Highly Stable and Regenerative Metal-Organic Framework Designed by Multiwalled Divider Installation Strategy for Detection of Co(II) Ions and Organic Aromatics in Water

MOF-based sensors capable of effectively and stably detecting toxic species in water have attracted huge attention in terms of improving environmental monitoring levels and water quality. Combining the flexibility of structure and modifying of pore surface, a multiwalled divider installation (MWDI) strategy is proposed and used for property enhancement. We herein report three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) 1-3 based on a C₃ symmetry organic phosphonic ligand with topology increased from 3,6-connected to 3,8-connected. Among them, MOFs 1 and 2 with remaining binding sites and large pores display lower luminescence response to Co²⁺ than does the applying standard. Guided by the MWDI strategy, 3 with high rigid framework and triple molecular installer divided rhombic pore was achieved under top-down topological analysis as anticipated, which endows high sensitivity and rapid response to Co²⁺, contributed by the synergy from free activated sites and appropriate pore and molecular dividing effect. Particularly, the high stability of 3 in boiling solvent and acid/base solutions has been evidenced and explained by structural robustness and kinetic inertness. Moreover, 3 shows excellent detection ability toward trinitrophenol (TNP) over other aromatic analytes in water, attributing to the predomination of energy transfers. Of note is that the used framework can be in situ regenerated into a fresh one. That provides a promising strategy to prepare effective and economic luminescent sensors in a predictable way for property modification.

An epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in intermediate and definitive hosts in Qinghai Province, China

In order to understand the epidemiological status of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in intermediate and definitive hosts in Qinghai Province, China, during the period 2007-2011, we investigated the infection in humans and animals, including yaks, Tibetan sheep, Tibetan dogs, and wild foxes distributed in different counties around the province. Sera from local residents were examined using a rapid serodiagnostic kit to detect specific antibodies against Echinococcus. Seropositive samples were confirmed with B-scan ultrasonography and X-ray examinations. Yaks and Tibetan sheep were checked at slaughterhouses, and cysts and suspicious lesions were collected for analysis. A rapid diagnostic strip was used to detect Echinococcus adults in Tibetan dogs. Positive dogs were dewormed and the parasites collected. Wild foxes were trapped and necropsies performed with particular attention to the intestine. Forty-eight of 735 (6.4%) humans tested were positive and 475 of 854 (55.6%) Tibetan sheep and 85 of 352 (24.15%) yaks were infected with Echinococcus. Across different counties, 214 of 948 (22.57%) Tibetan dogs were positive, and five of 36 (13.9%) wild foxes were infected with Echinococcus. Molecular studies showed that all the infections detected in humans, domestic yaks, and Tibetan sheep were the G1 genotype (E. granulosus), whereas the parasites from Tibetan foxes and Tibetan dogs were E. shiquicus and E. multilocularis, respectively. In conclusion, Echinococcosis is hyperendemic in Qinghai Province in both its intermediate and definitive hosts and the G1 genotype of cystic Echinococcus is the dominant strain.

Microbial Community and Functional Structure Significantly Varied among Distinct Types of Paddy Soils But Responded Differently along Gradients of Soil Depth Layers

Paddy rice fields occupy broad agricultural area in China and cover diverse soil types. Microbial community in paddy soils is of great interest since many microorganisms are involved in soil functional processes. In the present study, Illumina Mi-Seq sequencing and functional gene array (GeoChip 4.2) techniques were combined to investigate soil microbial communities and functional gene patterns across the three soil types including an Inceptisol (Binhai), an Oxisol (Leizhou), and an Ultisol (Taoyuan) along four profile depths (up to 70 cm in depth) in mesocosm incubation columns. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed that distinctly differentiation in microbial community existed among soil types and profile depths, while the manifest variance in functional structure was only observed among soil types and two rice growth stages, but not across profile depths. Along the profile depth within each soil type, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes increased whereas Cyanobacteria, β-proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia declined, suggesting their specific ecophysiological properties. Compared to bacterial community, the archaeal community showed a more contrasting pattern with the predominant groups within phyla Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Crenarchaeota largely varying among soil types and depths. Phylogenetic molecular ecological network (pMEN) analysis further indicated that the pattern of bacterial and archaeal communities interactions changed with soil depth and the highest modularity of microbial community occurred in top soils, implying a relatively higher system resistance to environmental change compared to communities in deeper soil layers. Meanwhile, microbial communities had higher connectivity in deeper soils in comparison with upper soils, suggesting less microbial interaction in surface soils. Structure equation models were developed and the models indicated that pH was the most representative characteristics of soil type and identified as the key driver in shaping both bacterial and archaeal community structure, but did not directly affect microbial functional structure. The distinctive pattern of microbial taxonomic and functional composition along soil profiles implied functional redundancy within these paddy soils.

