126
|
Schiffner T, Kong L, Duncan CJA, Back JW, Benschop JJ, Shen X, Huang PS, Stewart-Jones GB, DeStefano J, Seaman MS, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Schief WR, Sattentau QJ. Immune focusing and enhanced neutralization induced by HIV-1 gp140 chemical cross-linking. J Virol 2013; 87:10163-72. [PMID: 23843636 PMCID: PMC3754013 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01161-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental vaccine antigens based upon the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) have failed to induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the majority of circulating viral strains as a result of antibody evasion mechanisms, including amino acid variability and conformational instability. A potential vaccine design strategy is to stabilize Env, thereby focusing antibody responses on constitutively exposed, conserved surfaces, such as the CD4 binding site (CD4bs). Here, we show that a largely trimeric form of soluble Env can be stably cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA) without global modification of antigenicity. Cross-linking largely conserved binding of all potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) tested, including CD4bs-specific VRC01 and HJ16, but reduced binding of several non- or weakly neutralizing antibodies and soluble CD4 (sCD4). Adjuvanted administration of cross-linked or unmodified gp140 to rabbits generated indistinguishable total gp140-specific serum IgG binding titers. However, sera from animals receiving cross-linked gp140 showed significantly increased CD4bs-specific antibody binding compared to animals receiving unmodified gp140. Moreover, peptide mapping of sera from animals receiving cross-linked gp140 revealed increased binding to gp120 C1 and V1V2 regions. Finally, neutralization titers were significantly elevated in sera from animals receiving cross-linked gp140 rather than unmodified gp140. We conclude that cross-linking favors antigen stability, imparts antigenic modifications that selectively refocus antibody specificity and improves induction of NAbs, and might be a useful strategy for future vaccine design.
Collapse
|
127
|
Wei C, Kong L, Wei X, Chen L, Liu X, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu H. Pharmacokinetics of a New Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue CXC195 in Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:342-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
128
|
Perez-Valdespino A, Ghosh S, Cammett EP, Kong L, Li YQ, Setlow P. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis spores that are superdormant for germination with dodecylamine or Ca2+ -dipicolinic acid. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1109-19. [PMID: 23289722 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and characterize spores superdormant (SD) for germination with either Ca(2+)-dipicolinic acid (CaDPA) or dodecylamine. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus subtilis spores were germinated three times with either CaDPA or dodecylamine and germinated spores removed after each germination treatment, yielding 0.9% (CaDPA-SD spores) or 0.4% (dodecylamine-SD spores) of initial dormant spores. Compared to dormant spores, CaDPA-SD spores germinated poorly with CaDPA and better with dodecylamine and nutrient germinants, although release of DPA from individual CaDPA-SD spores was slow during nutrient germination, and this germination was strongly inhibited by TbCl3. The CaDPA-SD spores were sensitive to hypochlorite and had elevated levels of nutrient germinant receptors (GRs) relative to levels in dormant spores. Dodecylamine-SD spores' germination with dodecylamine and nutrients was similar to that of dormant spores, their germination with Ca-DPA was slower than that of dormant spores, and these SD spores' GR levels were lower than in dormant spores. However, dodecylamine-SD spores were not sensitive to hypochlorite, and the nutrient germination of these SD spores was only partially inhibited by TbCl3 . CONCLUSIONS CaDPA-SD spores appear to have a coat defect and accompanying low levels of the cortex-lytic enzyme CwlJ. The defect in dodecylamine-SD spores, however, is not clear. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results suggest that triggering germination by non-GR-dependent germinants is a potential strategy for efficient spore inactivation.
