126
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Martin DW, Naughton JL, Smith LH. Schistosomiasis: recent developments in immunology and treatment. West J Med 1980; 133:49-56. [PMID: 7222647 PMCID: PMC1272187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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127
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Lufkin EG, Wilson DM, Smith LH, Bill NJ, DeLuca HF, Dousa TP, Knox FG. Phosphorus excretion in tumoral calcinosis: response to parathyroid hormone and acetazolamide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50:648-53. [PMID: 7364922 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-50-4-648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cause of hyperphosphatemia in patients with tumoral calcinosis never been explained. We studied two related patients who had tumoral calcinosis and hyperphosphatemia and two normal controls to determine their renal tubular response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and acetazolamide (ACZ). During baseline periods, the patients had abnormally low fractional excretion of phosphorus (FEP) despite their hyperphosphatemia. Values for patients were 0.114 and 0.128; for controls, values were 0.193 and 0.165. PTH caused an increase in FEP and urinary cAMP in both patients and controls. ACZ also increased FEP in both groups, and the effects of PTH and ACZ were additive, suggesting that patients with tumoral calcinosis have normal sensitivities to PTH and normal responses to ACZ. Levels of vitamin D metabolites in the patients were normal. We conclude that patients with tumoral calcinosis have a reduced ability to excrete phosphorus. This defect does not seem to be due to impaired PTH secretion, an abnormal phosphaturic response to this hormone, or a disturbance of vitamin D metabolism.
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128
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Stote RM, Smith LH, Dubb JW, Moyer TP, Alexander F, Roth JL. Oxypurinol nephrolithiasis in regional enteritis secondary to allopurinol therapy. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92:384-5. [PMID: 7356232 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient with regional enteritis and recurrent uric acid nephrolithiasis was treated with allopurinol. While on 600 mg of allopurinol daily, she began to pass many small, soft, yellow stones. Analysis of the stones by liquid chromatographic and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometric techniques revealed that their major constituent was oxypurinol, a metabolite of allopurinol. Metabolic studies of the patient indicated that increasing doses of allopurinol were associated with increases in xanthine and oxypurinol excretion, while uric acid excretion was not reduced. This case illustrates a complication of high-dose allopurinol therapy in the treatment of uric acid nephrolithiasis.
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129
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Large MS, Smith LH. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents. 19. 1-Phenyl-2-[[(substituted-amido)alkyl]amino]ethanols. J Med Chem 1980; 23:112-7. [PMID: 6102152 DOI: 10.1021/jm00176a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of derivatives of 1-phenyl-2-[[(substituted amido)alkyl]amino]ethanols is described. The compounds were investigated for beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties, and many showed a surprising degree of potency and beta 1-cardioselectivity when tested in vivo in anesthetized cats. The structure-activity relationships shown by this series of compounds are discussed and related to known beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
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130
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Smith LH, Scharschmidt B. Medical staff conference: cimetidine. West J Med 1979; 131:417-25. [PMID: 532144 PMCID: PMC1271867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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131
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Werness PG, Duckworth SC, Smith LH. Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystal growth. INVESTIGATIVE UROLOGY 1979; 17:230-3. [PMID: 40922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), although thermodynamically unstable with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), is more commonly seen in human urine. For the first time, a COD-seeded crystal growth assay has been developed. Seed crystals of COD were precipitated from filtered urine by the addition of ammonium oxalate and were stored dry and added to a supersaturated calcium oxalate solution to initiate an experiment. The growth rate in the COD-seeded system was 22 per cent of that for a COM-seeded system, for equivalent surface areas. Urine samples from normal subjects have similar inhibitory activity in the COD- and COM-seeded systems, as do pyrophosphate and heparin, which are known inhibitors of COM crystal growth. These results indicate that the technically simpler COM-seeded growth assay is suitable for measurement of inhibitors of calcium oxalate growth in urine.
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132
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Holland JM, Rahn RO, Smith LH, Clark BR, Chang SS, Stephens TJ. Skin carcinogenicity of synthetic and natural petroleums. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE. : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1979; 21:614-8. [PMID: 490222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a series of three separate experiments mice were exposed to various concentrations of fossil liquids obtained from coal, oil shale or natural petroleum. All materials were capable of inducing squamous cell carcinoma, but potency differed substantially. Skin carcinogenicity was markedly greater for both coal or oil shale liquids than for natural petroleums. None of the syncrudes approached the skin carcinogenicity of a pure reference carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene (BP). It is unlikely that determination of the concentration of an active compound in material applied to the test animal will allow meaningful comparison among the diverse agents of interest to the synthetic fuels industry. To better establish the relationship between actual tissue dose and surface concentration the authors are investigating various in vitro and biochemical measures of hydrocarbon-skin interaction to determine which, if any, could serve as a more definitive measure of surface dose. Results, using BP as a marker carcinogenic hydocarbon, suggest that carcinogenic crudes inhibit both BP metabolism in skin organ culture and the interaction of BP adducts with epidermal DNA, in vivo.