Curcumin Inhibits Apoptosis of Chondrocytes through Activation ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways Induced Autophagy

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease of load-bearing synovial joints that is currently treated with drugs that exhibit numerous side effects and are only temporarily effective in treating pain, the main symptom of the disease. Consequently, there is an acute need for novel, safe, and more effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis and related arthritic diseases. Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid and the most active component in turmeric, is a biologically active phytochemical. Evidence from several recent in vitro studies suggests that curcumin may exert a chondroprotective effect through actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-catabolic activity that are critical for mitigating OA disease pathogenesis and symptoms. In the present study, we investigated the protective mechanisms of curcumin on interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-stimulated primary chondrocytes in vitro. The treatment of interleukin (IL)-1β significantly reduces the cell viability of chondrocytes in dose and time dependent manners. Co-treatment of curcumin with IL-1β significantly decreased the growth inhibition. We observed that curcumin inhibited IL-1β-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in chondrocytes. Curcumin can increase the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3)-II, and Beclin-1 in chondrocytes. The expression of autophagy markers could be decreased when the chondrocytes were incubated with ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Our results suggest that curcumin suppresses apoptosis and inflammatory signaling through its actions on the ERK1/2-induced autophagy in chondrocytes. We propose that curcumin should be explored further for the prophylactic treatment of osteoarthritis in humans and companion animals.

[Visual quality comparison after multifocal toric intraocular lens or monofocal toric intraocular lens implantation]

Objective: To compare visual quality and satisfaction after multifocal toric intraocular lens (Acrysof IQ Restor toric, ART) and monofocal toric intraocular lens implantation in patients. Methods: It was a prospective nonrandomized Phase Ⅲ clinical trial. Patients with age-related cataract and corneal astigmatism were enrolled and accepted phacoemulsification combined with implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) in Henan Provincial Eye Hospital during March 2013 to December 2014. Fifty-six cases were divided into two groups according to which IOL they chose. ART group included 28 cases (3l eyes) aged from 41.0 to 72.0 years, with an average age of 61.5 years; toric group included 28 cases (33 eyes) aged from 42.0 to 75.0 years, with an average age of 63.5 years. Three months postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at 5, 70, 40 cm, corrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities, defocus curve, residual refractive astigmatism, rotational stability of the IOL, contrast sensitivity and patientsatisfaction were evaluated. All data were processed by statistic package deal SPSS 16.0. Postoperative visual acuity, residual astigmatism, IOL axial rotation and contrast sensitivity were compared by independent samples t test; preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism were compared by paired t-test; spectacle independency and halo incidence were processed by χ(2) test; visual satisfaction score was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results: At 3 months postoperatively, in ART group, UDVA was (0.04±0.05), UIVA was (0.24±0.15), UNVA was (0.20±0.24). While in Toric group, UDVA was (0.06±0.04), UIVA was (0.30±0.13), UNVA was (0.47±0.21). There was no significant difference in UDVA between two groups(t=0.79, P=0.433). But in ART group, UIVA and UNVA were markedly better than those in Toric group(t=2.74, P=0.008; t=3.45, P<0.01). Depth of focus was 5.50 D (+2.00--3.50 D) in the ART group and 2.50 D (+1.00--1.50 D) in the Toric group. Average postoperative residual astigmatism was (-0.45±0.41)D in ART group and (-0.41±0.32)D in the Toric group. There was no significant difference between two groups (t=1.05, P=0.304). Average IOL rotation test was (2.95°±1.34°) in the ART group and (2.75°±1.64°) in the Toric group. There was no significant difference between two groups (t=0.67, P=0.452). Spectacle independency was achieved by 85.7% of patients in the ART group and 32.1% in the Toric group. There was no signifcant difference in distant visual satisfaction scores between the two groups(Z=0.71, P>0.05), while the intermediate and near visual satisfaction scores were significantly different(Z=2.27, P<0.05; Z=2.60, P<0.05) Conclusions: Both of the ART IOL and toric IOL can correct patients astigmatism. Implantation of ART IOL in patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism provided excellent distance, intermediate, and near visual outcomes. It provided better predictability of the refractive results, nice rotational stability, and good optical performance. At the same time, it improved the spectacle independency of cataract patients with astigmatism. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 274-280).

