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Jeffery S, Carter ND, Smith A. Thyroidectomy significantly alters carbonic anhydrase III concentration and fiber distribution in rat muscle. J Histochem Cytochem 1987; 35:663-8. [PMID: 2952707 DOI: 10.1177/35.6.2952707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroidectomy has a dramatic effect on rat muscle, greatly increasing the number of Type I fibers and the concentrations of carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) in the muscle. Carbonic anhydrase III is not confined to the Type I fibers, as was previously believed, but also occurs in fibers that exhibit a level of ATPase staining less than that of 2A fibers but greater than 2B. These fibers are rare in normal muscle but become numerous after thyroidectomy, when they stain heavily for CAIII.
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Smith A, Carter N, Jeffery S. Increased ATPase acid stability in type 1 fibers of rat soleus. J Histochem Cytochem 1987; 35:699-701. [PMID: 2437178 DOI: 10.1177/35.6.2437178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 fibers in skeletal muscle have been considered homogeneous on the basis of their acid-resistant ATPase activity. We have found that the Type 1 fibers in rat soleus are more resistant to prolonged acid pre-incubation than are those in other muscles.
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Jeffery S, Wilson CA, Mode A, Gustafsson JA, Carter ND. Effects of hypophysectomy and growth hormone infusion on rat hepatic carbonic anhydrases. J Endocrinol 1986; 110:123-6. [PMID: 3090184 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rat liver exhibits a reversed sexual dimorphism of its two endogenous soluble carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, CA II and CA III. Normal males have hepatic CA III concentrations ten-twenty times those in the female, while female liver contains two-three times more CA II than the male. Hypophysectomy abolishes this sexual differentiation, having no effect on male liver but producing isozyme concentrations in the female liver similar to those in the male. Infusion of a continuous level of GH into male rats induces a female-like isozyme pattern for both CA II and CA III.
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Jeffery S, Carter ND, Smith A. Immunocytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and III in rat skeletal muscle. J Histochem Cytochem 1986; 34:513-6. [PMID: 2936798 DOI: 10.1177/34.4.2936798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific antisera were raised against the three carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, CAI, CAII, and CAIII, and were used to determine the fiber distribution of these isozymes in skeletal muscle. Fiber types were determined by ATPase staining, and the CA isozymes were detected using a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. All three isozymes were present in type I fibers; CAII and CAIII were exclusive to these fibers, and CAI were also present in some small type 2A fibers.
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Jeffery S, Carter ND, Wilson CA. Rat liver carbonic anhydrase I is not sexually dimorphic but is estrogen repressible. Biosci Rep 1985; 5:735-8. [PMID: 3936559 DOI: 10.1007/bf01119871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes CAII and CAIII are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism in rat liver, and the levels of these isozymes are affected by sex hormones. In this paper we show that the isozyme CAI is present at low levels in rat liver, with no difference in concentration between male and female rats. Estrogen and diethylstilbestrol reduce CAI levels in both sexes.
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Heath R, Carter ND, Jeffery S, Edwards RJ, Watts DC, Watts RL. Evaluation of carrier detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using carbonic anhydrase III and creatine kinase. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1985; 21:291-6. [PMID: 3925781 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320210211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in plasma samples from a series of females at-risk as carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and compared with control groups. Both plasma CAIII and CK levels were raised in a proportion of carriers. Although measurement of CAIII and CK was no more successful in identifying carriers than CK alone, CAIII could fulfill a useful confirmatory role, particularly for cases with a marginally elevated CK or where the sample is poorly preserved. The difference between the CK and CAIII results could indicate biochemical heterogeneity in the expression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Heath R, Carter ND, Jeffery S, Edwards RJ, Watts DC, Watts RL, Rodeck C. Fetal plasma carbonic anhydrase III in prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1985; 20:115-22. [PMID: 3918446 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), a skeletal-muscle-specific enzyme which is elevated in the plasma of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, was measured by radioimmunoassay in fetal plasma in order to evaluate its application to prenatal diagnosis of DMD. Using fetoscopy, pure fetal blood samples were taken at 17-24 weeks gestation from 25 fetuses at risk for DMD and from 78 control fetuses. Care was taken in the handling and storage of all samples. Normal sons were born in eight cases at risk for DMD. The CAIII levels in the infants were not significantly different from those of the control infants. Pregnancies were terminated in the remaining 17 at-risk cases. The CAIII levels in the fetuses were significantly different (p = 0.0034) from those of the control fetuses, although the distributions overlapped. Based on prior maternal risk, seven affected fetuses were expected in the terminated group; five had CAIII levels at or above the 95th centile of the control range. It is suggested that measurement of CAIII achieves partial discrimination between affected fetuses and their normal at-risk brethren.
