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Abstract
Viral folliculitis is an infrequently reported entity. We describe two patients with viral folliculitides, including a case of herpetic sycosis caused by herpes simplex (HSV) and a case of herpes zoster (HZ) without blisters. Clinicians should consider viral etiologies in the differential diagnosis of superficial infectious folliculitis, especially those cases refractory to antibacterial or antifungal therapy.
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Nieves DS, James WD. Painful red nodules of the legs: a manifestation of chronic infection with gram-negative organisms. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41:319-21. [PMID: 10426919 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin infection secondary to gram-negative organisms is uncommon and is typically limited to persons who are immunocompromised. When these do occur, they are acute, progressive, and severe. Here we report 2 cases of painful red nodules that presented with a waxing and waning course over a long period. One case is that of a 45-year-old healthy white man who developed Serratia marcescens infection in 1 leg. The other case is that of a 78-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with prednisone who developed infection of the leg secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the first case, symptoms were present for 2 years before definitive diagnosis and treatment. In the second case, 4 months elapsed. Ultimately, both patients responded to antibiotic therapy and recovered. These cases illustrate an unusual presentation of chronic red painful nodules of the leg secondary to infection with gram-negative organisms and underscore the importance of culture even when infection seems unlikely.
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Abstract
The appearance of skin lesions in patients with occult or obvious malignancy may be of extreme value in the detection and management of cancer because the skin is readily accessible to examination and biopsy. Examination of the skin of our patients can provide important insights into underlying malignant processes or possible complications from cancer treatment. The range of cutaneous abnormalities is wide, and include cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes such as xanthomas, acanthosis nigricans, carcinoid syndrome, unusual erythematous eruptions such as erythema gyratum repens, and a number of genetic syndromes associated with malignancies and inherited dermatoses.
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Abstract
A woman presented with a swollen red leg of 2 weeks' duration. Culture of the skin biopsy specimen confirmed this to be an infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii. Systemic evaluation led to the diagnosis of Cushing's disease and explained the unusual morphology. Treatment-related complications are also discussed.
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Abstract
Types of lesions and patterns of distribution aid in the recognition of viral exanthems. Varicella and hand-foot-and-mouth disease can appear atypically in areas of inflammation. We describe 5 cases of morphologically altered exanthems that localized early and preferentially to areas of inflammation.
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131
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James WD. A historical perspective of military dermatology. Cutis 1998; 62:10. [PMID: 9675523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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132
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James WD. On the importance of the clinician-educator. Dermatology fellowship for academic clinician teachers. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1998; 134:151-3. [PMID: 9487206 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.134.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Within each academic dermatology department there usually exists one clinician who is viewed as the "gold standard" against which diagnostic and therapeutic acumen are measured. As a patient with a puzzling disorder is discussed at rounds, it is to this master that the final word falls, whose recommendation for treatment gets the nod; it is to his or her words that people remain quiet and listen intently. They are commonly also the leading teachers in the medical centers, passing on to succeeding generations the factual knowledge, spiced with bits of philosophy, ethics, and anecdote, that helps to ensure the development of dermatology residents into superb practitioners. They are often the ones most responsible for generating medical student interest in our specialty. Such individuals in our current lingo are "clinician-educators," the rock residents depend on to provide role models to emulate in the diagnosis, care, and treatment of our patients and to whom the community looks to for help in caring for their patients with the most difficult diagnoses.
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Walsh DS, Peacocke M, Harrington A, James WD, Tsou HC. Patterns of X chromosome inactivation in sporadic basal cell carcinomas: evidence for clonality. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38:49-55. [PMID: 9448205 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) contain genetic mutations, suggesting that the lesion is composed of a monoclonal population of cells. Clonality, a distinguishing feature of neoplasia, can be inferred by referencing clonal markers such as the pattern of X chromosome inactivation. The X-linked human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA; GenBank) contains a polymorphic DNA marker that reliably illustrates the pattern of X chromosome inactivation in a tissue. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the clonality of sporadic BCCs by examining patterns of X chromosome inactivation. METHODS The patterns of X chromosome inactivation in paired samples of normal skin and sporadic BCCs from 24 women were compared by means of the HUMARA gene assay. RESULTS All samples from normal skin displayed random X chromosome inactivation, consistent with lyonization. In 15 of 25 tumor samples (60%), nonrandom X chromosome inactivation was detected, consistent with monoclonality. CONCLUSION At least some sporadic BCCs are composed of a monoclonal population of cells, strengthening the contention that a collection of mutations confers a growth advantage to this epithelial lesion.