A MYB transcription factor, DcMYB6, is involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple carrot taproots

Carrots are widely grown and enjoyed around the world. Purple carrots accumulate rich anthocyanins in the taproots, while orange, yellow, and red carrots accumulate rich carotenoids in the taproots. Our previous studies indicated that variation in the activity of regulatory genes may be responsible for variations in anthocyanin production among various carrot cultivars. In this study, an R2R3-type MYB gene, designated as DcMYB6, was isolated from a purple carrot cultivar. In a phylogenetic analysis, DcMYB6 was grouped into an anthocyanin biosynthesis-related MYB clade. Sequence analyses revealed that DcMYB6 contained the conserved bHLH-interaction motif and two atypical motifs of anthocyanin regulators. The expression pattern of DcMYB6 was correlated with anthocyanin production. DcMYB6 transcripts were detected at high levels in three purple carrot cultivars but at much lower levels in six non-purple carrot cultivars. Overexpression of DcMYB6 in Arabidopsis led to enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in both vegetative and reproductive tissues and upregulated transcript levels of all seven tested anthocyanin-related structural genes. Together, these results show that DcMYB6 is involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple carrots. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in purple carrot cultivars.

Surface Decoration of Amino-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework/Graphene Oxide Composite onto Polydopamine-Coated Membrane Substrate for Highly Efficient Heavy Metal Removal

A new metal-organic framework/graphene oxide composite (IRMOF-3/GO) with high adsorption capacity of copper(II) (maximal adsorption amount = 254.14 mg/g at pH 5.0 and 25 °C) was prepared. Novel and highly efficient nanofiltration (NF) membrane can be facilely fabricated via surface decoration of IRMOF-3/GO onto polydopamine (PDA)-coated polysulfone (PSF) substrate. After decoration of IRMOF-3/GO, membrane surface potential increased from 6.7 to 13.1 mV at pH 5.0 and 25 °C. Due to the adsorption effect of IRMOF-3/GO and the enhancement of membrane surface potential, the prepared NF membrane (the loading amount of IRMOF-3/GO is ca. 13.6 g/m²) exhibits a highly efficient rejection of copper(II). The copper(II) rejection reaches up to ∼90%, while maintaining a relatively high flux of ∼31 L/m²/h at the pressure of 0.7 MPa and pH 5.0. Moreover, the membrane also presents an outstanding stability throughout the 2000 min NF testing period. Thus, the newly developed NF membrane shows a promising potential for water cleaning. This work provides a worthy reference for designing highly efficient NF membranes modified by metal-organic framework (MOF) relevant materials.

Improvement in the Anticancer Activity of 6-Mercaptopurine via Combination with Bismuth(III)

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a clinically important antitumor drug and its commercially available form is provided as monohydrate, belonging to biopharmaceuticals classification system (BCS) class II category. The combination of bismuth(III) (Bi(III)) with 6-MP was proved to significantly improve the anticancer activity of 6-MP, leading to the discovery of a new amorphous complex ([Bi(MP)₃(NO₃)₂]NO₃). The prepared [Bi(MP)₃(NO₃)₂]NO₃ was characterized by the matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF)-MS, etc. Noticeably, according to the in vitro evaluations of cytotoxicity, cellular apoptotic, colony formation as well as cell migration, the anticancer activity of amorphous [Bi(MP)₃(NO₃)₂]NO₃ was found to be of high therapeutic effect over 6-MP.

Synthesis of thermo- and photo-responsive polysiloxanes with tunable phase separationviaaza-Michael addition

Two kinds of thermo- and photo-dual-responsive polysiloxanes were synthesized through a facile, effective, and catalyst-free aza-Michael addition.

One-pot synthesis of 3D hierarchical porous Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites for high-rate and long-life lithium ion batteries

A hierarchical porous Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C nanocomposite with excellent cycle stability is fabricated via a simple one-pot process.

Clinical applications of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in severe aplastic anemia

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of haploidentical allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and prophylaxis of complications involved.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

8 patients with clinically diagnosed SAA (5 cases of SAA-I and 3 cases of SAA-II) were recruited, with the parents as the donors of hemopoietic stem cells. The conditioning regimen before HSCT included cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, pig anti-human lymphocyte immune globulin (p-ALG) and/or total body irradiation (TBI). The recipients received short-term methotrexate (MTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and cyclosporin A (CsA) for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Subsequent to successful allo-HSCT, the hematopoietic reconstitution was observed, coupled with periodical surveillance of the chimerism rate, the occurrence, and severity of postoperative complications as infection, GVHD, veno-occlusive disease (VOD), hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) as well as the long-term survival rate, etc.

