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Fan K. On a Theorem of Weyl Concerning Eigenvalues of Linear Transformations: II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 36:31-5. [PMID: 16588943 PMCID: PMC1063126 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.36.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Cameron M, Visavadia B, Heliotis M, Shelley M, Cascarini L, Kumar M, Fan K, Mills C, Swinson B, Hodges S, Bridle C, Walsh S, Leiw C, Coombes D, Shah N, Norris P, McKenzie J, Collyer J, Antscherl J, Bisase B, Chin-Shong D. OMFS training revisited. Br Dent J 2006; 200:361-2; author reply 361-2. [PMID: 16607299 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4813448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kuo T, Fan K, Kuochen H, Han Y, Chu H, Lee Y. Anomalous decrease in groundwater radon before the Taiwan M6.8 Chengkung earthquake. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2006; 88:101-6. [PMID: 16533545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2005] [Revised: 12/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
On December 10, 2003, an earthquake of magnitude (M) 6.8, the strongest since 1951, occurred near the Chengkung area in eastern Taiwan. Approximately 65 d prior to the 2003 Chengkung earthquake, precursory changes in the groundwater radon concentration were observed at the Antung radon-monitoring station located 20 km from the epicenter. The radon anomaly was a decrease from a background level of 28.9 BqL(-1) to a minimum of 12.2 BqL(-1). Observations at the Antung hot spring suggest that the groundwater radon, when observed under suitable geological conditions, can be a sensitive tracer for strain changes in the crust preceding an earthquake.
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Fan K, Chau E, Chiu CSW. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mid ventricular obstruction, apical infarction and aneurysm formation. Heart 2005; 91:e42. [PMID: 15831627 PMCID: PMC1768902 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2004.055632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Fan K, Pathak M, Zhou M, Lindner D, Borden E, Yi T. 335 SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase as a target molecule in anti-tumor immune therapies: SHP-1 inhibitor SSG interacts withIL-2 to increase anti-murine renal tumor immunity. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Holt PR, Arber N, Halmos B, Forde K, Kissileff H, McGlynn KA, Moss SF, Kurihara N, Fan K, Yang K, Lipkin M. Colonic epithelial cell proliferation decreases with increasing levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002; 11:113-9. [PMID: 11815408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests a potential role for vitamin D in colon cancer prevention. Vitamin D, absorbed from the intestine or derived from solar ultraviolet light, is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D(3)). Previous studies examining effects of vitamin D upon carcinogenesis have focused upon the active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2) D(3)], which interacts with nuclear vitamin D receptors in several organs. Until recently, the metabolism of 25-OH D(3) to 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) was believed to occur only in the kidney, but more recent studies have shown that 25-OH D(3) conversion to 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) can occur in other tissues. We examined the association between fasting levels of 25-OH D(3), 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3), and BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene with indices of colonic epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in a chemoprevention study, after giving vitamin D or calcium and taking rectal biopsies that were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine. Vitamin D receptor polymorphism was determined by genotyping of the 3' BsmI polymorphism in intron eight of the VDR gene. No significant changes in cell proliferation or in differentiation were found in subjects between study start and end. However, fasting serum levels of 25-OH D(3) showed a highly significant decrease with whole crypt labeling index and the size of the proliferative compartment (phi h). There was no correlation between serum levels of 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) and the proliferative parameters. Calcium supplementation induced a significant effect upon the relationship between serum 25-OH D(3) and rectal epithelial cell labeling index and phi h when studied by covariance analysis without a relationship with 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) levels. VDR genotype did not influence the effects of serum 25-OH D(3) or serum 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) levels upon proliferation. These data suggest that there might be a local effect of 25-OH D(3) on colonic epithelial cells through conversion of 25-OH D(3) to 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3). Subsequent studies have demonstrated the presence of 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA in normal colorectal epithelium and in colorectal cancer. Thus, vitamin D may have an important role in determining the effects of calcium on colorectal epithelial proliferation and may explain some of the discrepancies found previously in studies that examine the direct role of calcium on the colorectal epithelium.
