Double staining by vaporized osmium tetroxide-hydrazine hydrate of biological specimens for non-coated scanning electron microscopy

Sufficient electron conductivity was obtained in biological specimens following double staining with vaporized osmium tetroxide and hydrazine hydrate for non-gold coated scanning electron microscopic observations. No charging was noted at 25 kV acceleration voltage in rat kidney, liver or other specimens. The foot processes of the glomerular podocytes and micropores of the glomerular endothelium as well as the intracellular endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells were particularly well visualized without the addition of evaporated metal. Repeating this vapor phase osmication method produced even higher contrast at high magnifications compared to the single vaporized osmication method.

The Effect of an Oxygen-free Atmosphere on Net Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Leaves

Stomata of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves failed to open in the light and close in the dark or respond to changes in the CO(2) concentration of the atmosphere in either light or dark when the leaves were in an O(2)-free atmosphere. In contrast, the expected responses to environmental changes were found in atmospheres containing 1.5% O(2). It appears that O(2) is necessary for both opening and closing of wheat and barley stomata.