RESULTS

We found that hematopoietic reconstruction was achieved in all of the 8 patients with the average time of 14.8d for absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 0.5×109/L, and the average time of 15.0d for platelet count was more than 20×109/L. Follow-up for 1 month later revealed that DNA chimeric rate of donor cells was 95%-100%. The complications were aGVHD in 7 cases including 5 cases of grade I-II (62.5%), 1 case of grade III (12.5%) and 1 case of grade IV (12.5%), as well as chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) in 2 patients, including 1 case (12.5%) localized in the oral cavity and 1 case (12.5%) with extensive type cGVHD in the whole body skin. No VOD or HC was observed, and no transplantation-related death occurred at median following-up of 8.5 months (2 to 18 months).

CONCLUSIONS

Allo-HSCT is safe and effective in patients with SAA and has great clinical perspective.

Potent anticancer activity of a new bismuth (III) complex against human lung cancer cells

The aim of this work is experimental study of an interesting bismuth(III) complex derived from pentadentate 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde bis(⁴N-methylthiosemicarbazone), [BiL(NO₃)₂]NO₃ {L=2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde bis(⁴N-methylthiosemicarbazone)}. A series of in vitro biological studies indicate that the newly prepared [BiL(NO₃)₂]NO₃ greatly suppressed colony formation, migration and significantly induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells A549 and H460, but did not obviously decrease the cell viability of non-cancerous human lung fibroblast (HLF) cell line, showing much higher anticancer activities than its parent ligands, especially with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) <3.5μM. Moreover, in vivo study provides enough evidence that the treatment with [BiL(NO₃)₂]NO₃ effectively inhibited A549 xenograft tumor growth on tumor-bearing mice (10mgkg^-1, tumor volume reduced by 97.92% and tumor weight lightened by 94.44% compared to control) and did not indicate harmful effect on mouse weight and liver. These results suggest that the coordination of free ligand with Bi(III) might be an interesting and potent strategy in the discovery of new anticancer drug candidates.

The Associations of Serum Lipids with Vitamin D Status

Aims

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with some disorders including cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, data about the relationships between vitamin D and lipids are inconsistent. The relationship of vitamin D and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), as an excellent predictor of level of small and dense LDL, has not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D status on serum lipids in Chinese adults.

Methods

The study was carried out using 1475 participants from the Center for Physical Examination, 306 Hospital of PLA in Beijing, China. Fasting blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. AIP was calculated based on the formula: log [TG/HDL-C]. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between serum 25(OH)D and lipids. The association between the occurrences of dyslipidemias and vitamin D levels was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Confounding factors, age and BMI, were used for the adjustment.

Results

The median of serum 25(OH)D concentration was 47 (27–92.25) nmol/L in all subjects. The overall percentage of 25(OH)D ≦ 50 nmol/L was 58.5% (males 54.4%, females 63.7%). The serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with TG (β coefficient = -0.24, p < 0.001) and LDL-C (β coefficient = -0.34, p < 0.001) and positively associated with TC (β coefficient = 0.35, p < 0.002) in men. The associations between serum 25(OH)D and LDL-C (β coefficient = -0.25, p = 0.01) and TC (β coefficient = 0.39, p = 0.001) also existed in women. The serum 25(OH)D concentrations were negatively associated with AIP in men (r = -0.111, p < 0.01) but not in women. In addition, vitamin D deficient men had higher AIP values than vitamin D sufficient men. Furthermore, the occurrences of dyslipidemias (reduced HDL-C, elevated TG and elevated AIP) correlated with lower 25(OH)D levels in men, whereas the higher TC and LDL-C associated with higher 25(OH)D levels in women.

Conclusion

It seems that the serum 25(OH)D levels are closely associated with the serum lipids and AIP. Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the increased risk of dyslipidemias, especially in men. The association between vitamin D status and serum lipids may differ by genders.

Anterograde Fixation Module for Posterior Acetabular Column Fracture: Computer-Assisted Determination of Optimal Entry Point, Angle, and Length for Screw Insertion

