family is likely to encode both odorant and taste receptors. We have visualized the projections of chemosensory neurons in the larval brain and observe that neurons expressing different GRs project to discrete loci in the antennal lobe and subesophageal ganglion. These data provide insight into the diversity of chemosensory recognition and an initial view of the representation of gustatory information in the fly brain.
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Wolfe DA, Scott K, Wekerle C, Pittman AL. Child maltreatment: risk of adjustment problems and dating violence in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40:282-9. [PMID: 11288769 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200103000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between child maltreatment, clinically relevant adjustment problems, and dating violence in a community sample of adolescents. METHOD Adolescents from 10 high schools (N= 1,419; response rate = 62%) in southwestern Ontario completed questionnaires that assessed past maltreatment, current adjustment, and dating violence. Logistic regression was used to compare maltreated and nonmaltreated youths across outcome domains. RESULTS One third (n = 462) of the school sample reported levels of maltreatment above the cutoff score on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Girls with a history of maltreatment had a higher risk of emotional distress compared with girls without such histories (e.g., odds ratios [OR] for anger, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress-related problems were 7.1, 7.2, 9.3, and 9.8, respectively). They were also at greater risk of violent and nonviolent delinquency (OR = 2.7) and carrying concealed weapons (OR = 7.1). Boys with histories of maltreatment were 2.5 to 3.5 times as likely to report clinical levels of depression, posttraumatic stress, and overt dissociation as were boys without a maltreatment history. They also had a significantly greater risk of using threatening behaviors (OR = 2.8) or physical abuse (OR = 3.4) against their dating partners. CONCLUSIONS Maltreatment is a significant risk factor for adolescent maladjustment and shows a differential pattern for male and female adolescents.
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Sundmacher K, Schultz T, Zhou S, Scott K, Ginkel M, Gilles E. Dynamics of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC): experiments and model-based analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grigoropoulou G, Clark JH, Hall DW, Scott K. The selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols in a membrane reactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2001. [DOI: 10.1039/b009178m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Polsky D, Willke RJ, Scott K, Schulman KA, Glick HA. A comparison of scoring weights for the EuroQol derived from patients and the general public. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2001; 10:27-37. [PMID: 11180567 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1050(200101)10:1<27::aid-hec561>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE General health state classification systems, such as the EuroQol instrument, have been developed to improve the systematic measurement and comparability of health state preferences. In this paper we generate valuations for EuroQol health states using responses to this instrument's visual analogue scale made by patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial evaluating tirilazad mesylate, a new drug used to treat subarachnoid haemorrhage. We then compare these valuations derived from patients with published valuations derived from responses made by a sample from the general public. METHODS The data were derived from two sources: (1) responses to the EuroQol instrument from 649 patients 3 months after enrollment in the clinical trial, and (2) from a published study reporting a scoring rule for the EuroQol instrument that was based upon responses made by the general public. We used a linear regression model to develop an additive scoring rule. This rule enables direct valuation of all 243 EuroQol health states using patients' scores for their own health states elicited using a visual analogue scale. We then compared predicted scores generated using our scoring rule with predicted scores derived from a sample from the general public. RESULTS The predicted scores derived using the additive scoring rules met convergent validity criteria and explained a substantial amount of the variation in visual analogue scale scores (R(2)=0.57). In the pairwise comparison of the predicted scores derived from the study sample with those derived from the general public, we found that the former set of scores were higher for 223 of the 243 states. Despite the low level of correspondence in the pairwise comparison, the overall correlation between the two sets of scores was 87%. CONCLUSIONS The model presented in this paper demonstrated that scoring weights for the EuroQol instrument can be derived directly from patient responses from a clinical trial and that these weights can explain a substantial amount of variation in health valuations. Scoring weights based on patient responses are significantly higher than those derived from the general public. Further research is required to understand the source of these differences.
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Elliott JE, Jeong IS, Scott K, Donovan KJ, Wilson EG. Bimolecular recombination quenching in Langmuir Blodgett multilayers. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1312868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jeong IS, Scott K, Donovan KJ, Wilson EG. On the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the interwell electron tunneling rate in quasi two dimensional organic quantum wells. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1312870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Donovan KJ, Elliott JE, Jeong IS, Scott K, Wilson EG. Influence of electric field on interwell tunneling rate in quasi two dimensional organic quantum wells. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1312869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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