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Moyle S, Jeffery S, Carter ND. Localization of human muscle carbonic anhydrase isozymes using immunofluorescence. J Histochem Cytochem 1984; 32:1262-4. [PMID: 6438227 DOI: 10.1177/32.12.6438227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human muscle sections were examined for the presence of carbonic anhydrase using fluorescent second antibody and antisera specific for the three isozymes, carbonic anhydrase I (CAI), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), and carbonic anhydrase (CAIII). CAIII was present in all fibers, CAII only in the connective tissue, and CAI showed a weak association with the sarcolemma.
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Jeffery S, Carter ND, Wilson CA. Hypophysectomy abolishes sexual dimorphism of liver carbonic anhydrase III. FEBS Lett 1984; 175:129-30. [PMID: 6434343 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypophysectomy was found to have no effect on the concentration of carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) in male rat liver, whereas in the female, CAIII was elevated 10-fold, to male levels.
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Jeffery S, Carter ND, Wilson C. Carbonic anhydrase II isoenzyme in rat liver is under hormonal control. Biochem J 1984; 221:927-9. [PMID: 6433892 PMCID: PMC1144128 DOI: 10.1042/bj2210927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was developed. Rat livers were perfused with Ringer's solution and the hepatic CAII was measured. Concentrations of CAII in female liver were significantly higher than those in male liver. Castration increased the concentration in male liver, though not to that in females, and diethylstilboestrol treatment of castrated males gave values higher than those in females.
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Carter ND, Shiels A, Jeffery S, Heath R, Wilson CA, Phillips IR, Shephard EA. Hormonal control of carbonic anhydrase III. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1984; 429:287-301. [PMID: 6430169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb12352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Using radioimmunoassay, the concentration of carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) in the livers of adult male rats was found to be approximately 30 times greater than that observed in mature females. Castration of male rats led to a marked reduction in liver CA III concentrations that could be partially restored to control levels by testosterone replacement. Administration of testosterone to ovariectomized female rats induced about a 5-fold increase in liver CA III concentration. Immunoprecipitational analysis of the products of liver mRNA translation in vitro with antiserum specific for CA III showed that hormonal control of the levels of CA III in rat liver is mediated by changes in the amount of translatable CA III mRNA. Marked changes in liver CA III concentrations were also observed in developing and aging male rats. Different control mechanisms appear to operate in mouse and man.
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Carter ND, Heath R, Welty RJ, Hewett-Emmett D, Jeffery S, Shiels A, Tashian RE. Red cells genetically deficient in carbonic anhydrase II have elevated levels of a carbonic anhydrase indistinguishable from muscle CA III. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1984; 429:284-6. [PMID: 6430168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb12351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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139
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Heath R, Carter N, Jeffery S, Edwards R, Watts D, Watts R, Rodeck C. Fetal plasma carbonic anhydrase III and creatine kinase in Duchenne dystrophy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1984; 429:620-3. [PMID: 6430200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb12399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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140
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Shiels A, Jeffery S, Wilson C, Carter N. Radioimmunoassay of carbonic anhydrase III in rat tissues. Biochem J 1984; 218:281-4. [PMID: 6424658 PMCID: PMC1153339 DOI: 10.1042/bj2180281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the rat carbonic anhydrase III isoenzyme was developed. High concentrations of carbonic anhydrase III were detected in soleus muscle and male liver. Female liver and other skeletal muscles contained significantly lower concentrations, and only trace amounts were found in heart, prostate, kidney, brain, plasma, urine and, possibly, erythrocytes.
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Carter ND, Chegwidden WR, Hewett-Emmett D, Jeffery S, Shiels A, Tashian RE. Novel inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and III by carbamoyl phosphate. FEBS Lett 1984; 165:197-200. [PMID: 6420187 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbamoyl phosphate has been shown to inhibit carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes CA I, CA II and CA III. This physiologically important molecule is the most potent, naturally occurring inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase yet found. It is also unique, among carbonic anhydrase inhibitors discovered hitherto, in that it inhibits the 3 isozymes with equal effect, despite their strikingly different properties. The results imply the participation of carbonic anhydrase in the regulation of substrate availability for the urea cycle.