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to provide valid data for a plate-screw fixation model for fractured posterior-anterior columns of the acetabulum. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nineteen cadaveric bony hemi-pelvis specimens were obtained and 50 healthy adults were enrolled. The modified Stoppa approach and computed tomography (CT) imaging were used to collect the measured parameter data of the module. RESULTS The measured parameter data were as follows: OP, 0.96±0.32 cm in females and 0.92±0.16 cm in males (P>0.05); PI, 0.98±0.28 cm in females, and 0.75±0.23 cm in males (P>0.05); Ðϴ, 59.68°±6.28° in females and 56.75°±3.22° in males (P>0.05); and Ðφ, 41.27°±2.76° in females and 34.31°±2.78° in males (P<0.05). The corresponding CT image data were as follows: PI, 1.08±0.22 cm in females and 0.85±0.27 cm in males (P>0.05); OP, 1.06±0.29 cm in females and 1.12±0.24 cm in males (P>0.05); Ðϴ, 55.33°±4.00° in females and 55. 50°±3.43° in males (P>0.05); and Ðφ was 39.21°±2.45°in females and 35.58°±2.31°in males (P<0.05). No significant difference with respect to sex and side existed between specimens and healthy adults (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The measured parameter data obtained in healthy adults and cadaveric specimens provided an anatomic basis for the designation of the guide module, and thus confirmed the accuracy and safety of screw placement in fractured columns of the acetabulum.

A self-protection phenomenon in the Nafion membrane when it breathes in methanol-saturated air

Ex situ characterizations based on TGA and XRD techniques revealed that MeOH vapor had little influence on the Nafion microstructures. To reveal the underlying mechanism, in this study, we designed new FTIR-based equipment to track in situ the microstructural changes of a bulk Nafion membrane in MeOH-saturated air. First, an interesting MeOH-breathing phenomenon was found in the ionic domains of Nafion. It demonstrated that there existed a dynamic equilibrium between the sorption and desorption processes of MeOH vapor in Nafion. Second, the FTIR results also detected the high stability of the hydrophobic regions of Nafion in MeOH vapor. The super-acid -CF2-SO3H always retained a small quantity of bonded H2O (H(+)(H2O)n) inside the Nafion membrane. MeOH vapor was absorbed first into the hydrophilic regions, however, the interactions between -CF2-SO3H and MeOH vapor were much weaker than those between -CF2-SO3H and H(+)(H2O)n. Therefore, a protective layer composed of residual water formed in the lumen of the hydrophilic ionic domains of Nafion, which protected its hydrophobic regions from the MeOH attack. Hereby, the self-protection ability of Nafion in MeOH vapor was detected for the first time. This work gave a new insight into the complex interplay between Nafion and MeOH vapor.

Nafion-Initiated ATRP of 1-Vinylimidazole for Preparation of Proton Exchange Membranes

Nafion is one of the most widely investigated materials applied in proton exchange membranes. Interestingly, it was found that Nafion could serve as a macroinitiator to induce atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on its C-F sites. In this study, poly(1-vinylimidazole) was selectively bonded on the side chains of Nafion via the Nafion-initiated ATRP process, which was confirmed by the measurements of (1)H/(19)F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The as-prepared Nafion-co-poly(1-vinylimidazole) (Nafion-PVIm) membranes, with tunable loading amount of imidazole rings, presented greatly enhanced proton conductivity and methanol resistivity due to their well-controlled chemical structures. Especially, chemically bonding PVIm with Nafion chains endowed the Nafion-PVIm membranes with high stability in proton conductivity. For the first time, we revealed the great potentials of the Nafion-initiated ATRP process in developing high-performance proton exchange membranes.

A novel facile and fast hydrothermal-assisted method to synthesize sulfur/carbon composites for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries

Hydrothermal-assisted sulfur impregnation method was first proposed to prepare sulfur/carbon (S/C) composites for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery applications.

Numerical analysis of the transportation characteristics of a self-running sliding stage based on near-field acoustic levitation

Owing to its distinct non-contact and oil-free characteristics, a self-running sliding stage based on near-field acoustic levitation can be used in an environment, which demands clean rooms and zero noise. This paper presents a numerical analysis on the lifting and transportation capacity of a non-contact transportation system. Two simplified structure models, namely, free vibration and force vibration models, are proposed for the study of the displacement amplitude distribution of two cases using the finite element method. After coupling the stage displacement into the film thickness, the Reynolds equation is solved by the finite difference method to obtain the lifting and thrusting forces. Parametric analyses of the effects of amplitude, frequency, and standing wave ratio (SWR) on the sliding stage dynamic performance are investigated. Numerical results show good agreement with published experimental values. The predictions also reveal that greater transportation capacity of the self-running sliding stage is generally achieved at less SWR and at higher amplitude.

