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Kondo E, Kanai K. Fatty acid-sensitive acid phosphatase activity of tubercle bacilli. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1992; 45:19-34. [PMID: 1640647 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.45.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a whole cell assay system with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis were identical in the pH-activity pattern of acid phosphatase. It was a one-peak curve with a pH optimum at 6.2 and sharp symmetrical slopes. The enzymatic activity did not reflect the virulence. When the cells were subjected to mechanical fractionation, the major part of the enzymatic activity was found in a particulate fraction and a minor portion in supernatant and cell walls, suggesting the location of the enzyme in the membrane. Exposure of the cells to free long-chain fatty acids, especially unsaturated ones, reduced the enzymatic activity in a dose-response manner with concomitant decrease in the viability. However, no causal relationship between these two effects was suggested from the collateral experiments.
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152
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Harada S, Takagi S, Kosada Y, Kondo E. Hinge region of human IgG2 protein: Conformational studies with monoclonal antibodies. Mol Immunol 1992; 29:145-9. [PMID: 1371819 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(92)90095-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously produced three anti-human IgG2 mAbs with high specificity and found that they recognize distinct epitopes in the hinge region and neighboring residues in human IgG2: HG2-6A was reactive with the hinge region (Glu216-Pro230); HG2-56F with the Pro234 residue and HG2-30F with the Val235 residue. In this study, we evaluated the reactivities of those three mAbs with human IgG2 protein under various conditions. The results obtained using HG2-6A mAb indicated that the hinge region was concealed in the native form, but exposed after heat treatment at 63 degrees C, or chemical treatment with 3 M KSCN, 3 M guanidine, 30% CH3CN, 8 M urea or acid at pH 2.0 as well as by adsorption onto polystyrene beads. The IgG2 hinge region was also exposed after binding to specific antigens. The Pro234 residue recognized by HG2-56F mAb was exposed under all conditions studied. The neighboring Val235 residue recognized by HG2-30F, however, was completely concealed in the native and antigen-bound states. Only treatment with 3 M guanidine and acid at pH 2.0, or physical adsorption induced conformational changes to partially expose the Val235 residue.
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153
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Kondo E, Naigowit P, Phanichruttiwong P, Petkanchanapong W, Chetanachan P, Thirawattanasuk N, Kanai K. Fatty acid profile and acid phosphatase activity of fresh isolates of Pseudomonas pseudomallei. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1991; 44:195-211. [PMID: 1725884 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.44.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-one fresh isolates of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from melioidosis patients were subjected to the analysis for the fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and pH-dependent pattern of nonspecific phosphatase activity. All the test strains were identical in the GLC profile showing the three peaks of characteristic hydroxy acids (3-OH 14:0, 2-OH 16:0, 3-OH 16:0) and the two prominent peaks of cyclopropane acids (17:0 delta, 19:0 delta). They had also basically the same pH-dependent curves of the enzymatic activity with paranitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, showing two to three peaks or shoulders only in the acidic side of the curve. These two biochemical characteristics could differentiate P. pseudomallei distinctly from P. aeruginosa, but not from P. cepacia.
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154
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Kondo E, Petkanchanapong V, Naigowit P, Kurata T, Kanai K. Demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in antigenic glycoprotein fractions obtained from the culture filtrate of Pseudomonas pseudomallei. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1991; 44:213-24. [PMID: 1725885 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.44.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative microorganism of melioidosis, was grown in Mueller-Hinton liquid medium, and glycoprotein fractions were separated from the culture filtrate by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration with Sephadex G-75, and column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose. The fractions revealed acid phosphatase activity, and reacted to the sera from melioidosis patient in gel-diffusion precipitation assay.
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155
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Kanai K, Kondo E. Substrate response in acid phosphatase activity of Pseudomonas pseudomallei and Pseudomonas cepacia, with special reference to tyrosine phosphatase. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1991; 44:225-37. [PMID: 1725886 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.44.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The substrate response in acid phosphatase activity of Pseudomonas pseudomallei and Pseudomonas cepacia was examined with different phosphate esters including hexose phosphates and phosphoaminoacids in a whole cell assay system. The enzymatic activity against each substrate was evaluated in terms of percent activity to that against para-nitrophenyl phosphate set as 100. A remarkable finding was that the phosphatase reaction was the highest with phosphotyrosine or phosphoserine as substrate showing 180% activity. This tyrosine phosphatase activity was resistant to heating at 60 C for 20 min and inhibited greatly by 0.1% ZnCl2. Pseudomonas cepacia showed the same pattern of substrate response and the same characteristics of tyrosine phosphatase activity.