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Harris SA, Franklin I, Fan K, Ray SA. Vascular 04. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.89.s.1.10_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yeh YA, Wang JW, Fan CY, MacLeod SL, Fan K. Expression of fas ligand in metastatic prostatic carcinoma: suggestive of possible clonal expansion of subpopulation with metastatic potential. DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 2001; 10:236-41. [PMID: 11763314 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-200112000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL) is a type II transmembrane tumor necrosis factor family protein, known to trigger apoptosis in cells that bear the FasL receptor, Fas. The authors found that normal prostate, benign hyperplasia, and most prostatic carcinoma cells at the primary site did not express FasL, whereas metastatic prostatic carcinoma cells in lymph nodes and bone marrow displayed almost uniform, immunohistochemically detectable, FasL expression. However, small foci of FasL-positive prostatic carcinoma cells amid a vast majority of FasL-negative tumor cells were noted at the primary sites in patients with distant metastases. Analysis of the FasL gene and its mRNA by polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively, suggested that the expression of immunohistochemically detectable FasL in metastatic tumor cells was not due to mutation in the FasL gene with resulting overexpression. Further, FasL expression was detectable in the acinar epithelial cells of prostates with morphologic atrophic changes, suggesting that FasL also plays a role in the physiologic apoptosis process of noncancerous prostate. The current data suggest that a subpopulation of prostate carcinoma cells clonally expresses FasL, and this subpopulation may have metastatic potential. Evaluation of FasL expression in the primary tumor thus may provide a useful parameter for predicting metastatic potential of the tumor.
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Newmark HL, Yang K, Lipkin M, Kopelovich L, Liu Y, Fan K, Shinozaki H. A Western-style diet induces benign and malignant neoplasms in the colon of normal C57Bl/6 mice. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1871-5. [PMID: 11698351 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.11.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin D and folic acid have been suggested as risk factors for human colon cancer. We previously fed a Western-style diet (WD) containing reduced calcium, vitamin D and increased fat content to normal C57/Bl6 mice: hyperproliferation, hyperplasia and whole crypt dysplasias developed in the colon following WD administration. Utilizing the same diet, we now also decreased the levels of several nutrients that are required for biochemical reactions involving methyl group inadequacy, i.e. folic acid, methionine, choline and vitamin B(12). Dietary levels of these nutrients were reduced to nutrient-density levels approximating those consumed by large segments of human Western populations. This further modification of the WD resulted in adenoma and carcinoma development in normal mouse colon (P < 0.04 compared with AIN-76A diet). The results indicate, for the first time, that a semi-purified rodent diet designed to mimic the human Western diet can induce colonic tumors in normal mice without carcinogen exposure.
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Kuraguchi M, Yang K, Wong E, Avdievich E, Fan K, Kolodner RD, Lipkin M, Brown AM, Kucherlapati R, Edelmann W. The distinct spectra of tumor-associated Apc mutations in mismatch repair-deficient Apc1638N mice define the roles of MSH3 and MSH6 in DNA repair and intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2001; 61:7934-42. [PMID: 11691815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, mismatch recognition has been attributed to two partially redundant heterodimeric protein complexes of MutS homologues, MSH2-MSH3 and MSH2-MSH6. We have conducted a comparative analysis of Msh3 and Msh6 deficiency in mouse intestinal tumorigenesis by generating Apc1638N mice deficient in Msh3, Msh6 or both. We have found that Apc1638N mice defective in Msh6 show reduced survival and a 6-7-fold increase in intestinal tumor multiplicity. In contrast, Msh3-deficient Apc1638N mice showed no difference in survival and intestinal tumor multiplicity as compared with Apc1638N mice. However, when Msh3 deficiency is combined with Msh6 deficiency (Msh3(-/-)Msh6(-/-)Apc1638N), the survival rate of the mice was further reduced compared to Msh6(-/-)Apc(1638N) mice because of a high multiplicity of intestinal tumors at a younger age. Almost 90% of the intestinal tumors from both Msh6(-/-)Apc1638N and Msh3(-/-)Msh6(-/-)Apc1638N mice contained truncation mutations in the wild-type Apc allele. Apc mutations in Msh6(-/-)Apc1638N mice consisted predominantly of base substitutions (93%) creating stop codons, consistent with a major role for Msh6 in the repair of base-base mismatches. However, in Msh3(-/-)Msh6(-/-)Apc1638N tumors, we observed a mixture of base substitutions (46%) and frameshifts (54%), indicating that in Msh6(-/-)Apc1638N mice frameshift mutations in the Apc gene were suppressed by Msh3. Interestingly, all except one of the Apc mutations detected in mismatch repair-deficient intestinal tumors were located upstream of the third 20-amino acid beta-catenin binding repeat and before all of the Ser-Ala-Met-Pro repeats, suggesting that there is selection for loss of multiple domains involved in beta-catenin regulation. Our analysis therefore has revealed distinct mutational spectra and clarified the roles of Msh3 and Msh6 in DNA repair and intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Fan K, Wang J, Wang W. Modeling two-state cooperativity in protein folding. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:041907. [PMID: 11690052 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.041907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2001] [Revised: 06/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A protein model with the pairwise interaction energies varying as the local environment changes, i.e., including some kind of collective effect between the contacts, is proposed. Lattice Monte Carlo simulations on the thermodynamical characteristics and free energy profile show a well-defined two-state behavior and cooperativity of folding for such a model. As a comparison, related simulations for the usual G&o model, where the interaction energies are independent of the local conformation, are also made. Our results indicate that the evolution of interactions during the folding process plays an important role in the two-state cooperativity in protein folding.
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Lee CH, Kwok OH, Fan K, Chau E, Yip A, Chow WH. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect using Amplatzer septal occluder in Chinese adults. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 53:373-7. [PMID: 11458417 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amplatzer septal occluder (AGA Med. Co., USA) is a novel device for occlusion of atrial septal defect. We present our experience of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects using Amplatzer septal occluder in 45 adult Chinese patients (age range 18-69 years). The size of atrial septal defect varied from 14-28 (23 +/- 4) mm. Cardiac catheterization revealed a pulmonary-to-systemic shunt ratio ranging from 1.4-2.8 (mean 2.0 +/- 0.4). The procedure was successful in 44 (98%) patients. Displacement of the device requiring surgical removal occurred in one (2%) patient and minor wound complication occurred in two (4%) patients. Total procedure time was 67 +/- 16 minutes and the fluoroscopy time was 25 +/- 8 min. Immediate post-procedure and pre-discharge echocardiography revealed complete abolition of shunt in 42 (93%) and trivial residual shunt in 3 (7%) patients. The average follow-up period was 16 +/- 6 months (range 2 months to 3 years) months. None of the patients had developed other major complication at follow-up. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:373-377.
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Fan K, Ouyang P, Wu X, Lu Z. A model of interfacial inactivation for papain in aqueous organic biphasic systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:3-7. [PMID: 11118592 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A model was proposed to describe the effects of the main factors in aqueous-organic two-liquid-phase media on the stability of papain. The relationships between the half-life of papain activity and these factors including interfacial tension, stirring rate, phase volume ratio and temperature were investigated. The results showed that these factors had notable effects on papain stability except temperature. The correlation coefficient between the model and the experimental data were 0.829, which indicated the model is practicable.