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Weiss RR, James WD. Allergic contact dermatitis from aromatherapy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONTACT DERMATITIS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CONTACT DERMATITIS SOCIETY 1997; 8:250-1. [PMID: 9358122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis secondary to aromatherapy has been only rarely reported. We present 39-year-old woman who had used aromatherapy products for approximately 2 to 3 years who presented with an erythematous eruption on her face and chest. Patch testing showed a positive reaction to neomycin and fragrance mix. On cessation of her aromatherapy products, her eruption rapidly resolved. Aromatherapy products containing essential oils may need to be considered as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis because of the increasing popularity of this treatment.
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Montemarano AD, Sau P, Johnson FB, James WD. Cutaneous granulomas caused by an aluminum-zirconium complex: an ingredient of antiperspirants. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37:496-8. [PMID: 9308573 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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136
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Miller J, James WD, Cotsarelis G. Epinephrine-induced ischemia. Int J Dermatol 1997; 36:719-20. [PMID: 9352421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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137
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Montemarano AD, Sau P, Johnson FB, James WD. Cutaneous granulomas caused by an aluminum-zirconium complex: An ingredient of antiperspirants. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(18)30761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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138
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Weinberg JM, Mysliwiec A, Turiansky GW, Redfield R, James WD. Viral folliculitis. Atypical presentations of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and molluscum contagiosum. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1997; 133:983-6. [PMID: 9267244 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.133.8.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral folliculitis is an infrequently reported entity. The patients described herein were seen over a 12-year period of practice in a referral dermatologic setting. The cases involve a variety of viral infections limited to the hair follicle. OBSERVATIONS We describe 5 patients with a variety of viral folliculitides: 2 with herpetic sycosis caused by herpes simplex; 1 with herpex simplex folliculitis (this patient also had human immunodeficiency virus); 1 with herpes zoster without blisters; and 1 with molluscum contagiosum. CONCLUSIONS These 5 cases demonstrate that viral folliculitis has varied causes and presentations. Clinicians should consider viral agents in the differential diagnosis of superficial infectious folliculitis, especially in cases that are refractory to antibacterial or antifungal therapy.
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Tangoren IA, Weinberg JM, Ioffreda M, Werth VP, James WD. Penile porokeratosis of Mibelli. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36:479-81. [PMID: 9091486 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)80233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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141
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Lazas DJ, James WD, Yancey KB, Kikendall JW, Wong RKH. Esophageal Stricture in a Patient with Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: Endoscopic and Medical Management. J Cutan Med Surg 1997. [DOI: 10.1177/120347549700100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: This 40-year-old man with extensive and severe epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) developed an esophageal stricture that caused dysphagia and limited his nutritional intake. Objective: The purpose of the evaluation and management was to relieve the symptomatic obstruction so that he could better swallow food and medications. Methods: Endoscopic visualization of the stricture allowed for balloon dilation to be effected. The radial forces applied probably allowed for a less traumatic intervention than the linear shearing forces of bougienage. Results: The stricture widened and immediately provided less dysphagia and better tolerance in ingesting food. Medical treatment with sucralfate, known to bind to and protect ulcer bases, also improved his symptoms. Conclusions: Esophageal strictures are relatively uncommon in patients with EBA; however, when faced with a stricture in this or other scarring bullous diseases that affect the esophagus, endoscopic balloon dilation combined with postprocedure sucralfate offers improvement with advantages over older methods of intervention.
