[The trends of mood disorders in ICD-11: bipolar and depressive disorders]

The international classification of diseases 11th (ICD-11) revision is due by 2015. The ICD-11 beta draft has recently been released, which includes a prospective change in the content of mood disorders. The ICD-11 may separate the disorders into bipolar and depressive disorders as a consequence of an evaluation for the feasibility of a meta-structure for mental and behavioral disorders. In addition, the bipolar disorders may be divided into type I and II disorders. The depressive disorders may include new diseases, i. e., disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, mixed depressive anxiety, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Our epidemiological data from patients with mood disorders diagnosed using the ICD-10 or DSM-IV have proven their utility in clinical use, and suggested a required revision for the criteria of the diagnosis. A part of persistent mood disorders, such as cyclothymia and dysthymia, seem to be the prodromal state of bipolar disorders. For an accurate assessment of manic and hypomanic episodes, a precise estimation of the physiological effects of antidepressants as well as a sufficient review of clinical information from family members of patients are mandatory. The mixed affective episode may be deleted in the new version, because our data also indicate that this episode is a very rare clinical state. Moreover, it appears that inpatients with bipolar II disorder diagnosed by the DSM-IV in our hospital showed heterogeneous clinical properties, such as the onset age and interval between the first depressive and first hypomanic episode. After a worldwide and intensive discussion, it appears that the newly revised ICD-11 will be an advanced scientific tool for psychiatry.

[Recent progress of the ICD-11]

The ICD-11 is being developed for publication in 2015, while another important diagnostic classification system, the DSM-5, is being finalized and prepared for publication in 2013. This paper provided an overview of the revision process and also the current status of the drafts of both systems. In addition, the Global Clinical Practice Network, an online network created by the WHO for clinicians throughout the world to participate in the revision efforts for the ICD-11 by reviewing the proposals, providing feedback on them, and participating in field trials, is introduced.

[Toward a revision of ICD: current discussion on stress-related disorders]

Under the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (F43) is unique in that the disorders are defined by a stressor which caused the disorder, along with the specific psychiatric symptoms. Acute stress reactions (F43.0), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (F43.1), adjustment disorder (F43.2), and other reactions to severe stress are grouped into this category. Major conceptual change in F43 is discussed and will be proposed upon the next revision of the ICD. The proposal will include the removal of acute stress reactions from F43 to normalize such reactions, including PTSD and complex PTSD under traumatic stress disorder, introducing prolonged grief disorder, and a redefining of adjustment disorder. Further discussion and field testing of this proposed definition will follow before the release of ICD-11. There are claims that the disorder concept, typical clinical features, and its way of formulation are based on Western views and, consequently, operational classification is difficult to use in Asian cultures and societies. There are multiple avenues to provide feedback during the process of the revision; thus, more input from Japanese psychiatrists is awaited.

Comparing the use of SNOMED CT and ICD10 for coding clinical conditions to implement laboratory guidelines

Laboratory medicine is responsible for an important part of hospital expenditure. Providing appropriate decision support to laboratory test requesters at the point of care is one of the main incentives for implementing laboratory guidelines, which can improve medical care. Laboratory guidelines developed by local experts in the Parisian region and two national guidelines for dyslipidemia were analyzed to extract test ordering recommendations. Clinical conditions which can be a trigger to order or not to order laboratory tests were extracted and mapped with ICD10 and SNOMED CT: 43.1% of clinical conditions were matched by ICD10 whereas SNOMED CT covered 80.1% of these conditions. For the non-mapped conditions, the main problem was found to be the ambiguity of the terms used in the guidelines. Ordinal characteristics of some clinical conditions and using terms more specific than SNOMED CT were other causes of mapping failure. Applying consistent and explicit concepts in the development of guidelines would lead to better implementation. By resolving the guideline ambiguity, SNOMED CT is a good choice and covers almost all of the clinical conditions in laboratory guidelines which are needed to implement in a Clinical Decision Support System.

Social network integration of the ICD11 revision platform

Classification revision and update can be defined as a social experience, with the participating community of experts behaving like a social network. ICD11 is being revised using an innovative web based process, for which we envisioned also tools for social platforms integration. The present poster preliminarily describes the Facebook tools developed for soliciting expert and participation in the ICD11 revision process.

Program for validation of aggregated hospital discharge data

Hospitals are major providers of health services and analysis of hospital activity data is of great interest for both policy makers and public health researchers. The WHO Regional Office for Europe disseminates the hospital discharge data from European countries through the European Hospital Morbidity Database, available on http://data.euro.who.int/hmdb. In order to ensure that reliable high quality data on hospital activities can be published in a timely manner, a program for validation of hospital discharge data has been developed using the R language for statistical computing. This program has been in use since the October 2012 version of the European Hospital Morbidity Database and its use has contributed to improved quality and comparability of data on hospital activities across Europe.

Sharing ontology between ICD 11 and SNOMED CT will enable seamless re-use and semantic interoperability

In order to support semantic interoperability in eHealth systems, domain terminologies need to be carefully designed. SNOMED CT and the upcoming ICD-11 represent a new generation of ontology-based terminologies and classifications. The proposed alignment of these two systems and, in consequence, the validity of their cross-utilisation requires a thorough analysis of the intended meaning of their representational units. We present the ICD11 SNOMED CT harmonization process including: a) the clarification of the interpretation of codes in both systems as representing situations rather than conditions, b) the principles proposed for aligning the two systems with the help of a common ontology, c) the high level design of this common ontology, and d) further ontology-driven issues that have arisen in the course of this work.

Diagnostic criteria for headache attributed to temporomandibular disorders

AIMS

We assessed and compared the diagnostic accuracy of two sets of diagnostic criteria for headache secondary to temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

METHODS

In 373 headache subjects with TMD, a TMD headache reference standard was defined as: self-reported temple headache, consensus diagnosis of painful TMD and replication of the temple headache using TMD-based provocation tests. Revised diagnostic criteria for Headache attributed to TMD were selected using the RPART (recursive partitioning and regression trees) procedure, and refined in half of the data set. Using the remaining half of the data, the diagnostic accuracy of the revised criteria was compared to that of the International Headache Society's International Classification of Headache Diseases (ICHD)-II criteria A to C for Headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder.

RESULTS

Relative to the TMD headache reference standard, ICHD-II criteria showed sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 33%. The revised criteria for Headache attributed to TMD had sensitivity of 89% with improved specificity of 87% (p < 0.001). These criteria are (1) temple area headache that is changed with jaw movement, function or parafunction and (2) provocation of that headache by temporalis muscle palpation or jaw movement.

CONCLUSION

Having significantly better specificity than the ICHD-II criteria A to C, the revised criteria are recommended to diagnose headache secondary to TMD.

The DRG shift: a new twist for ICD-10 preparation

Analysis of your specific business is a key component of ICD-10 implementation. An understanding of your organization's current reimbursement trends will go a long way to assessing and preparing for the impact of ICD-10 in your environment. If you cannot be prepared for each detailed scenario, remember that much of the analysis and resolution requires familiar coding, DRG analysis, and claims processing best practices. Now, they simply have the new twist of researching new codes and some new concepts. The news of a delay in the implementation compliance date, along with the release of grouper Version 29, should encourage your educational and business analysis efforts. This is a great opportunity to maintain open communication with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human Services, and Centers for Disease Control. This is also a key time to report any unusual or discrepant findings in order to provide input to the final rule.