151
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Coombes R. Breach of trust. NURSING TIMES 1997; 93:15. [PMID: 9016106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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152
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Desai AJ, Luqmani YA, Walters JE, Coope RC, Dagg B, Gomm JJ, Pace PE, Rees CN, Thirunavukkarasu V, Shousha S, Groome NP, Coombes R, Ali S. Presence of exon 5-deleted oestrogen receptor in human breast cancer: functional analysis and clinical significance. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:1173-84. [PMID: 9099967 PMCID: PMC2222793 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A variant form of the human oestrogen receptor (ER) mRNA lacking sequences encoded within exon 5 has been described (Fuqua SAW, Fitzgerald SD, Chamness GC, Tandon AK, McDonnell DP, Nawaz Z, O'Malloy BW, McGuire WL 1991, Cancer Res 51: 105-109). We have examined the expression of the exon 5-deleted ER (HE delta5) mRNA variant in breast biopsies using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR). HE delta5 mRNA was present in only 13% of non-malignant breast tissues compared with 32% of carcinomas (95% CI, P=0.05). Presence of the HE delta5 mRNA was associated with the presence of immunohistochemically detected ER (P=0.015) and progesterone receptor (PR) (P=0.02). There was a positive correlation between the presence of HE delta5 and disease-free survival (P=0.05), suggesting that the presence of HE delta5 may be an indicator of better prognosis. We have raised a monoclonal antibody specific to the C-terminal amino acids of HE delta5. This antibody recognized the variant but not the wild-type ER protein. We show that HE delta5 protein is present in breast cancer using immunohistochemical techniques. We also analysed trans-activation by HE delta5 in mammalian cells and showed that, in MCF-7 cells, HE delta5 competes with wild-type ER to inhibit ERE-dependent trans-activation. Our results indicate that this variant is unlikely to be responsible for endocrine resistance of breast cancer, but its presence at both the mRNA and protein level suggest that it may, nevertheless, be involved in regulating the expression of oestrogen-responsive genes in breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- COS Cells
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/immunology
- Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis
- Sequence Deletion/genetics
- Survival Analysis
- Transfection/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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153
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Coombes R. Home sick. NURSING TIMES 1996; 92:20-1. [PMID: 9043342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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154
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Coombes R. Fault on the line of command. NURSING TIMES 1996; 92:20. [PMID: 9000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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155
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Coombes R. Hidden face of harassment. NURSING TIMES 1996; 92:19. [PMID: 9000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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156
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Coombes R. From carers to custodians. NURSING TIMES 1996; 92:19. [PMID: 8932166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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157
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Coombes R. Have badge, will travel. NURSING TIMES 1996; 92:16. [PMID: 8868885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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158
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Coombes R. A study in squalor. NURSING TIMES 1996; 92:22-3. [PMID: 8850735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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159
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Coombes R. Health targets go up in smoke. NURSING TIMES 1996; 92:20-1. [PMID: 8826362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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160
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Devane SP, Coombes R, Smith VV, Bisset WM, Booth IW, Lake BD, Milla PJ. Persistent gastrointestinal symptoms after correction of malrotation. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67:218-21. [PMID: 1543383 PMCID: PMC1793395 DOI: 10.1136/adc.67.2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Persistent vomiting, diarrhoea, or intolerance of feeding, are well recognised problems in children after surgical correction of intestinal malrotation. Conversely, intestinal malrotation is a common accompaniment of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. We investigated motor activity of the small intestine during fasting in eight children who had persistent vomiting, intolerance of full enteral feeding, or severe diarrhoea after surgical correction of intestinal malrotation. Abnormality of motor function similar to that found in neuropathic pseudo-obstruction was found in seven of the eight patients. Persistence of symptoms after surgical correction of a malrotation is associated with a motility disturbance which seems to be due to a defect of intrinsic enteric innervation. Such a defect may be important in the aetiology of the malrotation.
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161
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Coleman R, Towlson K, Wiltshaw E, Slevin M, Blake P, Stein R, Coombes R, Harper P. Epirubicin for pretreated advanced ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 1990; 26:850-1. [PMID: 2145914 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(90)90173-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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162
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Shaw NM, Blanis D, Bodek A, Budd H, Coombes R, Eno S, Fry CA, Harada H, Ho YH, Kim YK, Kumita T, Mori T, Olsen SL, Sill A, Thorndike EH, Ueno K, Zheng HW, Imlay R, Kirk P, Lim J, McNeil RR, Metcalf W, Myung SS, Cheng CP, Gu P, Li J, Li YK, Mao ZP, Xu YT, Zhu YC, Abashian A, Gotow K, Hu K, Low EH, Mattson ME, Naito F, Piilonen L, Sterner KL, Lusin S, Rosenfeld C, Wang AT, Wilson S, Frautschi M, Kagan H, Kass R, Trahern CG, Breedon RE, Kim GN, Ko W, Lander RL, Maeshima K, Malchow RL, Smith JR, Sparks K, Williams MC, Abe K, Fujii Y, Higashi Y, Kim SK, Kurihara Y, Maki A, Nozaki T, Omori T, Sagawa H. Search for unstable heavy neutral leptons in e+e- annihilations at sqrt s from 50 to 60.8 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 63:1342-1345. [PMID: 10040542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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163
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Kim GN, Kim EJ, Son D, Bacala A, Imlay R, Kirk P, McNeil RR, Metcalf W, Cheng CP, Mao ZP, Yan Y, Xu YT, Zhu YC, Abashian A, Gotow K, Kajino F, Low E, Naito F, Piilonen L, Childers R, Darden C, Lusin S, Rosenfeld C, Wilson S, Frautschi M, Kagan H, Kass R, Trahern CG, Ko W, Lander RL, Maeshima K, Malchow RL, Higashi JR, Kurihara Y, Maki A, Nozaki T, Omori T, Perez P, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Sugimoto Y, Takaiwa Y, Terada S, Tsuchiya K, Poling R, Green J, Park IH, Sakamoto S, Sannes F, Schnetzer S, Stone R, Trentalange S, Zimmerman D, Miyano K, Miyata H, Ogawa M, Yamashita Y, Blanis D, Bodek A, Budd H, Coombes R, Eno S, Fry CA, Harada H. Experimental mass limit for the fourth-generation sequential lepton from e+e- annihilations at sqrt s-bar=56 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:911-914. [PMID: 10039466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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164
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Coombes R. Steroid Receptors and the Management of Cancer. J Clin Pathol 1980. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.33.11.1124-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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165
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Coombes R. Determination of platinum in ores by a combined fire-assay and flameless atomic-absorption method. Talanta 1977; 24:421-4. [DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(77)80123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1976] [Accepted: 12/30/1976] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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