Collapse
|
129
|
Prabhu S, Stokes M, Kras A, Arunothayaraj S, Yi H, Kong L, Peck K, Casan J, Blusztein D, Jackson D, Toogood G. Initial Presentation to a Non-tertiary Hospital Results in a Prolonged Pre-operative Hospital Stay and an Increased Risk of Nosocomial Infections in Patients Requiring In-patient Transfer to a Tertiary Centre for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery: A Multi-centre Analysis in Metropolitan Melbourne. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
130
|
Kong L, Lu J, Hu C, Guo Y, Niu X, Zhang Y. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With TPF Regimen Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiation for Locoregionally Advanced Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
131
|
Zhu WQ, Sun X, Xing L, Li M, Yue J, Qu W, Sun X, Kong L, Yu J. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: relationship between fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT maximum standardised uptake value, metabolic tumour volume, and tumour, node and metastasis classification. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e383-7. [PMID: 22815420 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/79854022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the relationships between primary tumour, maximum standardised uptake value, metabolic tumour volume and seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. METHODS Fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scans of 41 consecutive newly diagnosed OSCC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)) and metabolic tumour volume (MTV) were recorded. Two-tailed Spearman's correlation was used to analyse the relationships between the metabolic parameters and the AJCC staging system. RESULTS Positive correlations were observed between SUV(max), MTV and tumour (T) stage, in addition to node (N) stage and AJCC stage. Both metabolic parameters were independent variables that significantly affected the N stage and AJCC stage, and SUV(max) was the only independent variable that significantly affected the T stage. CONCLUSION The metabolic parameters derived from (18)F-FDG PET-CT were positively correlated with T, N and AJCC stage in primary OSCC. Our findings may suggest a complementary role of these parameters to seventh-edition AJCC staging in the prognostication of OSCC patients.
Collapse
|
132
|
Julien J, Kong L, Pejchal R, Khayat R, Lee J, Stanfield RS, Walker LM, Doores KJ, Folkowska E, Poignard P, Depetris R, Sanders RW, Koff WC, Moore JP, Ward AB, Burton DR, Wilson IA. Recognition and penetration of the HIV-1 Env glycan shield by potent broadly neutralizing antibodies. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3442068 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
133
|
Wang J, Kong L, Gao G, Luo J. A brief introduction to web-based genome browsers. Brief Bioinform 2012; 14:131-43. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbs029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
134
|
Zheng H, Kong L, Chen L, Zheng W. Acute Effects of Alcohol on Human Brain: A Resting-State fMRI Study (P04.221). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
135
|
Crowder M, Polley M, Kong L, Van Meerbeke J, Murphy K, Swoboda K, Crawford T, Sumner C. Motor Unit Pathology in SMA Patients (P03.175). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
136
|
Nie H, Li Q, Kong L. Centromere mapping in the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) through half-tetrad analysis in gynogenetic diploid families. Anim Genet 2012; 43:290-7. [PMID: 22486500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centromere mapping is an essential prerequisite for our understanding of the composition and structure of genomes. For centromere mapping, in two meiogynogenetic families of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), we screened 97 microsatellite markers that cover all linkage groups from a currently available abalone linkage map. Microsatellite analysis showed that no unique paternal allele was found in all gynogenetic progeny, which confirmed 100% success of induction of gynogenesis. In the control crosses, all 97 microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance, while in meiogynogenetic progeny, 5.2% of the microsatellite loci showed segregation distortions from an expected 1:1 ratio of two homozygote classes. The second division segregation frequency of the microsatellites ranged from 0.037 to 0.950 with a mean of 0.399, indicating the existence of interference. Heterogeneity among linkage groups in the crossover distribution was observed. Centromere location was mostly in accordance with the abalone karyotype, but differences in marker order between linkage and centromere maps occurred. Information on the positions of centromeres in relation to the microsatellite loci will represent a contribution towards assembly of genetic maps in the commercially important abalone species.