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133
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Little JW, Smith LH. Pulmonary aspiration. West J Med 1979; 131:122-9. [PMID: 516701 PMCID: PMC1271703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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134
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135
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Smith LH. Avicenna revisited. West J Med 1978; 128:151-152. [PMID: 18748144 PMCID: PMC1238028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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136
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137
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Smith LH, Tucker H. beta-Adrenergic blocking agents. 17. 1-Phenoxy-3-phenoxyalkylamino-2-propanols and 1-alkoxyalkylamino-3-phenoxy-2-propanols. J Med Chem 1977; 20:1653-6. [PMID: 22750 DOI: 10.1021/jm00222a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis is described of a series of derivatives of 1-phenoxy-3-phenoxyalkylamino-2-propanols and 1-alkoxyalkylamino-3-phenoxy-2-propranols. The compounds were investigated for their beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties and many showed a surprising degree of cardioselectivity when tested in vivo in anesthetized cats for their effects on an isoproterenol-induced tachycardia and depressor response. The structure-activity relationship shown by this series of compounds is related to that of known cardioselective analogues and a possible reason for their cardioselectivity is discussed.
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138
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Smith LH. beta-Adrenergic blocking agents. 16. 1-(Acylaminomethyl-, ureidomethyl-, and ureidoethylphenoxy)-3-amino-2-propanols. J Med Chem 1977; 20:1254-8. [PMID: 20502 DOI: 10.1021/jm00220a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of 1-(acylaminomethyl-, ureidomethyl-, and ureidoethylphenoxy)-3-amino-2-propanols is described. The compounds were screened as beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists in cats and their partial agonist activity was evaluated in rats depleted of circulating catecholamines. Some of the compounds have a pharmacological profile similar to atenolol. Their structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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139
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Martin DW, Siegel RC, Smith LH. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. West J Med 1977; 127:221-8. [PMID: 303019 PMCID: PMC1237776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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140
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Dahlberg PJ, van den Berg, Kurtz SB, Wilson DM, Smith LH. Clinical features and management of cystinuria. Mayo Clin Proc 1977; 52:533-42. [PMID: 895195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystinuria is a complex hereditary disorder that affects both sexes with equal frequency and severity. Symptoms usually begin early (children and young adults) but may develop at any age. Stature is normal and there are no clinical nutritional abnormalities. The morbidity of cystine urolithiasis is considerable. Hyperuricemia is a frequent associated finding and is probably the result of multiple factors. No other abnormalities are consistently related to this disease. Treatment with adequate oral fluids to ensure a copious urine volume and with oral alkali to keep the urine alkaline is most successful when used prophylactically in the stone-free patient. However, dissolution of existing calculi is unlikely with this regimen alone. The addition of D-penicillamine often results in dissolution of stones and prevention of recurrent calculi in patients who have continued stone growth despite the use of oral fluids and alkali. Because toxic reactions with D-penicillamine are frequent and sometimes severe, this drug should be used only when necessary and then as an adjunct to rather than a substitute for increased oral fluids and alkali. Failure of treatment in spite of adequate therapy should alert the physician to the possibility of coexisting complicating problem.
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141
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Smith LH. Can medical records, EDP and finance live happily together? HOSPITAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 1977; 31:26-8. [PMID: 10305281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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142
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143
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Abstract
Neural crest cells are unique. Few tissues found in the embryo are expressed with such diversity in adults. Cellular differentiation occurs simultaneously with widespread migration. Neural crest cell neoplasia results in some of the most common tumors clinically encountered. As a group, these tumors are called neurolophomas. This report describes the neural crest formation, the tissues normally derived from it, a classification of the neural crest tumors, and a review of such tumors as they arise in the thorax.