Photonic materials, structures and devices for Reststrahlen optics

We present a review of existing and potential next-generation far-infrared (20-60 μm) optical materials and devices. The far-infrared is currently one of the few remaining frontiers on the optical spectrum, a space underdeveloped and lacking in many of the optical and optoelectronic materials and devices taken for granted in other, more technologically mature wavelength ranges. The challenges associated with developing optical materials, structures, and devices at these wavelengths are in part a result of the strong phonon absorption in the Reststrahlen bands of III-V semiconductors that collectively span the far-infrared. More than just an underexplored spectral band, the far-IR may also be of potential importance for a range of sensing applications in astrochemistry, biology, and industrial and geological processes. Additionally, with a suitable far-IR optical infrastructure, it is conceivable that even more applications could emerge. In this review, we will present recent progress on far-infrared materials and phenomena such as phononic surface modes, engineered composite materials, and optoelectronic devices that have the potential to serve as the next generation of components in a far-infrared optical tool-kit.

Role of high-risk variants in the development of impaired glucose metabolism was modified by birth weight in Han Chinese

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of common variants in the genes SLC30A8, KCNQ1, and TCF7L2 in the association between birth weight and increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese.

METHODS

Seven variants (SLC30A8-rs13266634 and rs2466293; KCNQ1-rs2237895 and rs2074196; and TCF7L2-rs11196218, rs7903146, and rs290487) were genotyped in 1181 individuals born in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1921 to 1954 by Taqman allelic discrimination assay. All the subjects were stratified by birth weight into groups of ≥3000 g and <3000 g. Associations of genetic variants with birth weight and with risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (together as impaired glucose metabolism) were analysed.

RESULTS

After adjustment for sex, gestational weeks, parity, and maternal age, the G allele of KCNQ1-rs2074196 was associated with higher birth weight (p = 0.032). KCNQ1-rs2074196, rs2234895, and TCF7L2-rs290487 were associated with increased risk of impaired glucose metabolism. However, the associations were modified by size at birth. The associations above were only found in subjects with birth weights greater than (or equal to) 3000 g. In subjects with birth weights less than 3000 g, impaired glucose metabolism was associated with variants SLC30A8-rs2466293 and TCF7L2-rs11196218.

CONCLUSIONS

The role of common variants in susceptible genes in the development of impaired glucose metabolism was modified by birth weight in Han Chinese. This provides evidence that genetic variants influence birth weight and are involved in development of type 2 diabetes.

Sequencing and Analysis of the Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A Genome: A Pathogen Living in the Surface Coat of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

It is known that several bacteria are adherent to the surface coat of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), but their function and role in the pathogenesis of pine wilt disease remains debatable. The Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A is a bacterium isolated from the surface coat of pine wood nematodes. In previous studies, GcM5-1A was evident in connection with the pathogenicity of pine wilt disease. In this study, we report the de novo sequencing of the GcM5-1A genome. A 600-Mb collection of high-quality reads was obtained and assembled into sequence contigs spanning a 6.01-Mb length. Sequence annotation predicted 5,413 open reading frames, of which 2,988 were homologous to genes in the other four sequenced P. fluorescens isolates (SBW25, WH6, Pf0-1 and Pf-5) and 1,137 were unique to GcM5-1A. Phylogenetic studies and genome comparison revealed that GcM5-1A is more closely related to SBW25 and WH6 isolates than to Pf0-1 and Pf-5 isolates. Towards study of pathogenesis, we identified 79 candidate virulence factors in the genome of GcM5-1A, including the Alg, Fl, Waa gene families, and genes coding the major pathogenic protein fliC. In addition, genes for a complete T3SS system were identified in the genome of GcM5-1A. Such systems have proved to play a critical role in subverting and colonizing the host organisms of many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Although the functions of the candidate virulence factors need yet to be deciphered experimentally, the availability of this genome provides a basic platform to obtain informative clues to be addressed in future studies by the pine wilt disease research community.

[Synthesis and Properties of 1,11,15,25-Tetrahydroxy-4,8,18,22-Di (Bridged Dipropionate Carboxyl) Phthalocyanine Copper]

In this dissertation, we study the synthesis and character of new substituted Phthalocyanine. Due to the widely application of Pcs in the fields, such as the communication, medical treatment, chemical industry and so on, therefore, they have been a hot topic over several decades by scientists. Nowadays, scientists have prepared thousands of Pcs and their derivatives. However, along with the human society development and the progress in science and technology, the new phthalocyanine with novle characteristics are still the goal of the scientists. In this dissertion, the synthetic methods of the phthlocyanine is improved. The synthesis and characterization of 1,11,15,25-tetrahydroxy-4,8,18,22-di(bridged dipropionate carboxyl) phthalocyanines are reported in this paper. The mixtures of malonic acid and 3,6-dihydroxy-phthalonitrile was added to water under stiriing. Then, a catalyst amount of sulfuric acid was added. The first synthetic precursor, i. e., malonic acid 3,3'-bis(6-hydroxy phthalonitrile) butter, its molecular formula is C19H8N4O6. phthalocyanines was prepared by malonic acid 3,3'-bis(6-hydroxy phthalonitrile) butter and dihydrate zinc acetate, copper acetate monohydrate in n-amyl alcohol, using DBU as a catalyst under the 135 °C, molecular formula of phthalocyanine complexes is C38H16N8O12M. The product was characterized by Ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) Spectrum absorption and fluorescence, The results are agreement with the proposed structures. And electrochemical properties were studied.