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156
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Harada S, Hata S, Kosada Y, Kondo E. Identification of epitopes recognized by a panel of six anti-human IgG2 monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 1991; 141:89-96. [PMID: 1713936 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(91)90213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human IgG2 contains several subclass specific amino acid residues or deletions in the CH1 and CH2 domains and also in the hinge region. These substituted residues are the structural correlates for IgG2 specific epitopes. Since human IgG2 has different biological properties from other subclasses, some IgG2 epitopes may be located in regions correlating with sites determining the biological functions. Previously, we produced three anti-IgG2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with highly specific and interesting reactivities using improved immunization protocols. However, it has been almost impossible to identify epitopes conventionally, because human IgG2 is so resistant to proteolysis that various proteolytic fragments could not be isolated. In this study, we identified the epitopes recognized by anti-IgG2 mAbs by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, amino acid sequence analysis and peptide/mAb binding ELISA, thus overcoming the need for fragment isolation. A panel of six anti-human IgG2 mAbs, including the current WHO/IUIS specificity standards (HP6002, HP6008, HP6014) and our own (HG2-6A, HG2-30F, HG2-56F), reacted with distinct epitopes. The residues essential to expression of the epitopes recognized by the mAbs were: Pro234, Val235 and Val309 for HG2-56F, HG2-30F and HP6008, respectively. HP6014 reacted with the epitope expressed by Thr214 and its neighboring residues. HG2-6A was reactive with the hinge region, and HP6002 was assumed to be directed against discontinuous epitopes requiring intact Fc for expression. Through these studies, the pepsin and papain cleavage sites of human IgG2 were also clarified.
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157
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Fujiwara K, Akagi T, Nakamura S, Fujio K, Kondo E. [An autopsy case of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with peculiar histopathological features modified by a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy]. KOKYU TO JUNKAN. RESPIRATION & CIRCULATION 1991; 39:697-701. [PMID: 1896664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A case is reported of adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) combined with barotrauma due to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy. The patient was a 32-year-old woman with fulminant hepatitis, type B, who died of ARDS 22 days after the onset of the illness. The autopsy revealed extraordinary heavy lungs (left: 923g, right: 985g) with edema in the peripheral part and marked emphysematous changes in the central part near the hili. Histologically, scattered foci of intra-alveolar organization and interstitial fibrosis with hemorrhage were observed, which might have been the result of the proceeding pneumonia. The emphysematous lesion seen in this case was peculiar and not like any type of of ordinary pulmonary emphysema. Judging from the strange, sharply demarcated emphysematous lesion with marked destruction of alveolar structure, and the good preservation of the alveolar structure in the edematous lesion, the emphysematous lesion might be barotrauma which was induced by PEEP therapy on top of pneumonia.
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158
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Kondo E, Dejsirilert S, Wejprasit N, Chiewsilp D, Kanai K. Heat-stable and heat-labile components of nonspecific acid phosphatase detected in Pseudomonas pseudomallei. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1991; 44:51-62. [PMID: 1720181 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.44.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a whole cell assay system with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei showed a two-peak pattern in pH activity curve of acid phosphatase, suggesting the presence of two enzyme components different in pH optimum (4.2 and 5.2). The component of 5.2 pH optimum was detected in the outer membrane fraction and the activity was resistant to heating at 70 C for 30 min. The other component of 4.2 pH optimum was heat-labile. No substantial difference was observed in the enzymatic activity between R and S type colonies.
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159
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Dejsirilert S, Kondo E, Chiewsilp D, Kanai K. Growth and survival of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in acidic environments. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1991; 44:63-74. [PMID: 1720182 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.44.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A study was made on the growth and survival of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in culture environments differing in nutrients, initial pH, and aeration, in comparison with Pseudomonas cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The observations led us to a view that P. pseudomallei has the highest adaptability to acidic environments among the three species. Unlike the other species, it grew in heart infusion broth of initial pH 4.5 under aeration and survived keeping a high level (10(9) per ml) of viable counts for as long as 30 days. This sort of adaptation was found to be more evident in the media of poor nutrition and under limited aeration.