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Jeffery S, Carter ND, Shiels A. Novel purification of carbonic anhydrase III from human, rat and baboon muscle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 78:433-6. [PMID: 6432425 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(84)90054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new method of inhibitor elution from DEAE cellulose is described for carbonic anhydrase III. Highly purified fractions free of other isozymes were obtained after one column elution.
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Shiels A, Jeffery S, Phillips IR, Shephard EA, Wilson CA, Carter ND. Sexual differentiation of rat liver carbonic anhydrase III. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 760:335-42. [PMID: 6414524 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(83)90370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Using radioimmunoassay, the concentration of carbonic anhydrase III in the livers of adult male rats was found to be approx. 30-times greater than that observed in mature females. Castration of male rats led to a marked reduction in liver carbonic anhydrase III concentrations which could be partially restored to control levels by testosterone replacement. Administration of testosterone to ovariectomised female rats induced about a 5-fold increase in liver carbonic anhydrase III concentration. Immunoprecipitation analysis of the products of liver mRNA translation in vitro with antiserum specific for carbonic anhydrase III showed that hormonal control of the levels of carbonic anhydrase III in liver is mediated by changes in the amount of translatable carbonic anhydrase III mRNA. Marked changes in liver carbonic anhydrase III concentrations were also observed in developing and ageing male rats.
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Carter ND, Heath R, Jeffery S, Jackson MJ, Newham DJ, Edwards RH. Carbonic anhydrase III in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 133:201-8. [PMID: 6414742 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(83)90405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Plasma carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) levels determined by radioimmunoassay have been compared, in detail, with creatine kinase (CK) as indices of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). CAIII levels were markedly elevated in all patients but variability of levels in a number of individual patients was higher than CK.
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Shiels A, Jeffery S, Phillips IR, Shephard EA, Wilson CA, Carter ND. Androgen-linked control of rat liver carbonic anhydrase III. Biosci Rep 1983; 3:475-8. [PMID: 6411140 DOI: 10.1007/bf01121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) in male rat liver was found to be 30 times greater than that in the female. Castration of male rats led to marked reduction in liver CAIII concentrations which could be partially restored to control levels by testosterone replacement. Marked developmental and senescence changes in liver CAIII were also observed in male rats.
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Shiels A, Phillips I, Jeffery S, Shephard E, Carter N. Synthesis of rat muscle carbonic anhydrase III in a cell-free translation system. FEBS Lett 1982; 148:122-5. [PMID: 6184246 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)81256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) was identified in the products of rat soleus muscle RNA translation in vitro by both a radioimmunoassay and a specific immunoprecipitation technique followed by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the precipitated antigen. The primary translation product has the same Mr-value as the native isoenzyme. CA III mRNA was found to represent approximately 0.55% of the total mRNA present in rat soleus muscle.
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Heath R, Jeffery S, Carter N. Radioimmunoassay of human muscle carbonic anhydrase III in dystrophic states. Clin Chim Acta 1982; 119:299-305. [PMID: 6802521 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(82)90343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A radioimmunoassay for the human isozyme carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) has been developed. The assay can detect levels as low as 4 microgram/l of sample. Plasma CAIII levels in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy were found to be up to 39 times greater than levels in a control group. Urine CAIII levels in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy were not significantly different from the levels found in urine from normal adults. Measurement of plasma CAIII levels may be useful in prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and in investigation of adult skeletal muscle disease.
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Jeffery D, Edwards YH, Jackson MJ, Jeffery S, Carter ND. Zinc and carbonic anhydrase III distribution in mammalian muscle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 73:971-5. [PMID: 6817966 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(82)90345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zinc and carbonic anhydrase III measurement in human and rat muscle extracts indicate that: 1. About one fifth of zinc in human soleus is associated with carbonic anhydrase III isozyme, and even higher levels of zinc and carbonic anhydrase III are found in rat soleus, where about one half of the zinc is in carbonic anhydrase III. Other muscle was also analysed in a similar way, (see text). Heart is notable in containing lower levels of zinc but negligible carbonic anhydrase III. 2. Treatment of muscle with water or phosphate solutions showed that all the carbonic anhydrase III was water extractable, whereas significant zinc remained bound, but was partially extractable by phosphate solutions. 3. Dialysis of muscle extracts showed that whilst some zinc was dialysable, there was no significant contribution from the carbonic anhydrase III in the dialysed extract. EDTA enhanced the release of dialysable zinc from muscle extract. These findings are discussed in relation to muscle disease.
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