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Noriega LG, Estrada I, Tenorio MR, Torres N, Tovar AR. BCAT2 regulates BCAA metabolic fate during adipogenesis. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.113.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vazquez‐Manjarrez N, Guevara‐Cruz M, Tovar AR, Medina‐Vera I, Erazo‐Tapia E, Aguilar‐Lopez M, Flores‐Lopez A, Ordovas JM, Torres N. Association between GFOD2 (rs12449157) polymorphism, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and blood lipids in Mexican Subjects. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.855.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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128
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Velazquez‐Villegas L, Ortiz V, Ordaz‐Rosado D, Garcia‐Becerra R, Larrea F, Torres N, Tovar AR. Transcriptional regulation of the sodium‐coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT2) by 17β‐estradiol. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.550.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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129
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Chavez‐Santoscoy RA, Tovar A, Granados O, Ortiz‐Ortega VM, Torres N, Serna‐Saldivar S, Gutiérrez‐Uribe JA. Effects of extracts rich in phytosterols, flavonoids and saponins from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed coats on gene expression involved in β‐oxidation and lipogenesis. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Guevara‐Cruz M, Tovar AR, Lai CQ, Parnell L, Smith CE, Lee Y, Ordovas JM, Torres N. The Serum Glucose Response After a Dietary Treatment in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome was predicted by a Genetic Predisposition Score that Integrated 11 Polymorphism. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.855.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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131
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García‐Olivares V, Torres N, Tovar AR, Diaz‐Villaseñor A. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism by Dietary Fat Prior to the Onset of Obesity During Fasting and After Refeeding. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.857.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Torres‐Villalobos GM, Hamdan‐Pérez N, Torres N, Ordaz‐Nava G, Moran‐Ramos S, Noriega L, Bravo‐Reyna C, Torre‐Villalvazo I, Hiriart M, Medina‐Santillan R. Autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue transplant in diet induced obese rats. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.48.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bridge J, Torres N, Spitzer K, Izu L, Goldhaber J, Sachse F. A Modified Local Control Model for Ca Transients in Cardiomyocytes: Junctional Flux is Accompanied by Release from Non-junctional RyRs. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Morán-Ramos S, Avila-Nava A, Tovar AR, Pedraza-Chaverri J, López-Romero P, Torres N. Opuntia ficus indica (nopal) attenuates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. J Nutr 2012; 142:1956-63. [PMID: 23014486 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.165563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with multiple factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Nopal, a cactus plant widely consumed in the Mexican diet, is considered a functional food because of its antioxidant activity and ability to improve biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nopal consumption on the development of hepatic steatosis and hepatic oxidative stress and on the regulation of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. Obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were fed a control diet or a diet containing 4% nopal for 7 wk. Rats fed the nopal-containing diet had ∼50% lower hepatic TG than the control group as well as a reduction in hepatomegaly and biomarkers of hepatocyte injury such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. Attenuation of hepatic steatosis by nopal consumption was accompanied by a higher serum concentration of adiponectin and a greater abundance of mRNA for genes involved in lipid oxidation and lipid export and production of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and microsomal TG transfer proteins in liver. Hepatic reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation biomarkers were significantly lower in rats fed nopal compared with the control rats. Furthermore, rats fed the nopal diet had a lower postprandial serum insulin concentration and a greater liver phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT):AKT ratio in the postprandial state. This study suggests that nopal consumption attenuates hepatic steatosis by increasing fatty acid oxidation and VLDL synthesis, decreasing oxidative stress, and improving liver insulin signaling in obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats.
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González-Granillo M, Steffensen KR, Granados O, Torres N, Korach-André M, Ortíz V, Aguilar-Salinas C, Jakobsson T, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Loza-Valdes A, Hernandez-Pando R, Gustafsson JÅ, Tovar AR. Soy protein isoflavones differentially regulate liver X receptor isoforms to modulate lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport in the liver and intestine in mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2469-78. [PMID: 22739758 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Liver X receptor (LXR)α regulates the genes involved in cholesterol, fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Soy protein (SP) consumption reduces the hepatic accumulation of cholesterol and triacylglycerol, and improves insulin sensitivity. However, it is not known whether these effects are mediated via LXRα. We therefore investigated whether the consumption of SP regulates metabolic changes in cholesterol metabolism and insulin sensitivity via LXRα. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Lxrα(-/-) (Lxrα, also known as Nr1h3) mice were fed an SP diet with or without cholesterol for 28 days. The expression of LXRα target genes was measured in liver and intestine, as were hepatic lipid content and faecal bile acid concentration. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were also performed. Hepatocytes were used to study the effect of isoflavones on LXR activity. RESULTS The livers of WT and Lxrα(-/-) mice fed an SP high-cholesterol diet showed less steatosis than those fed casein. The SP diet increased the expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sub-family genes Abca1, Abcg5 and Abcg8 in the liver and intestine, as well as increasing total faecal bile acid excretion and insulin sensitivity in WT mice compared with mice fed a casein diet. However, these effects of SP were not observed in Lxrα(-/-) mice. The SP isoflavone, genistein, repressed the activation of LXRα target genes by T0901317, whereas it stimulated the activation of LXRβ target genes. The AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor, compound C, had the opposite effects to those of genistein. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that SP isoflavones stimulate the phosphorylation of LXRα or LXRβ, resulting in different biological effects for each LXR isoform.