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160
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Yamamoto T, Naigowit P, Dejsirilert S, Chiewsilp D, Kondo E, Yokota T, Kanai K. In vitro susceptibilities of Pseudomonas pseudomallei to 27 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34:2027-9. [PMID: 2291671 PMCID: PMC171985 DOI: 10.1128/aac.34.10.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated in Thailand from 1981 to 1989 were tested for their in vitro susceptibilities to 27 antimicrobial agents, including older and newer quinolones, broad-spectrum cephems, carbapenems, monobactams, penicillins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, rifamycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Tosufloxacin, meropenem, CS-533, and minocycline were active against P. pseudomallei at levels comparable to or even greater than those of antimicrobial agents tested in previous studies, such as ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, carumonam, and piperacillin. Drug-resistant P. pseudomallei was found in only 1% of the isolates. The drug-resistant P. pseudomallei isolates displayed a unique pattern of susceptibility to the above-listed drugs.
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161
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Kuwajima G, Kawagishi I, Homma M, Asaka J, Kondo E, Macnab RM. Export of an N-terminal fragment of Escherichia coli flagellin by a flagellum-specific pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:4953-7. [PMID: 2662190 PMCID: PMC297534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Flagellin and several other external components of the bacterial flagellum are thought to be exported, not by the general N-terminal signal peptide-dependent pathway, but by a flagellum-specific pathway involving a central channel in the flagellum itself. We have constructed a variety of mutant alleles of the Escherichia coli flagellin gene. Mutant flagellins with large internal deletions or truncations of their C-terminal region could still be exported, even though they could not assemble into filament. The most extreme example was a fragment containing only the N-terminal 183 residues of the 497-residue wild-type flagellin. This result suggests that the N-terminal region of flagellin contains a signal that enables the protein to be recognized and exported by the flagellum-specific pathway.
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162
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Mizushima H, Kudo I, Horigome K, Murakami M, Hayakawa M, Kim DK, Kondo E, Tomita M, Inoue K. Purification of rabbit platelet secretory phospholipase A2 and its characteristics. J Biochem 1989; 105:520-5. [PMID: 2668261 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported previously that rat platelets release phospholipase A2 upon in vitro stimulation by thrombin, ADP, or A23187 (Horigome, K., Hayakawa, M., Inoue, K., & Nojima, S. (1987) J. Biochem. 101, 53-61). Secretion of phospholipase A2 was also observed with rabbit platelets. Rabbit platelets seem to release phospholipase A2 upon stimulation in vivo, because the rabbit plasma taken immediately after intravenous injection of PAF contained an appreciable level of phospholipase A2 activity and fewer platelets. Rabbit platelet phospholipase A2 released in vitro was purified by column chromatography using Sepharose CL-4B conjugated with anti-rat platelet derived phospholipase A2 monoclonal antibody, followed by reversed-phase HPLC. The purified enzyme was subjected to structural analysis by HPLC peptide mapping and primary sequence determination of the separated peptides. Based on the homology with rat platelet secretory phospholipase A2 (Hayakawa, M., Kudo, I., Tomita, M., Nojima, S., & Inoue, K. (1988) J. Biochem. 104, 767-772), a partial primary structure (62 amino acid residues) of the rabbit enzyme was tentatively determined; the two sequences were highly homologous (72%). The rabbit sequence was also nearly identical to that of rabbit ascitic fluid phospholipase A2, which was determined by Forst et al. (Forst, S., Weiss, J., Elsbach, P., Maraganore, J.M., Reardon, I., & Heinrikson, R.L. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 8381-8385). Phospholipase A2 from the membrane fraction of rabbit platelets was also purified; it had the same characteristics and th same amino-terminal sequence as the purified secretory enzyme. Secretory and membrane-bound phospholipase A2 of rabbit platelets may in fact be identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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163
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Dejsirilert S, Butraporn R, Chiewsilp D, Kondo E, Kanai K. High activity of acid phosphatase of Pseudomonas pseudomallei as a possible attribute relating to its pathogenicity. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1989; 42:39-49. [PMID: 2632842 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.42.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase activities were compared quantitatively among selected species of pseudomonads. P. pseudomallei showed the highest activity of a bell-shaped pH pattern with a peak at around pH 5.0. P. cepacia had a similar pattern of milder intensity. In contrast, P. aeruginosa revealed an alkaline phosphatase activity with a pH optimum higher than 8.0, but the level of activity was much lower than those of the above two species. The enzymatic reactions of other species were slight or negligible at their optimum pH in the same test system. These data were discussed in reference to their growth behavior in different pH environments and also in connection with such recent information that the high activity of microbial acid phosphatase may be a favorable attribute to their intracellular parasitism.