Experimental infection of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) with Coxsackie virus A16

Coxsackie virus A16 (CA16) is commonly recognized as one of the main human pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). The clinical manifestations of HFMD include vesicles of hand, foot and mouth in young children and severe inflammatory CNS lesions. In this study, experimentally CA16 infected tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) were used to investigate CA16 pathogenesis. The results showed that both the body temperature and the percentages of blood neutrophilic granulocytes / monocytes of CA16 infected tree shrews increased at 4-7 days post infection. Dynamic distributions of CA16 in different tissues and stools were found at different infection stages. Moreover, the pathological changes in CNS and other organs were also observed. These findings indicate that tree shrews can be used as a viable animal model to study CA16 infection.

Overexpression and activities of 1-Cys peroxiredoxin from Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A carried by pine wood nematode

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are enzymatic antioxidants widely distributed in biological kingdoms, which constitute a family of heme-free peroxidases that reduce alkyl hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. In this paper, an open reading frame (ORF) of 639 bp, which encoded a protein of 213 amino acid residues, was cloned from Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A carried by pine wood nematode. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that the encoded protein shared 99, 97, and 97 % identity with the thiol-specific antioxidant protein LsfA of P. fluorescens Q2-87, the peroxiredoxin of Pseudomonas sp. GM17 and 1-Cys peroxiredoxin of P. fluorescens Pf 0-1, respectively. The ORF was cloned into expressing vector pET-15b and introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Overexpression of a 27-kDa protein was achieved by IPTG induction. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography on a Ni(2+) matrix column. Non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis indicated that part of the recombinant appeared in dimer form. Bioassay results showed that purified recombinant protein had both peroxidase and thioredoxin activity. Furthermore, E. coli expressing the ORF showed tolerance to hydrogen peroxide stress, which indicated that the gene might help P. fluorescens GcM5-1A resist hydrogen peroxide generated by host pines after pine wood nematode associated with this bacterium infected pine trees.

Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. tubers

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. tubers. A central composite design was used to optimize the extraction processing parameters. The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food.

Immobilized lipase on porous ceramic monoliths for the production of sugar-derived oil gelling agent

Lipase from Candida sp. 99-125 was immobilized on porous ceramic monoliths for the production of sugar-derived oil gelling agent.

Does thermal treatment merely make a H2O-saturated Nafion membrane lose its absorbed water at high temperature?

Influences of thermal treatment on H₂O-saturated Nafion microstructures are investigated by in situ FTIR, TGA, XRD and 2Dcos techniques.

A Bi-doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material with an enhanced high-rate capacity and long cycle stability for lithium ion batteries

A promising cathode material Li₃V_1.97Bi_0.03(PO₄)₃/C for high-power Li rechargeable batteries shows excellent electrochemical performance.

Ascending SAG neurons control sexual receptivity of Drosophila females

Mating induces pronounced changes in female reproductive behavior, typically including a dramatic reduction in sexual receptivity. In Drosophila, postmating behavioral changes are triggered by sex peptide (SP), a male seminal fluid peptide that acts via a receptor (SPR) expressed in sensory neurons (SPSNs) of the female reproductive tract. Here, we identify second-order neurons that mediate the behavioral changes induced by SP. These SAG neurons receive synaptic input from SPSNs in the abdominal ganglion and project to the dorsal protocerebrum. Silencing SAG neurons renders virgin females unreceptive, whereas activating them increases the receptivity of females that have already mated. Physiological experiments demonstrate that SP downregulates the excitability of the SPSNs, and hence their input onto SAG neurons. These data thus provide a physiological correlate of mating status in the female central nervous system and a key entry point into the brain circuits that control sexual receptivity.