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Shi Q, Zhang T, Xue Q, Fan K, Sun G, Yan X, Shou B, Yu B. Clinicopathologic study of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary gland. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:44-7. [PMID: 11779434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the histopathologic features and pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT-oma) of salivary glands. METHODS Clinical data, paraffin-embedded sections, immunohistochemical slides (SP method) and electron microscopic features of surgical specimens of 32 cases of salivary gland MALT-oma were studied. RESULTS The patients were 27 males and 5 females, with a mean age of 54.76 years. The lesions were located in the parotid area in 17 cases, and in the submandibular gland in the remaining 15 cases. Much of the MALT-oma was replaced by infiltration of a great amount of centrocyte-like cells (CCL) as background and occasional large cells (centroblast- or immunoblast-like). In MALT-omas "lymphoepithelial lesions" were present. Immunohistochemically, CD20 expression was found to be positive and CD45RO expression was negative in all MALT-omas. CONCLUSION Most of the MALT-omas are low grade malignant tumors and have a "homing back" phenomenon. The cases were managed by surgery and chemotherapy. In a few MALT-omas which turned into high grade malignant tumors, the prognosis was poor. Acquired MALT may develop as a reaction to autoimmune disease and infection. Hyper-immune reaction and MALT hyperplasia under stimulation may result in myoepithelial sialadenitis and lead to MALT-oma of the salivary gland.
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Fan K, Sevoian M, Gonzales D. Instability studies of porcine somatotropin in aqueous solutions and the possible reagents for its stabilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:5685-5691. [PMID: 11087539 DOI: 10.1021/jf990801p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The instability of porcine somatotropin (pST) in various solutions and possible stabilization of the hormone by sugars and mild detergents were studied. Aggregation and decomposition of the hormone molecules in various pH solutions and under presence of sugar or detergent were monitored by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). The pST is a very unstable hormone in an aqueous environment. It was found in this project that the peptide hormone underwent aggregation or decomposition quickly in acidic and alkaline solutions but slowly in neutral pH solutions. High losses of pST monomers were seen in concentrated solutions of the hormone. On the other hand, pST monomers were stabilized to a certain degree in glucose solutions and at a low concentration of urea. These results should facilitate the development of efficient controlled-release systems which are essential for commercializing porcine somatotropin.
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Fan K, Fan D, Cheng LF, Li C. Expression of multidrug resistance-related markers in gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:4809-14. [PMID: 11205224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To detect the expression of glutathione S-transferase Pi(GST-pi), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), lung-resistance protein(LRP), multidrug resistance gene1 (MDR1) and MGr1 antigen(MGr1-Ag) in the patients with primary gastric cancer and without any prior chemotherapy and to evaluate the correlations between them. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of GST-pi, MRP, LRP and MDR1 in cancer tissue and the adjacent non-cancerous tissue from 50 patients was examined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of MGr1-Ag in these tissues was also examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The positive rate of GST-pi mRNA, MRP mRNA, LRP mRNA, MDR1mRNA and MGr1-Ag in gastric cancer tissue was 36.00%, 12.00%, 10.00%, 10.00% and 18.00% respectively. The overall positive rate of their expression was 58.00%. Clinicopathological factors were not significantly related to their expression. No significant correlation was observed between these markers. CONCLUSION These MDR markers are differently over-expressed and no coexpression exists in gastric cancer. MGr1-Ag was a novel MDR protein.
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Lau CP, Yu CM, Chau E, Fan K, Tse HF, Lee K, Tang MO, Wan SH, Law TC, Lee PY, Lam YM, Hill MR. Reversal of left ventricular remodeling by synchronous biventricular pacing in heart failure. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2000; 23:1722-5. [PMID: 11139909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2000.tb07004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synchronous biventricular pacing is a new nonpharmacological supplemental treatment of advanced heart failure associated with electromechanical conduction delay. However, the role of pacing on left ventricular remodeling is unknown. Eleven patients with New York Heart Association Class III to IV heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%, and a QRS duration > or = 140 ms received a biventricular dual chamber pacemaker. Serial echocardiography, 6-minute hall walk, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaire were performed before and after up to 3 months of pacing. At 3 months there was a significant increase in fractional shortening (P < 0.001), ejection fraction (P < 0.001), and cardiac output (P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (245 +/- 70 vs 185 +/- 37 mL, P < 0.05), end-systolic volume (209 +/- 69 vs 140 +/- 44 mL P < 0.05), and mitral regurgitation were reduced (P < 0.05), and diastolic filling time was lengthened (P < 0.05). There were also improvements in heart failure symptoms, an increase in 6-minute walk distance, and a decrease in QOL scores. Synchronous biventricular pacing for 3 months was associated with hemodynamic improvements, reversal of left ventricular remodeling, and increase in left ventricular systolic function, and a decrease in secondary mitral regurgitation.