Collapse
|
137
|
Yang J, Kong L, Chen X, Wang D, Qi L, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Peng YL. A carnitine–acylcarnitine carrier protein, MoCrc1, is essential for pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Curr Genet 2012; 58:139-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-012-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
138
|
Zhang P, Kong L, Wang G, Scotland M, Ghosh S, Setlow B, Setlow P, Li YQ. Analysis of the slow germination of multiple individual superdormant Bacillus subtilis spores using multifocus Raman microspectroscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:526-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
139
|
Liu H, Wang L, Yu Z, Kong L, Zhao J, Dong D, Li C, Liu Z. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction tomography technique using diamond anvil cell. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
140
|
You J, Zhuang L, Chen H, Feng X, Kong L, Lei H, Ma Y, Li Y, Yang W, Huang J, Yan S, Che Y, Wang Q, Chen L. OL-047 Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B: results from 144 weeks adefovir dipivoxil treatment. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
141
|
Yang XJ, Lei DL, Liu BL, Zhang P, Ma Q, Kong L. P153. Effect of EMMPRIN on in vitro invasion of human highly metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Oral Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
142
|
You J, Zhuang L, Huang J, Che Y, Yan S, Lei H, Kong L, Li Y, Chen H, Tang B, Wang Q, Ma Y, Chen L, Wang H, Chen C, Li J. PP-084 Severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection with normal liver function test correlated with viral load and HBeAg status. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
143
|
Xiao J, Zhou H, Zhao L, Sun Y, Guan S, Liu B, Kong L. The effect of hierarchical micro/nanosurface titanium implant on osseointegration in ovariectomized sheep. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1907-13. [PMID: 20878388 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hydrofluoric etching and anodized hierarchical micro/nanotextured surface titanium implant was placed in mandibles of ovariectomized sheep for 12 weeks, and it showed improved osseointegration by resonance frequency analysis (RFA), microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation, histomorphometry, and biomechanical test. INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effects of micro/nanotextured titanium implant on osseointegration in ovariectomized (OVX) sheep. METHODS The hierarchical micro/nanotextured surface of titanium implant was fabricated by acid in 0.5% (w/v) hydrofluoric (HF) and anodized in HF acid electrolytes with a DC power of 20 V, and the machined surface implants with no treatment served as control group. The implants were placed in mandibles of OVX sheep, respectively. Twelve weeks after implantation, RFA, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, and biomechanical tests were applied to detect the osseointegration of the two groups. RESULTS The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, the maximum pull-out forces, and the bone-implant contact (BIC) were 65.5 ± 6.3, 490.6 ± 72.7 N, and 58.31 ± 5.79% in the micro/nanogroup and 58.3 ± 8.9, 394.5 ± 54.5 N, and 46.85 ± 5.04% in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in ISQ values (p > 0.05), but in the micro/nanogroup, the maximal pull-out force and the BIC were increased significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone volume ratio and the trabecular number increased significantly (p < 0.01), and the trabecular separation decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the micro/nanogroup. CONCLUSION Implant modification by HF acid etching and anodization to form a hierarchical micro/nanotextured surface could improve titanium implant osseointegration in OVX sheep 12 weeks after implantation.
Collapse
|
144
|
Meng X, Yu J, Loo BW, Ma L, Sun X, Murphy JD, Zhao SQ, Kong L, Yang GR, Li WL, Zhao XG. An evaluation of molecular imaging with 11c-PD153035 PET/CT and its association in predicting outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKI. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
145
|
Hu M, Yu J, Kong L, Fu Z. Correlation of kinetic analysis of 18f-fluoroerythronitroimidazole PET/CT during radiotherapy with outcome in head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
146
|
Li G, Zhou X, Kong L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhu H, Mitchell TK, Dean RA, Xu JR. MoSfl1 is important for virulence and heat tolerance in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19951. [PMID: 21625508 PMCID: PMC3098271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of appressoria, specialized plant penetration structures of Magnaporthe oryzae, is regulated by the MST11-MST7-PMK1 MAP kinase cascade. One of its downstream transcription factor, MST12, is important for penetration and invasive growth but dispensable for appressorium formation. To identify additional downstream targets that are regulated by Pmk1, in this study we performed phosphorylation assays with a protein microarray composed of 573 M. oryzae transcription factor (TF) genes. Three of the TF genes phosphorylated by Pmk1 in vitro were further analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation assays. One of them, MoSFL1, was found to interact with Pmk1 in vivo. Like other Sfl1 orthologs, the MoSfl1 protein has the HSF-like domain. When expressed in yeast, MoSFL1 functionally complemented the flocculation defects of the sfl1 mutant. In M. oryzae, deletion of MoSFl1 resulted in a significant reduction in virulence on rice and barley seedlings. Consistent with this observation, the Mosfl1 mutant was defective in invasive growth in penetration assays with rice leaf sheaths. In comparison with that of vegetative hyphae, the expression level of MoSFL1 was increased in appressoria and infected rice leaves. The Mosfl1 mutant also had increased sensitivity to elevated temperatures. In CM cultures of the Mosfl1 and pmk1 mutants grown at 30°C, the production of aerial hyphae and melanization were reduced but their growth rate was not altered. When assayed by qRT-PCR, the transcription levels of the MoHSP30 and MoHSP98 genes were reduced 10- and 3-fold, respectively, in the Mosfl1 mutant. SFL1 orthologs are conserved in filamentous ascomycetes but none of them have been functionally characterized in non-Saccharomycetales fungi. MoSfl1 has one putative MAPK docking site and three putative MAPK phosphorylation sites. Therefore, it may be functionally related to Pmk1 in the regulation of invasive growth and stress responses in M. oryzae.