Value of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant disease that substantially affects public health worldwide. It is especially prevalent in east Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where the main etiology is the endemic status of chronic hepatitis B. Effective treatments with curative intent for early HCC include liver transplantation, liver resection (LR), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). RFA has become the most widely used local thermal ablation method in recent years because of its technical ease, safety, satisfactory local tumor control, and minimally invasive nature. This technique has also emerged as an important treatment strategy for HCC in recent years. RFA, liver transplantation, and hepatectomy can be complementary to one another in the treatment of HCC, and the outcome benefits have been demonstrated by numerous clinical studies. As a pretransplantation bridge therapy, RFA extends the average waiting time without increasing the risk of dropout or death. In contrast to LR, RFA causes almost no intra-abdominal adhesion, thus producing favorable conditions for subsequent liver transplantation. Many studies have demonstrated mutual interactions between RFA and hepatectomy, effectively expanding the operative indications for patients with HCC and enhancing the efficacy of these approaches. However, treated tumor tissue remains within the body after RFA, and residual tumors or satellite nodules can limit the effectiveness of this treatment. Therefore, future research should focus on this issue.

Crystal growth, structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of mixed-valent compounds YbOs2Al10 and LuOs2Al10

Single crystals of YbOs2Al10 and LuOs2Al10 were grown for the first time using an aluminum self-flux method. The compounds crystallized into a cagelike structure in space group Cmcm, similar to the prototype compound YbFe2Al10. YbOs2Al10 exhibited a mixed-valent nature, as determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements over a wide temperature range from 2 to 900 K, in which the inter-configuration-fluctuation model revealed a broad peak around 400 K. In contrast, LuOs2Al10 displayed Pauli-like paramagnetic behavior over the same temperature range. Both compounds were metallic in nature between 2 and 300 K. The electronic specific heat coefficient of 21.3(2) mJ mol(-1) K(-2) for YbOs2Al10 was determined to be larger than that for LuOs2Al10 [8.9(1) mJ mol(-1) K(-2)], reflecting the mixed-valent nature of the former. First-principles calculations predicted the presence of a mixed-valent state in YbOs2Al10, in agreement with the experimental observations. The novel compound YbOs2Al10 elucidates the evolution of the mixed-valent nature of the Yb-based ternary transition metal aluminides from the 3d to 5d elements.

[Effects of root cutting under different seedling conditions on root system distribution and senescence character of peanut]

The effects of root cutting on root system distribution and senescence character of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) under different seedling conditions were investigated by using the box culture method. The results showed that, with three types of peanut seedlings, including overgrowing, strong and week seedlings, root cutting all first restricted and then promoted the root system growth, especially promoted the root growth to deep soil. This effect was stronger on the overgrowing and strong seedlings, while relatively weaker on the weak seedlings. After root cutting, root activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity all reduced at first, and then increased, compared with each control. The extents of decrease in root activity, SOD and POD activity were highest in the weak seedlings, lowest in the overgrowing seedlings, and moderate in the strong seedlings. However, in the later stage after root cutting, the extents of increase in root activity, SOD and POD activity were higher in the overgrowing and strong seedlings, than in the weak seedlings. Generally, root cutting could promote the root activity of peanut and delay the senescence.

Renal artery stenosis due to neurofibromatosis type 1: case report and literature review

Background

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a relatively common autosomal dominant disorder. The most common vascular abnormality in patients with NF1 is bilateral or unilateral renal artery stenosis.

Case report

A 16-year-old boy presented with a headache of 4-year duration and was found to be moderately hypertensive. On physical examination, axillary freckling and multiple café-au-lait spots were revealed over the trunk, while numerous small nodules were palpable on the limbs. Biopsy of subcutaneous nodule showed neurofibroma. Lisch nodules were identified on slit-lamp examination and grade I hypertensive retinopathy was present on fundoscopy. Clinical laboratory investigations revealed that renal and liver function tests, blood cells count, urinalysis, serum electrolytes, serum levels of renin and aldosterone, and 24-hour urine levels of catecholamines were all within normal ranges. Abdominal ultrasound and CT were normal. Both kidneys were of normal size. CT angiography showed right renal artery stenosis (>90%) at the ostium. The final diagnosis of NF1 with right renal artery stenosis and secondary hypertension was then made. The patient was treated with Procardin (30 mg/d) and improved with a significant decline in blood pressure. The main outcomes were to control blood pressure without necessarily proceeding with PTRA. We also present a review of the literature.

Conclusions

NF1 may present with hypertension due to renal artery stenosis in children. All young patients (<30 year) with hypertension should be clinically screened for secondary causes of hypertension, including NF1, so that renal revascularization can be offered before permanent end organ damage has occurred. First-line management using medication alone could be appropriate, keeping the interventional options for when the patient's condition deteriorates.