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164
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Kondo E, Katayama T, Kawamura Y, Yasuda Y, Matsumoto K, Ishii K, Tanimoto T, Hinoo H, Kato T, Kyotani H. Isolation and characterization of new antibiotics resorcinomycins A and B. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1989; 42:1-6. [PMID: 2921214 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.42.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
New antibiotics, resorcinomycins A and B, were isolated from the culture broth of a streptomycete strain identified as Streptoverticillium roseoverticillatum. The antibiotics are water-soluble amphoteric substances, positive to SAKAGUCHI'S reagent. The molecular formulas C14H20N4O5 and C13H18N4O5 for A and B were indicated by elemental analysis and secondary ion MS. The structures of these antibiotics were determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry and some chemical evidences to be N-[(S)-alpha-guanidino-3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylphenylacetyl]glyci ne and N-[(S)-alpha-guanidino-3,5-dihydroxy-4-ethylphenylacetyl]-glycine, respectively.
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165
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Kahan BD, Didlake R, Kim EE, Yoshimura N, Kondo E, Stepkowski S. Important role of cyclosporine for the induction of immunologic tolerance in adult hosts. Transplant Proc 1988; 20:23-35. [PMID: 2968698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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166
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Shoji J, Hinoo H, Matsumoto K, Hattori T, Yoshida T, Matsuura S, Kondo E. Isolation and characterization of katanosins A and B. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:713-8. [PMID: 3403364 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two peptide antibiotics katanosins A and B were isolated from the culture broth of a strain related to the genus Cytophaga. These antibiotics are basic peptides soluble in aqueous alcohols. The molecular formulae C57H95N15O17 for A and C58H97N15O17 for B were indicated. The constituent amino acids of katanosin A are suggested to be Thr (1), Ser (1), Val (1), Leu (3), Arg (1) and three unusual amino acids. In katanosin B, the Val residue is replaced by Ile. Katanosins A and B are active against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo.
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167
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Kanai K, Kondo E. Theoretical and experimental aspects of the host-parasite-drug relationship in tuberculosis chemotherapy. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1988; 41:73-107. [PMID: 3149697 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.41.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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168
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Shoji J, Sakazaki R, Nakai H, Terui Y, Hattori T, Shiratori O, Kondo E, Konishi T. Isolation of a new phenazine antibiotic, DOB-41, from Pseudomonas species. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1988; 41:589-94. [PMID: 3384746 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.41.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new phenazine antibiotic, DOB-41, was isolated from the culture broth of a Pseudomonas strain. The antibiotic obtained as yellow crystals showed UV maxima at 255 nm and 370 nm. A molecular formula, C19H18N2O6, was indicated by elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. The structure was elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The antibiotic exhibited inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, and antitumor effect against leukemia P388 in mice.
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169
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Kondo E, Kanai K. An experimental model of chemotherapy on dormant tuberculous infection, with particular reference to rifampicin. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY 1988; 41:37-47. [PMID: 3149354 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.41.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mice were infected intravenously with a streptomycin (SM)-dependent strain of tubercle bacilli which had been starved of the antibiotic. The inoculum persisted in the spleen for a fairly long period, especially keeping almost the initial level of viable counts in the first few weeks. Isoniazid (INH) administration exerted little effect on such fate of the infection at a bactericidal dose to the same strain multiplying under the supply of SM. Rifampicin (RFP) was, however, highly effective in either case. Similar results were obtained in the corresponding in vitro experiments. The data suggest that this animal model is a convenient system for screening drugs effective on the dormant tuberculous infection.
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170
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Kahan BD, Didlake R, Kim EE, Yoshimura N, Kondo E, Stepkowski S. Important role of cyclosporine for the induction of immunologic tolerance in adult hosts. Transplant Proc 1988; 20:438-50. [PMID: 2966480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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171
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Hata F, Kondo E, Ishida H. Dual effects of clonidine on amylase secretory responses of rat parotid tissue induced by beta- and alpha 1-agonists. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1988; 46:217-24. [PMID: 2454342 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.46.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of clonidine on the amylase secretory responses of rat parotid tissue were examined in vitro. Clonidine increased amylase secretion induced by the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and decreased that induced by the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine or phenylephrine with propranolol. Clonidine itself had no significant effect on the secretion. Yohimbine prevented the effects of clonidine on the secretions induced by both adrenergic agonists. Clonidine did not have any significant effect on cyclic AMP accumulation in the tissues induced by the beta-adrenergic agonist. The parotid tissue after reserpine treatment exhibited supersensitivity to beta- and alpha 1-adrenergic agonists. In reserpine treated tissues, the stimulatory effect of clonidine on beta-agonist-induced secretion disappeared, but the inhibitory effect on alpha 1-agonist-induced secretion remained unchanged. Similar results were obtained after sympathectomy of the gland. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of clonidine on alpha 1-agonist-induced secretion is related to a postsynaptic site, whereas its effect on beta-agonist-induced secretion is still unknown.