Collapse
|
147
|
McLaughlin J, Rella J, Bakan A, Kong L, Zhu L, Frederick D, Yende S, Ferrell R, Bahar I, Shapiro S, Angus D, Kaynar A. Impact of pro-domain stability of matrix metalloproteinase-8 on the outcome of sepsis. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3066952 DOI: 10.1186/cc9698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
148
|
Liu W, Zhou X, Li G, Li L, Kong L, Wang C, Zhang H, Xu JR. Multiple plant surface signals are sensed by different mechanisms in the rice blast fungus for appressorium formation. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1001261. [PMID: 21283781 PMCID: PMC3024261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface recognition and penetration are among the most critical plant infection processes in foliar pathogens. In Magnaporthe oryzae, the Pmk1 MAP kinase regulates appressorium formation and penetration. Its orthologs also are known to be required for various plant infection processes in other phytopathogenic fungi. Although a number of upstream components of this important pathway have been characterized, the upstream sensors for surface signals have not been well characterized. Pmk1 is orthologous to Kss1 in yeast that functions downstream from Msb2 and Sho1 for filamentous growth. Because of the conserved nature of the Pmk1 and Kss1 pathways and reduced expression of MoMSB2 in the pmk1 mutant, in this study we functionally characterized the MoMSB2 and MoSHO1 genes. Whereas the Momsb2 mutant was significantly reduced in appressorium formation and virulence, the Mosho1 mutant was only slightly reduced. The Mosho1 Momsb2 double mutant rarely formed appressoria on artificial hydrophobic surfaces, had a reduced Pmk1 phosphorylation level, and was nonresponsive to cutin monomers. However, it still formed appressoria and caused rare, restricted lesions on rice leaves. On artificial hydrophilic surfaces, leaf surface waxes and primary alcohols-but not paraffin waxes and alkanes- stimulated appressorium formation in the Mosho1 Momsb2 mutant, but more efficiently in the Momsb2 mutant. Furthermore, expression of a dominant active MST7 allele partially suppressed the defects of the Momsb2 mutant. These results indicate that, besides surface hydrophobicity and cutin monomers, primary alcohols, a major component of epicuticular leaf waxes in grasses, are recognized by M. oryzae as signals for appressorium formation. Our data also suggest that MoMsb2 and MoSho1 may have overlapping functions in recognizing various surface signals for Pmk1 activation and appressorium formation. While MoMsb2 is critical for sensing surface hydrophobicity and cutin monomers, MoSho1 may play a more important role in recognizing rice leaf waxes. The rice blast fungus is a major pathogen of rice and a model for studying fungal-plant interactions. Like many other fungal pathogens, it can recognize physical and chemical signals present on the rice leaf surface and form a highly specialized infection structure known as appressorium. A well conserved signal transduction pathway involving the protein kinase gene PMK1 is known to regulate appressorium formation and plant penetration in this pathogen. However, it is not clear about the sensor genes that are involved in recognizing various plant surface signals. In this study we functionally characterize two putative sensor genes called MoMSB2 and MoSHO1. Genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that these two genes have overlapping functions in recognizing different physical and chemical signals present on the rice leaf surface for the activation of the Pmk1 pathway and appressorium formation. We found that primary alcohols, a major component of leaf waxes in grasses, can be recognized by the rice blast fungus as chemical cues. While MoMSB2 is critical for sensing hydrophobicity and precursors of cutin molecules of rice leaves, MoSHO1 appears to be more important than MoMSB2 for recognizing wax components.
Collapse
|
149
|
Kong L, Lu J, Hu C, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy followed by Concurrent Chemoradiation for Locoregionally Advanced Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Preliminary Report of Two Phase II Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
150
|
Ma Y, Yu J, Li M, Yin Y, Kong L, Sun X, Lin X, Yang Y. Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases: A Dosimetric and Treatment Efficiency Comparison between Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|