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144
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Smith LH. Beta-Adrenergic blocking agents. 15. 1-Substituted ureidophenoxy-3-amino-2-propanols. J Med Chem 1977; 20:705-8. [PMID: 16137 DOI: 10.1021/jm00215a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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145
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Meyer JL, Bergert JH, Smith LH. Epitaxial relationships in urolithiasis: the brushite-whewellite system. CLINICAL SCIENCE AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE 1977; 52:143-8. [PMID: 844247 DOI: 10.1042/cs0520143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) crystals were found to induce epitaxially the heterogeneous nucleation of brushite (calcium monohydrogen phosphate dihydrate) from its metastable supersaturated solution in approximately one-quarter of the time required for spontaneous precipitation in the absence of added nucleating agents. Scanning electron-microscope observation of the crystalline phase showed brushite crystals originating from the whewellite seed crystals. 2. Crystal growth, upon nucleation, proceeded rapidly, and the metastable solutions quickly approached saturation. 3. Brushite crystals also induced the precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals in about one-quarter of the time required for spontaneous precipitation; however, the rate of crystal growth was considerably slower. In support of the chemical data, scanning electron micrographs showed few crystals of calcium oxalate nucleated on the surface of the brushite seed. 4. The results provide some insight into the cause of stones containing calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate (or both), which form in the normally acid environment of human urine.
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146
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Smith LH, Bozdech M. Advances in the treatment of carcinoma of the breast. West J Med 1976; 125:370-8. [PMID: 983016 PMCID: PMC1237350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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147
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Uziel M, Smith LH, Taylor SA. Modified nucleosides in urine: selective removal and analysis. Clin Chem 1976; 22:1451-5. [PMID: 954194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Because excretion of certain nucleosides increases in all types of cancer, detection and treatment of the disease would be enhanced by rapid, simple quantitation of such nucleotides. To facilitate these analyses in urine, we have prepared a specific adsorbent for nucleosides. The affinity adsorbent gel contains an immobilized phenylboronic acid group that specifically binds cis-diols, as in ribonucleosides, which can then be quantititatively recovered by elution with acetic acid. The advantage of this boronate gel over other preparations lies in its high capacity in the swollen state (0.26 mmol/ml), so that only small volumes (less than 1 ml) of gel are required for assays. Nucelosides containing a free diol group on the ribosyl group are retained at pH 8.8 in 0.25 mol/liter salt solution with a retention volume of 15 or larger, as compared with values of 1 to 2 for the free bases. Negatively charged species (not including the boronate complex) are eluted earlier than neutral or cationic species. Added nucleosides (neutral, cationic, or anionic) are quantitatively recovered. Because pseudouridine is eluted in a unique position, this property has been used to measure it in urine. The procedures used are chemically mild. For example, we have confirmed the observation of Fink and Adams [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 126, 27 (1968)] that urine contains N1-methyladenosine and not N6-methyladenosine, the alkaline rearranged product.
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148
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Smith LH. BETA-Adrenergic blocking agents. 13. (3-Amino-2-hydroxypropoxy)benzamides. J Med Chem 1976; 19:1119-23. [PMID: 10440 DOI: 10.1021/jm00231a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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149
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Abstract
Abstract
Because excretion of certain nucleosides increases in all types of cancer, detection and treatment of the disease would be enhanced by rapid, simple quantitation of such nucleotides. To facilitate these analyses in urine, we have prepared a specific adsorbent for nucleosides. The affinity adsorbent gel contains an immobilized phenylboronic acid group that specifically binds cis-diols, as in ribonucleosides, which can then be quantititatively recovered by elution with acetic acid. The advantage of this boronate gel over other preparations lies in its high capacity in the swollen state (0.26 mmol/ml), so that only small volumes (less than 1 ml) of gel are required for assays. Nucelosides containing a free diol group on the ribosyl group are retained at pH 8.8 in 0.25 mol/liter salt solution with a retention volume of 15 or larger, as compared with values of 1 to 2 for the free bases. Negatively charged species (not including the boronate complex) are eluted earlier than neutral or cationic species. Added nucleosides (neutral, cationic, or anionic) are quantitatively recovered. Because pseudouridine is eluted in a unique position, this property has been used to measure it in urine. The procedures used are chemically mild. For example, we have confirmed the observation of Fink and Adams [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 126, 27 (1968)] that urine contains N1-methyladenosine and not N6-methyladenosine, the alkaline rearranged product.
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150
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Meyer JL, Bergert JH, Smith LH. The epitaxially induced crystal growth of calcium oxalate by crystalline uric acid. INVESTIGATIVE UROLOGY 1976; 14:115-9. [PMID: 972002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Seed crystals of anhydrous uric acid were shown to epitaxially induce the crystal growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate from its metastable supersaturated solution. Scanning electron microscopic examination of crystalline material isolated from the kinetic experiments supports the chemical evidence that calcium oxalate had been nucleated by uric acid. In spite of close lattice similarities between some of the faces of the two phases, the induction period required for heterogeneous nucleation by the seed material was about half of that required for precipitation in the absence of potential nucleating agents. This has created some doubt as to whether crystalline uric acid has an influence on the formation of calcium oxalate lithiasis.
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