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172
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Kudo I, Nojima S, Chang HW, Yanoshita R, Hayashi H, Kondo E, Nomura H, Inoue K. Antitumor activity of synthetic alkylphospholipids with or without PAF activity. Lipids 1987; 22:862-7. [PMID: 3444379 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OMe) has been reported to possess definite antitumor activity in vivo. Twenty-two alkyl lysophospholipid analogs were chemically synthesized, and their antitumor activity against mouse experimental tumors (Sarcoma 180, MM46, P388) was examined. Among them, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetoacetyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine was found to show antitumor activity similar to ET-18-OMe with less acute toxicity. Intravenous injection of the ET-18-OMe with sn-3 configuration retarded the subcutaneous growth of Sarcoma 180 cells effectively, while the growth inhibition by the sn-1 isomer was much less effective. This stereospecificity was similar to that observed in their activities as platelet-activating factor (PAF) agonists. The acetoacetyl compound, another PAF agonist, showed similar stereospecific antitumor action in vivo. These findings suggest that some alkyl lysophospholipids may activate host cells to a cytostatic stage against tumor cells in vivo through binding to a PAF receptor. Our preliminary results indicated that the responsible cells under these conditions might be primarily immature macrophages present in the bone marrow. No appreciable or even adverse stereospecificity was observed in the different sets of experiments where the activity of ET-18-OMe against MM46 tumor cells in vivo or the direct cytotoxicity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro was examined. Under some conditions, the antitumor activity of ET-18-OMe in vivo may be revealed through direct cytotoxicity and/or modulation of the host defense system by "nonspecific" mechanisms. Some alkylphospholipids without PAF activity may also show antitumor activity through similar "nonspecific" mechanisms.
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173
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Ishibashi N, Kondo E. Dynamics of the Entomogenous Nematode Steinernema feltiae Applied to Soil with and without Nematicide Treatment. J Nematol 1987; 19:404-412. [PMID: 19290163 PMCID: PMC2618672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of Steinernema feltiae strain DD-136 in soils with different fauna was investigated to determine the best method for the biological control of soil insects. Infective juveniles (J3) were applied to field plots with and without 1,3-D (Telone II) fumigation. Recovery of J3 and changes in native nematode fauna were monitored until the applied J3 were no longer recovered by Baermann funnel (BF). Recovery of J3 by BF or by a two-step extraction procedure from steam-sterilized or nonsterilized sandy or silty soil with different fauna was investigated. More DD-136 J3 were recovered from the 1,3-D treated soil than from nontreated soil, while native nematodes in the treated soil fluctuated more with the addition of DD-136 than those in nontreated soil. The J3 persisted longer in silty than in sandy soils. The inundative soil application of DD-136 increased native rhabditids and decreased plant-parasitic nematodes. DD-136 in chemically treated soil not only effectively attacked the invading soil insect pests but also suppressed the recovery of plant nematodes.
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174
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Kato T, Hinoo H, Shoji J, Matsumoto K, Tanimoto T, Hattori T, Hirooka K, Kondo E. PB-5266 A, B and C, new monobactams. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and isolation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987; 40:135-8. [PMID: 3570960 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.40.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
New monobactams, PB-5266 A, B and C were isolated from the culture filtrate of Cytophaga johnsonae PB-5266 by various types of column chromatography and preparative reverse phase HPLC. PB-5266 A, B and C exhibited weak antibacterial activity against a sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli to beta-lactam antibiotics.
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Kuwajima G, Asaka J, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara T, Node K, Kondo E. Nucleotide sequence of the hag gene encoding flagellin of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1986; 168:1479-83. [PMID: 3536885 PMCID: PMC213667 DOI: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1479-1483.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the DNA sequence of the hag gene of Escherichia coli K-12 and deduced the primary structure of the flagellin consisting of 497 amino acid residues. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of other bacterial flagellins revealed a high homology in the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions.
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