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142
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Maggio KL, Singer MT, James WD. Clinical pearl: discoid lupus erythematosus--treatment with occlusive compression. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 35:627-8. [PMID: 8859295 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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143
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Smack DP, Harrington AC, Dunn C, Howard RS, Szkutnik AJ, Krivda SJ, Caldwell JB, James WD. Infection and allergy incidence in ambulatory surgery patients using white petrolatum vs bacitracin ointment. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1996; 276:972-7. [PMID: 8805732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of white petrolatum vs bacitracin ointment on wound infection incidence, allergic contact dermatitis incidence, and healing characteristics. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, prospective trial comparing white petrolatum with bacitracin ointment in postprocedure wound care. SETTING A general outpatient dermatology clinic and a tertiary referral advanced surgical procedure clinic at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. PATIENTS A total of 922 patients who had dermatologic surgery with a total of 1249 wounds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence of infection and allergic contact dermatitis during a follow-up period of 4 weeks. Healing characteristics were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Of the 922 patients enrolled, 440 in the white petrolatum group and 444 in the bacitracin group were evaluable for clinical response. The 2 treatment groups had comparable baseline characteristics. Thirteen patients developed postprocedure infection (1.5%), 9 (2.0%) in the white petrolatum group vs 4 (0.9%) in the bacitracin group (95% confidence interval for difference, -0.4% to 2.7%; P=.37). Eight infections (1.8%) in the white petrolatum group were due to Staphylococcus aureus vs none in the bacitracin group (P=.004). No patient in the group using white petrolatum developed allergic contact dermatitis vs 4 patients (0.9%) in the group using bacitracin (P=.12). Additionally, there were no clinically significant differences in healing between the treatment groups on day 1 (P=.98), day 7 (P=.86), or day 28 (P=.28) after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS White petrolatum is a safe, effective wound care ointment for ambulatory surgery. In comparison with bacitracin, white petrolatum possesses an equally low infection rate and minimal risk for induction of allergy.
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James WD. Dermatologic formularies in the managed care setting. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1996; 132:1120-1. [PMID: 8795559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Formularies and formulary systems are not a new concept in medical practice. In this country, they have been used in selected settings since the Revolutionary War and formal guidelines were published in 1933. They are in essence a collection of prescribing policies of physicians in a particular practice setting. Formularies are administered by a system in which medical staff members working through a pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee recommend, evaluate, appraise, and select drugs to be included in the medication list. The system also develops, maintains, and enforces policies regarding how restrictive the process will be and what methods will be used to ensure compliance and verify that educational and quality standards are met.
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Krivda SJ, Roy MJ, Chung RC, James WD. Cutaneous findings in Gulf War veterans. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1996; 132:846-7. [PMID: 8678592 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.132.7.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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147
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Walsh DS, Tsou HC, Harrington A, James WD, Peacocke M. Clonality of basal cell carcinoma--molecular analysis of an interesting case. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:579-82. [PMID: 8648198 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12344982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells represent a single clone of cells that have undergone a series of mutations in genomic DNA. This process, known as clonal evolution, is a distinguishing feature of cancer. The human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA; GenBank) contains a highly polymorphic cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide repeat that can be used to determine clonality by depicting X chromosome inactivation patterns. Random X chromosome inactivation is consistent with polyclonality; nonrandom X chromosome inactivation indicates a clonal population of cells. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) demonstrates an atypical growth pattern in that it grows slowly, rarely metastasizes, and is rarely lethal. Whether this tumor results from the accumulation of mutations in a single cell with subsequent clonal expansion or reflects a polyclonal response by a group of cells to a growth stimulus is unknown. To provide further insight into the molecular events characterizing BCCs, we determined the clonal origin of five modular BCCs from a female patient by analyzing X chromosome inactivation patterns at the HUMARA locus. All tumors demonstrated a nonrandom pattern of X chromosome inactivation, consistent with monoclonal proliferation. These findings provide strong genetic evidence that sporadic BCCs develop by clonal evolution and support the contention that a series of mutations in a single cell is responsible for the altered growth state seen in these transformed epithelial cells.
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Young PC, Montemarano AD, Lee N, Sau P, Weiss RB, James WD. Hypersensitivity to paclitaxel manifested as a bullous fixed drug eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34:313-4. [PMID: 8642105 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)80147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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149
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Steger JW, Wolverton SE, Greenberg RD, Ling MR, Resnick SD, James WD. Dermatologic drug formulary: an American Academy of Dermatology white paper. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34:99-109. [PMID: 8543702 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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150
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Walsh DS, Dunn CL, James WD. Improvement in androgenetic alopecia (stage V) using topical minoxidil in a retinoid vehicle and oral finasteride. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1995; 131:1373-5. [PMID: 7492124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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