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Piccinato C, Neme R, Torres N, Brudniewski H, Rosa-e-Silva J, Ferriani R. Expression of enzymes involved in local regulation of sulfonated estrogens is dysregulated in endometrium of women with endometriosis versus controls. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tovar-Palacio C, Torres N, Diaz-Villaseñor A, Tovar AR. The role of nuclear receptors in the kidney in obesity and metabolic syndrome. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 7:483-98. [PMID: 22532116 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcriptional regulators of several key aspects of renal physiology and pathophysiology. As such, nuclear receptors control a large variety of metabolic processes, including kidney lipid metabolism, drug clearance, inflammation, fibrosis, cell differentiation, and oxidative stress. Derangement of nuclear receptor regulation, that is, mainly due to obesity may induce metabolic syndrome, may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of chronic renal disease and may result in end-stage renal disease. This places nuclear receptors at the forefront of novel therapeutic approaches for a broad range of kidney disorders and diseases, including glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial disease, renal lipotoxicity, kidney fibrosis, and hypertension. This review focuses on the importance of the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptor, and the pregnane X receptor/steroid and xenobiotic receptor (PXR) on the physiology and pathophysiology of renal diseases associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Moran-Ramos S, López-Romero P, Tovar AR, Torres N. Consumption of dehydrated Opuntia ficus Indica (nopal) prevents the development of fatty liver by modifying hepatic lipid metabolism in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.821.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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139
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Velazquez L, Lopez A, Tovar AR, Torres N. Effect of the amount of dietary protein in the dam metabolism in rat liver and mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.624.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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140
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Torre-Villalvazo I, Bunt AE, Torres N, Tovar AR. Adiponectin and leptin secretion are differentially modulated in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue by endoplasmic reticulum stress. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.570.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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141
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Hamdan-Perez N, Torres N, Palacio AT, Ordaz-Nava G, Torre-Villalvazo I, Moran S, Tovar-Palacio C, Martinez B, Hiriart M, Santillan-Medina R, Torres-Villalobos G. Development of diet induced obesity models in rats, comparison of metabolic and genetic effects. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.649.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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142
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Lopez P, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Avila-Nava A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tovar AR, Torres N. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) in patients with type 2 diabetes. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.644.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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143
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Diaz-Villaseñor A, Lara N, Tinoco B, Tovar AR, Torres N. Early biochemical changes and histological analysis in adipose tissue and liver of rats fed high‐fat diet (HFD) with different fatty acid composition. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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144
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Noriega LG, Torre-Villalvazo I, Contreras A, Torres N, Tovar AR. BCATm and BCKDH expression in mouse adipose tissue upon different metabolic challenges. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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145
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Ortiz-Huidrobo RI, Marquez-Mota C, Quiñonez-Peña A, Tovar-Lopez E, Galvez-Mariscal A, Tovar AR, Torres N. Fasting and refeeding regulate in different manner SNAT 2, SREBP‐1 and 2, mTOR, serum insulin in animals fed different types of protein. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1013.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Moran-Ramos S, Tovar AR, Torres N. Diet: friend or foe of enteroendocrine cells--how it interacts with enteroendocrine cells. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:8-20. [PMID: 22332097 PMCID: PMC3262619 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut hormones play a key role in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and a wide range of metabolic functions in response to food ingestion. These hormones are altered in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, and are thus proposed to be possible targets for the prevention or treatment of these diseases. It is clear that food composition, macronutrients, and other non-nutrient components as well as the physical properties of food not only modulate the secretion of gut peptides but also modulate transcription and enteroendocrine cell differentiation, which ultimately modifies gut hormone response. The specific mechanisms or sensing machinery that respond to the different components of the diet have been studied for many years; however, over the last few years, new molecular genetic techniques have led to important advances, thereby allowing a deeper understanding of these mechanisms. This review addresses the current knowledge regarding enteroendocrine cells and how diet interacts with this machinery to stimulate and regulate the secretion of gut peptides. The potential for diet interventions as a promising strategy for modulating gut hormone responses to food ingestion and, ultimately, preventing or treating metabolic diseases is being emphasized considering that these diseases are currently a public health burden.