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Yang K, Lamprecht SA, Liu Y, Shinozaki H, Fan K, Leung D, Newmark H, Steele VE, Kelloff GJ, Lipkin M. Chemoprevention studies of the flavonoids quercetin and rutin in normal and azoxymethane-treated mouse colon. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:1655-60. [PMID: 10964096 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.9.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the chemopreventive effects of quercetin and rutin when added to standard AIN-76A diet and fed to normal and azoxymethane (AOM)-treated mice. Early changes in colonic mucosa were analyzed, including colonic cell proliferation, apoptotic cell death, cyclin D(1) expression and focal areas of dysplasia (FAD). The findings show that the number of colonic epithelial cells per crypt column increased (P: < 0.01) in each normal mouse group fed the flavonoids; AOM administration increased colonic crypt cell proliferation and resulted in a marked rise of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells in the lower proliferative zone of the crypt. Both supplementary dietary quercetin and rutin increased the apoptotic index and caused a redistribution of apoptotic cells along the crypt axis in normal mice fed a standard AIN-76A diet. The number of apoptotic cells/column and apoptotic indices markedly increased (P: < 0.01) in the AOM-treated group compared with untreated animals; apoptotic cells expanded throughout the colonic crypts after flavonoid supplementation and AOM administration. Positive cyclin D(1) expression was detected in mice on diets supplemented either with quercetin (P: < 0.01) or rutin (P: < 0.05). AOM administration resulted in the formation of FAD. Both the number of mice exhibiting FAD and the total numer of FAD observed were significantly reduced (P: < 0.01) in AOM-treated animals fed flavonoids compared with mice maintained on the standard AIN-76A diet. Surprisingly, however, quercetin alone was able to induce FAD in 22% of normal mice fed the standard AIN-76A diet.
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Fan K, Lee KL, Chiu CS, Lee JW, He GW, Cheung D, Sun MP, Lau CP. Effects of biatrial pacing in prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 2000; 102:755-60. [PMID: 10942743 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.102.7.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and results in prolonged hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biatrial pacing in preventing post-CABG AF compared with single-site atrial pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 132 patients who had no history of AF and who underwent CABG were randomized to 1 of the following 4 groups: biatrial pacing (BiA), left atrial pacing (LA), right atrial pacing (RA), or no pacing (control) in postoperative period. Overdrive atrial pacing was performed for 5 days. The incidence of AF was significantly reduced in the BiA group (12.5%) compared with the other 3 groups (LA, 36.4%; RA, 33.3%; control, 41. 9%; P<0.05). The mean length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in the BiA group. At baseline, the mean P-wave duration (P(dur)) and dispersion (P(dis)) were not prolonged. BiA pacing resulted in the most significant percentage of reduction in P(dis) when compared with the LA or RA groups (BiA, 42+/-8%; LA, 13+/-6%; RA, 10+/-9%; P<0.05 for BiA versus LA or RA). No significant differences existed in mean P(dur) and P(dis) between patients who developed AF and those who remained in sinus rhythm at baseline. However, only those patients who remained in sinus rhythm had a significant reduction in mean P(dur) and P(dis) after pacing therapy. CONCLUSIONS Biatrial overdrive pacing is more effective in preventing post-CABG AF than single-site atrial pacing; this therapy also results in a shortened hospital stay. The overall reduction in atrial activation time with BiA pacing was reflected in the reduction in P(dis).
