Sex attractant of sugar beet wireworm: identification and biological activity

The sex attractant produced by adult females of the sugar beet wire-worm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) has been isolated and identified as valeric acid. In the laboratory, male wireworm beetles are repelled by the pure attractant but are drawn with intense sexual excitement to its dilute solutions; in the field, male beetles are lured from a distance of 12 meters. The pheromone occurs in unusually large amounts in the female's body.

Isolation of N , N -Diethyl- m -toluamide (Deet) from Female Pink Bollworm Moths

A chemical search for a natural activator of propylure, the sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth, revealed that the female moths produce N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, an outstanding insect repellent synthesized commercially and never before reported from natural sources. The compound occurs in fairly large amount in female adults and in much lesser amount in female pupae, but it is completely absent in female larvae and in all stages of the male insect. Its role in the life of the insect has not yet been definitely determined.

Retinal ganglion cells: specification of central connections in larval Xenopus laevis

In a series of Xenopus larvae (stages 28 to 35), the left eye cup was dorsoventrally and anteroposteriorly inverted. After metamorphosis, the retinotectal projection was mapped by recording action potentials evoked in the tectum by a small spot of light projected on the retina. Normal retinotectal projection was found following rotation of the eye cup at stage 28 to 29. Rotation of the eye cup at stage 30 resulted in anteroposterior inversion of the retinotectal projection; rotation at stages 31, 32, and 35 resulted in inversion of the projection in anteroposterior and dorsoventral axis of the retina. Therefore the retinal ganglion cells were unspecified at stage 28 to 29; spatial specification of ganglion cells occurred in the anteroposterior axis of the eye cup at stage 30 and in the dorsoventral axis between stages 30 and 31.

Sex Attractant of the Pink Bollworm Moth: Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.

American Cockroach Sex Attractant

The structure (2,2-dimethyl-3-isopropylidenecyclopropyl propionate) previously assigned to the sex attractant of the American cockroach has now been shown by additional physical and chemical data and biological inactivity of the synthetic preparation to be incorrect. The structure of this attractant remains to be determined.

Chemical Insect Attractants: Insects promote their own destruction in responding to traps baited with specific lures

Many insects depend on odors to lead them to sources that supply their basic needs. Knowledge of these behavioral patterns helps to combat insects of economic importance. For example, attractants in traps offer a remarkably simple means of detecting insects and may even be useful in direct control. They are increasing the efficiency of insecticide applications because treatments need be applied only where insects are caught and only as long as they are caught.

Isolation and Identification of the Sex Attractant of the American Cockroach

The highly potent sex attractant of the female American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), has been isolated in pure form and identified as 2,2-dimethyl-3-isopropylidene-cyclopropyl propionate. The hydrogenated form of the attractant has been synthesized.

Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis of the Sex Attractant of Gypsy Moth

The extremely potent sex attractant of the female gypsy moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as dextrorotatory 10-acetoxy-1-hydroxy-cis-7-hexadecene. The dl-form of the attractant has been synthesized.