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Guevara-Cruz M, Tovar AR, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Medina-Vera I, Gil-Zenteno L, Hernández-Viveros I, López-Romero P, Ordaz-Nava G, Canizales-Quinteros S, Guillen Pineda LE, Torres N. A dietary pattern including nopal, chia seed, soy protein, and oat reduces serum triglycerides and glucose intolerance in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2012; 142:64-9. [PMID: 22090467 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.147447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health problem throughout the world and is associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Thus, the purpose of the present work was to evaluate the effects of a dietary pattern (DP; soy protein, nopal, chia seed, and oat) on the biochemical variables of MetS, the AUC for glucose and insulin, glucose intolerance (GI), the relationship of the presence of certain polymorphisms related to MetS, and the response to the DP. In this randomized trial, the participants consumed their habitual diet but reduced by 500 kcal for 2 wk. They were then assigned to the placebo (P; n = 35) or DP (n = 32) group and consumed the reduced energy diet plus the P or DP beverage (235 kcal) minus the energy provided by these for 2 mo. All participants had decreases in body weight (BW), BMI, and waist circumference during the 2-mo treatment (P < 0.0001); however, only the DP group had decreases in serum TG, C-reactive protein (CRP), and AUC for insulin and GI after a glucose tolerance test. Interestingly, participants in the DP group with MetS and the ABCA1 R230C variant had a greater decrease in BW and an increase in serum adiponectin concentration after 2 mo of dietary treatment than those with the ABCA1 R230R variant. The results from this study suggest that lifestyle interventions involving specific DP for the treatment of MetS could be more effective if local foods and genetic variations of the population are considered.
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Benabid A, Torres N, Chabardes S. 3.11.1 NEW TARGETS FOR DBS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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149
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Tovar AR, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Cruz-Salazar N, Ordáz G, Granados O, Palacios-González B, Tovar-Palacio C, López P, Torres N. Dietary type and amount of fat modulate lipid metabolism gene expression in liver and in adipose tissue in high-fat diet-fed rats. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:540-53. [PMID: 22023986 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary fat plays a central role in the development of obesity. However, the metabolic consequences of dietary fat can vary depending on their fatty acid composition. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to study the effect of the type and amount of dietary fat on the expression of genes controlling lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver or adipose tissue of rats. METHODS The expression of hepatic or adipose tissue lipid metabolic genes from Sprague Dawley or Zucker(fa/fa) rats, respectively, was measured after chronic consumption of diets containing different types/amounts of dietary fats or after rats were adapted for 2 months to a high-fat Western diet and then fed different types and amounts of fats. RESULTS Each fat or oil in the diet regulated differentially the expression of transcription factors involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation as well as some of its target genes in liver. The expression of these genes after a chronic consumption of a high-fat Western diet was reestablished in the presence of less dietary fat and was dependent on the type of fat. In obese Zucker(fa/fa) rats, consumption of a high-fat diet repressed the expression of lipogenic, fatty acid oxidation and thermogenic genes in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Type of fat influences the expression of genes that are involved in lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, but this response is repressed when the amount of dietary fat is excessive, diminishing the differences between each type of fat.
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Ortiz V, Alemán G, Escamilla-Del-Arenal M, Recillas-Targa F, Torres N, Tovar AR. Promoter characterization and role of CRE in the basal transcription of the rat SNAT2 gene. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E1092-102. [PMID: 21386061 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00459.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) is the most abundant and ubiquitous transporter for zwitterionic short-chain amino acids. The activity of this amino acid transporter is stimulated in vivo or in vitro by glucagon or cAMP analogs. However, it is not known whether the increase in activity at the protein level is due to an increase in SNAT2 gene transcription. Thus, the aim of the present work was to study whether cAMP was able to stimulate SNAT2 gene expression and to localize and characterize the presence of cAMP response elements (CRE) in the promoter that controls the expression of the rat SNAT2 gene. We found that consumption of a high-protein diet that increased serum glucagon concentration or the administration of glucagon or incubation of hepatocytes with forskolin increased the SNAT2 mRNA level. We then isolated the 5' regulatory region of the SNAT2 gene and determined that the transcriptional start site was located 970 bp upstream of the translation start codon. We identified two potential CRE sites located at -354 and -48 bp. Our results, using deletion analysis of the 5' regulatory region of the SNAT2 gene, revealed that the CRE site located at -48 bp was fully responsible for SNAT2 regulation by cAMP. This evidence was strongly supported by mutation of the CRE site and EMSA and ChIP analysis. Alignment of rat, mouse, and human sequences revealed that this CRE site is highly conserved among species, indicating its essential role in the regulation of SNAT2 gene expression.
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