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Lee KL, Lau CP, Tse HF, Wan SH, Fan K. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation by pacing in a man with Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000; 11:935-7. [PMID: 10969759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The unique ECG appearance of Brugada syndrome is caused by failure of the dome of the action potential to develop. It occurs when the outward currents (mainly Ito) overwhelm the inward currents (mainly Ica) at the end of phase 1 of the action potential. Because Ito becomes less prominent at a faster rate, increased heart rate is associated with decreased ST segment elevation on ECG and probably decreased incidence of ventricular arrhythmia. We present the first report on prevention of ventricular fibrillation in a man with Brugada syndrome by overdrive pacing from his dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
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Lipkin M, Yang K, Edelmann W, Xue L, Fan K, Risio M, Newmark H, Kucherlapati R. Preclinical mouse models for cancer chemoprevention studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 889:14-9. [PMID: 10668478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To aid in identifying the ability of chemopreventive agents to inhibit tumor development, new preclinical in vivo rodent models have recently been developed. Some of the models contain targeted mutations capable of increasing the incidence and progression of neoplastic lesions, whereas in other models dietary nutrients induce preneoplastic lesions in normal mice. These new preclinical models are assisting the analysis of genetic and environmental factors leading to neoplasia, and clinical studies to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of specific nutrients and pharmacological agents.
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Edelmann W, Umar A, Yang K, Heyer J, Kucherlapati M, Lia M, Kneitz B, Avdievich E, Fan K, Wong E, Crouse G, Kunkel T, Lipkin M, Kolodner RD, Kucherlapati R. The DNA mismatch repair genes Msh3 and Msh6 cooperate in intestinal tumor suppression. Cancer Res 2000; 60:803-7. [PMID: 10706084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Repair of mismatches in DNA in mammalian cells is mediated by a complex of proteins that are members of two highly conserved families of genes referred to as MutS and MutL homologues. Germline mutations in several members of these families, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2, but not MSH3, are responsible for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. To examine the role of MSH3, we generated a mouse with a null mutation in this gene. Cells from Msh3-/- mice are defective in repair of insertion/ deletion mismatches but can repair base-base mismatches. Msh3-/- mice develop tumors at a late age. When the Msh3-/- and Msh6-/- mutations are combined, the tumor predisposition phenotype is indistinguishable from Msh2-/- or Mlh1-/- mice. These results suggest that MSH3 cooperates with MSH6 in tumor suppression.
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Shi Q, Fan K, Chen H. Localized amyloidosis of cervical lymph nodes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2000; 113:184-5. [PMID: 11775550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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Liu M, Chow WH, Kwok OH, Jim MH, Yip A, Fan K, Chan E. Treatment of in-stent coronary restenosis with excimer laser angioplasty. Chin Med J (Engl) 2000; 113:14-7. [PMID: 11775201 DOI: 10.3901/jme.2000.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) with adjunctive balloon angioplasty in patient with in-stent restenosis. METHODS ELCA was performed in 20 patients of instent restenosis. All patients were symptomatic and had class III-IV angina. ELCA was performed with the Spectranetics CVX-300 System. The laser catheter of Vittesse C (concentric) and E (eccentric) with diameter of 1.4-2.0 mm was used. RESULTS Laser catheter crossed all stenotic stents without difficulty. The lesion length was 4.6-51.2 mm, mean 20.7 +/- 13.7 mm, including 14 lesions > 10 mm. Laser treatment alone increased minimal lumen diameter (MLD) from 0.3 +/- 0.3 mm to 1.4 +/- 0.3 mm (P < 0.0001) and improved the diameter stenosis from 88.8% +/- 10.0% to 46.0% +/- 8.0% (P < 0.0001). Adjunctive balloon angioplasty further increased minimal lumen diameter to 2.3 +/- 0.7 mm and reduced diameter stenosis to 14.2% +/- 8.2% (P < 0.0001). At follow-up (1-17 months, mean 8.9 +/- 5.7 months), 17 (85%) patients had remained asymptomatic, 3 (15%) patients had mild to moderate exertional angina, 1 (5%) patient received CABG. CONCLUSION ELCA with adjunctive percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is an efficient and safe technique to debulk tissue in the patient with in-stent restenosis. The incidence of procedural related complication was low and ELCA may be used as a good method for in-stent restenosis treatment.
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